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Compare Ghana (2001) - Luxembourg (2008)

Compare Ghana (2001) z Luxembourg (2008)

 Ghana (2001)Luxembourg (2008)
 GhanaLuxembourg
Administrative divisions 10 regions; Ashanti, Brong-Ahafo, Central, Eastern, Greater Accra, Northern, Upper East, Upper West, Volta, Western 3 districts; Diekirch, Grevenmacher, Luxembourg
Age structure 0-14 years:
41.18% (male 4,123,317; female 4,068,786)

15-64 years:
55.35% (male 5,455,577; female 5,555,278)

65 years and over:
3.47% (male 328,809; female 362,247) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 18.8% (male 46,478/female 43,656)


15-64 years: 66.6% (male 161,466/female 158,261)


65 years and over: 14.7% (male 28,530/female 41,831) (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products cocoa, rice, coffee, cassava (tapioca), peanuts, corn, shea nuts, bananas; timber wine, grapes, barley, oats, potatoes, wheat, fruits; dairy products, livestock products
Airports 12 (2000 est.) 2 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways total:
6

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
3

914 to 1,523 m:
2 (2000 est.)
total: 1


over 3,047 m: 1 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
6

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
3

under 914 m:
2 (2000 est.)
total: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2007)
Area total:
238,540 sq km

land:
230,020 sq km

water:
8,520 sq km
total: 2,586 sq km


land: 2,586 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Oregon slightly smaller than Rhode Island
Background Formed from the merger of the British colony of the Gold Coast and the Togoland trust territory, Ghana in 1957 became the first country in colonial Africa to gain its independence. A long series of coups resulted in the suspension of the constitution in 1981 and the banning of political parties. A new constitution, restoring multiparty politics, was approved in 1992. Lt. Jerry RAWLINGS, head of state since 1981, won presidential elections in 1992 and 1996, but was constitutionally prevented from running for a third term in 2000. He was succeeded by John KUFUOR. Founded in 963, Luxembourg became a grand duchy in 1815 and an independent state under the Netherlands. It lost more than half of its territory to Belgium in 1839, but gained a larger measure of autonomy. Full independence was attained in 1867. Overrun by Germany in both World Wars, it ended its neutrality in 1948 when it entered into the Benelux Customs Union and when it joined NATO the following year. In 1957, Luxembourg became one of the six founding countries of the European Economic Community (later the European Union), and in 1999 it joined the euro currency area.
Birth rate 28.95 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 11.84 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Budget revenues:
$1.39 billion

expenditures:
$1.47 billion, including capital expenditures of $370 million (1996 est.)
revenues: $14.29 billion


expenditures: $13.92 billion (2007 est.)
Capital Accra name: Luxembourg


geographic coordinates: 49 36 N, 6 07 E


time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)


daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Climate tropical; warm and comparatively dry along southeast coast; hot and humid in southwest; hot and dry in north modified continental with mild winters, cool summers
Coastline 539 km 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution new constitution approved 28 April 1992 17 October 1868; occasional revisions
Country name conventional long form:
Republic of Ghana

conventional short form:
Ghana

former:
Gold Coast
conventional long form: Grand Duchy of Luxembourg


conventional short form: Luxembourg


local long form: Grand Duche de Luxembourg


local short form: Luxembourg
Currency cedi (GHC) -
Death rate 10.26 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 8.42 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Debt - external $7 billion (1999 est.) $NA
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Kathryn D. ROBINSON

embassy:
Ring Road East, East of Danquah Circle, Accra

mailing address:
P. O. Box 194, Accra

telephone:
[233] (21) 775348

FAX:
[233] (21) 776008
chief of mission: Ambassador Ann WAGNER


embassy: 22 Boulevard Emmanuel Servais, L-2535 Luxembourg City


mailing address: American Embassy Luxembourg, Unit 1410, APO AE 09126-1410 (official mail); American Embassy Luxembourg, PSC 9, Box 9500, APO AE 09123 (personal mail)


telephone: [352] 46 01 23


FAX: [352] 46 14 01
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Kobena KOOMSON

chancery:
3512 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 686-4520

FAX:
[1] (202) 686-4527

consulate(s) general:
New York
chief of mission: Ambassador Joseph WEYLAND


chancery: 2200 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 265-4171/72


FAX: [1] (202) 328-8270


consulate(s) general: New York, San Francisco
Disputes - international none none
Economic aid - donor - ODA, $235.6 million (2004)
Economic aid - recipient $477.3 million (1995) -
Economy - overview Well endowed with natural resources, Ghana has twice the per capita output of the poorer countries in West Africa. Even so, Ghana remains heavily dependent on international financial and technical assistance. Gold, timber, and cocoa production are major sources of foreign exchange. The domestic economy continues to revolve around subsistence agriculture, which accounts for 36% of GDP and employs 60% of the work force, mainly small landholders. In 1995-97, Ghana made mixed progress under a three-year structural adjustment program in cooperation with the IMF. On the minus side, public sector wage increases and regional peacekeeping commitments have led to continued inflationary deficit financing, depreciation of the cedi, and rising public discontent with Ghana's austerity measures. Political uncertainty and a depressed cocoa market led to disappointing growth in 2000. A rebound in the cocoa market should push growth over 4% in 2001-02. This stable, high-income economy - benefiting from its proximity to France, Belgium, and Germany - features solid growth, low inflation, and low unemployment. The industrial sector, initially dominated by steel, has become increasingly diversified to include chemicals, rubber, and other products. Growth in the financial sector, which now accounts for about 28% of GDP, has more than compensated for the decline in steel. Most banks are foreign-owned and have extensive foreign dealings. Agriculture is based on small family-owned farms. The economy depends on foreign and cross-border workers for about 60% of its labor force. Although Luxembourg, like all EU members, suffered from the global economic slump in the early part of this decade, the country continues to enjoy an extraordinarily high standard of living - GDP per capita ranks first in the world. After two years of strong economic growth in 2006-07, Luxembourg's economy probably will slow in 2008 as a result of turmoil in the world financial markets, but growth will remain above the European average.
Electricity - consumption 5.573 billion kWh (1999) 6.315 billion kWh (2005 est.)
Electricity - exports 400 million kWh (1999) 3.131 billion kWh (2005 est.)
Electricity - imports 890 million kWh (1999) 6.392 billion kWh (2005 est.)
Electricity - production 5.466 billion kWh (1999) 3.156 billion kWh (2005 est.)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
26.82%

hydro:
73.18%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
-
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Mount Afadjato 880 m
lowest point: Moselle River 133 m


highest point: Buurgplaatz 559 m
Environment - current issues recent drought in north severely affecting agricultural activities; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; poaching and habitat destruction threatens wildlife populations; water pollution; inadequate supplies of potable water air and water pollution in urban areas, soil pollution of farmland
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Marine Life Conservation
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification
Ethnic groups black African 99.8% (major tribes - Akan 44%, Moshi-Dagomba 16%, Ewe 13%, Ga 8%), European and other 0.2% Celtic base (with French and German blend), Portuguese, Italian, Slavs (from Montenegro, Albania, and Kosovo) and European (guest and resident workers)
Exchange rates cedis per US dollar - 6,895.77 (January 2001), 5,321.68 (2000), 2,647.32 (1999), 2,314.15 (1998), 2,050.17 (1997), 1,637.23 (1996) euros per US dollar - 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003)
Executive branch chief of state:
President John Agyekum KUFUOR (since 7 January 2001); Vice President Alhaji Aliu MAHAMA (since 7 January 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President John Agyekum KUFUOR (since 7 January 2001); Vice President Alhaji Aliu MAHAMA (since 7 January 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Council of Ministers; president nominates members subject to approval by Parliament

elections:
president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; election last held 7 and 28 December 2000 (next to be held NA December 2004)

election results:
John Agyekum KUFUOR elected president in runoff; percent of vote - John KUFUOR 56.4%, John Atta MILLS 43.6%
chief of state: Grand Duke HENRI (since 7 October 2000); Heir Apparent Prince GUILLAUME (son of the monarch)


head of government: Prime Minister Jean-Claude JUNCKER (since 20 January 1995); Deputy Prime Minister Jean ASSELBORN (since 31 July 2004)


cabinet: Council of Ministers recommended by the prime minister and appointed by the monarch


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; following popular elections to the Chamber of Deputies, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch; the deputy prime minister is appointed by the monarch; they are responsible to the Chamber of Deputies


note: government coalition - CSV and LSAP
Exports $1.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000) 283 bbl/day (2004)
Exports - commodities gold, cocoa, timber, tuna, bauxite, aluminum, manganese ore, diamonds machinery and equipment, steel products, chemicals, rubber products, glass
Exports - partners Togo, UK, Italy, Netherlands, Germany, US, France (1998) Germany 19.3%, France 15.5%, Italy 9.5%, UK 9.5%, Belgium 8.8%, Spain 5.3%, Netherlands 4.5% (2006)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green with a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Bolivia, which has a coat of arms centered in the yellow band three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and light blue; similar to the flag of the Netherlands, which uses a darker blue and is shorter; design was based on the flag of France
GDP purchasing power parity - $37.4 billion (2000 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
36%

industry:
25%

services:
39% (2000 est.)
agriculture: 1%


industry: 13%


services: 86% (2005 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,900 (2000 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 3% (2000 est.) 5% (2007 est.)
Geographic coordinates 8 00 N, 2 00 W 49 45 N, 6 10 E
Geography - note Lake Volta is the world's largest artificial lake; northeasterly harmattan wind (January to March) landlocked; the only Grand Duchy in the world
Heliports - 1 (2007)
Highways total:
39,409 km

paved:
11,653 km (including 30 km of expressways)

unpaved:
27,756 km (1997)
-
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
3.6%

highest 10%:
26.1% (1997)
lowest 10%: 3.5%


highest 10%: 23.8% (2000)
Illicit drugs illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; transit hub for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin and South American cocaine destined for Europe and the US -
Imports $2.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000) 61,070 bbl/day (2004)
Imports - commodities capital equipment, petroleum, foodstuffs minerals, metals, foodstuffs, quality consumer goods
Imports - partners UK, Nigeria, US, Germany, Italy, Spain (1998) Belgium 26.3%, Germany 20.1%, China 16.7%, France 8.5%, UK 5.5%, Netherlands 4.2% (2006)
Independence 6 March 1957 (from UK) 1839 (from the Netherlands)
Industrial production growth rate 4.2% (1996 est.) 4.3% (2006 est.)
Industries mining, lumbering, light manufacturing, aluminum smelting, food processing banking and financial services, iron and steel, information technology, telecommunications, cargo transportation, food processing, chemicals, metal products, engineering, tires, glass, aluminum, tourism
Infant mortality rate 56.54 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: 4.68 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 4.67 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 4.69 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 22.8% (2000 est.) 2.1% (2007 est.)
International organization participation ABEDA, ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, MINURSO, NAM, OAS (observer), OAU, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNMOT, UNTAET, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO ACCT, ADB (nonregional members), Australia Group, Benelux, CE, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNRWA, UPU, WCL, WCO, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) -
Irrigated land 60 sq km (1993 est.) NA
Judicial branch Supreme Court judicial courts and tribunals (3 Justices of the Peace, 2 district courts, and 1 Supreme Court of Appeals); administrative courts and tribunals (State Prosecutor's Office, administrative courts and tribunals, and the Constitutional Court); judges for all courts are appointed for life by the monarch
Labor force 9 million (2000 est.) 205,000 of whom 121,600 are foreign cross-border workers commuting primarily from France, Belgium, and Germany (2007 est.)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 60%, industry 15%, services 25% (1999 est.) agriculture: 1%


industry: 13%


services: 86% (2004 est.)
Land boundaries total:
2,093 km

border countries:
Burkina Faso 548 km, Cote d'Ivoire 668 km, Togo 877 km
total: 359 km


border countries: Belgium 148 km, France 73 km, Germany 138 km
Land use arable land:
12%

permanent crops:
7%

permanent pastures:
22%

forests and woodland:
35%

other:
24% (1993 est.)
arable land: 23.94%


permanent crops: 0.39%


other: 75.67% (includes Belgium) (2005)
Languages English (official), African languages (including Akan, Moshi-Dagomba, Ewe, and Ga) Luxembourgish (national language), German (administrative language), French (administrative language)
Legal system based on English common law and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction based on civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral Parliament (200 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held 7 December 2000 (next to be held NA December 2004)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NPP 100, NDC 92, PNC 3, CPP 1, independents 4
unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Chambre des Deputes (60 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 13 June 2004 (next to be held by June 2009)


election results: percent of vote by party - CSV 36.1%, LSAP 23.4%, DP 16.1%, Green Party 11.6%, ADR 10%, other 2.8%; seats by party - CSV 24, LSAP 14, DP 10, Green Party 7, ADR 5


note: there is also a Council of State that serves as an advisory body to the Chamber of Deputies; the Council of State has 21 members appointed by the Grand Duke on the advice of the prime minister
Life expectancy at birth total population:
57.24 years

male:
55.86 years

female:
58.66 years (2001 est.)
total population: 79.03 years


male: 75.76 years


female: 82.52 years (2007 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
64.5%

male:
75.9%

female:
53.5% (1995 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 100%


male: 100%


female: 100% (2000 est.)
Location Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Cote d'Ivoire and Togo Western Europe, between France and Germany
Map references Africa Europe
Maritime claims contiguous zone:
24 NM

continental shelf:
200 NM

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
none (landlocked)
Merchant marine total:
6 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 13,484 GRT/18,583 DWT

ships by type:
petroleum tanker 2, refrigerated cargo 4 (2000 est.)
total: 45 ships (1000 GRT or over) 682,955 GRT/858,985 DWT


by type: bulk carrier 7, chemical tanker 14, container 7, liquefied gas 2, passenger 3, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 4, roll on/roll off 7


foreign-owned: 44 (Belgium 9, France 14, Germany 10, Netherlands 1, UK 7, US 3) (2007)
Military branches Army, Navy, Air Force, National Police Force, Palace Guard, Civil Defense Army
Military expenditures - dollar figure $53 million (FY99) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 0.7% (FY99) 0.9% (2005 est.)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
4,890,483 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
2,713,584 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
213,237 (2001 est.)
-
National holiday Independence Day, 6 March (1957) National Day (Birthday of Grand Duchess Charlotte) 23 June; note - the actual date of birth was 23 January 1896, but the festivities were shifted by five months to allow observance during a more favorable time of year
Nationality noun:
Ghanaian(s)

adjective:
Ghanaian
noun: Luxembourger(s)


adjective: Luxembourg
Natural hazards dry, dusty, harmattan winds occur from January to March; droughts NA
Natural resources gold, timber, industrial diamonds, bauxite, manganese, fish, rubber, hydropower iron ore (no longer exploited), arable land
Net migration rate -0.83 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) 8.64 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Pipelines 0 km gas 155 km (2007)
Political parties and leaders Every Ghanaian Living Everywhere or EGLE [Owuraku AMOFA, chairman]; National Convention Party or NCP [Sarpong KUMA-KUMA]; National Democratic Congress or NDC [Dr. Huudu YAHAYA, general secretary]; New Patriotic Party or NPP [Samuel Arthur ODOI-SYKES]; People's Convention Party or PCP [P. K. DONKOH-AYIFI, acting chairman]; People's Heritage Party or PHP [Emmanuel Alexander ERSKINE]; People's National Convention or PNC [Edward MAHAMA] Alternative Democratic Reform Party or ADR [Robert MENLEN]; Christian Social People's Party or CSV [Francois BILTGEN] (also known as Christian Social Party or PCS); Democratic Party or DP [Claude MEISCH]; Green Party [Francois BAUSCH]; Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party or LSAP [Alex BODRY]; dei Lenk/la Gauche (the Left); other minor parties
Political pressure groups and leaders NA ABBL (bankers' association); ALEBA (financial sector trade union); Centrale Paysanne (federation of agricultural producers); CEP (professional sector chamber); CGFP (trade union representing civil service); Chambre de Commerce (Chamber of Commerce); Chambre des Metiers (Chamber of Artisans); FEDIL (federation of industrialists); Greenpeace (environment protection); LCGP (center-right trade union); Mouvement Ecologique (protection of ecology); OGBL (center-left trade union)
Population 19,894,014

note:
estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
480,222 (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line 31.4% (1992 est.) NA%
Population growth rate 1.79% (2001 est.) 1.207% (2007 est.)
Ports and harbors Takoradi, Tema -
Radio broadcast stations AM 0, FM 18, shortwave 3 (1999) AM 2, FM 9, shortwave 2 (1999)
Radios 4.4 million (1997) -
Railways total:
953 km (undergoing major rehabilitation)

narrow gauge:
953 km 1.067-m gauge (32 km double track) (1997 est.)
total: 275 km


standard gauge: 275 km 1.435-m gauge (243 km electrified) (2006)
Religions indigenous beliefs 38%, Muslim 30%, Christian 24%, other 8% Roman Catholic 87%, other (includes Protestant, Jewish, and Muslim) 13% (2000)
Sex ratio at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.01 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.98 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.91 male(s)/female

total population:
0.99 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.065 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.682 male(s)/female


total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Telephone system general assessment:
poor to fair system; Internet accessible; many rural communities not yet connected; expansion of services is underway

domestic:
primarily microwave radio relay; wireless local loop has been installed

international:
satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); microwave radio relay link to Panaftel system connects Ghana to its neighbors
general assessment: highly developed, completely automated and efficient system, mainly buried cables


domestic: nationwide cellular telephone system; market for mobile-cellular phones is virtually saturated with roughly 150 cellular phones per 100 persons


international: country code - 352
Telephones - main lines in use 200,000 (1998) 246,700 (2006)
Telephones - mobile cellular 30,000 (yearend 1998) 713,800 (2006)
Television broadcast stations 11 (1999) 5 (1999)
Terrain mostly low plains with dissected plateau in south-central area mostly gently rolling uplands with broad, shallow valleys; uplands to slightly mountainous in the north; steep slope down to Moselle flood plain in the southeast
Total fertility rate 3.82 children born/woman (2001 est.) 1.78 children born/woman (2007 est.)
Unemployment rate 20% (1997 est.) 4.4% (2007 est.)
Waterways 1,293 km

note:
Volta, Ankobra, and Tano Rivers provide 168 km of perennial navigation for launches and lighters; Lake Volta provides 1,125 km of arterial and feeder waterways
37 km (on Moselle River) (2007)
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