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Compare Djibouti (2008) - Djibouti (2001)

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 Djibouti (2008)Djibouti (2001)
 DjiboutiDjibouti
Administrative divisions 6 districts (cercles, singular - cercle); Ali Sabieh, Arta, Dikhil, Djibouti, Obock, Tadjourah 5 districts (cercles, singular - cercle); 'Ali Sabih, Dikhil, Djibouti, Obock, Tadjoura
Age structure 0-14 years: 43.4% (male 107,957/female 107,233)


15-64 years: 53.2% (male 137,111/female 126,952)


65 years and over: 3.4% (male 8,626/female 8,495) (2007 est.)
0-14 years:
42.58% (male 98,314; female 97,859)

15-64 years:
54.58% (male 132,619; female 118,841)

65 years and over:
2.84% (male 6,787; female 6,280) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products fruits, vegetables; goats, sheep, camels, animal hides fruits, vegetables; goats, sheep, camels
Airports 13 (2007) 12 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 3


over 3,047 m: 1


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2007)
total:
2

over 3,047 m:
1

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 10


1,524 to 2,437 m: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 5


under 914 m: 3 (2007)
total:
10

1,524 to 2,437 m:
2

914 to 1,523 m:
5

under 914 m:
3 (2000 est.)
Area total: 23,000 sq km


land: 22,980 sq km


water: 20 sq km
total:
22,000 sq km

land:
21,980 sq km

water:
20 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Massachusetts slightly smaller than Massachusetts
Background The French Territory of the Afars and the Issas became Djibouti in 1977. Hassan Gouled APTIDON installed an authoritarian one-party state and proceeded to serve as president until 1999. Unrest among the Afars minority during the 1990s led to a civil war that ended in 2001 following the conclusion of a peace accord between Afar rebels and the Issa-dominated government. In 1999, Djibouti's first multi-party presidential elections resulted in the election of Ismail Omar GUELLEH; he was re-elected to a second and final term in 2005. Djibouti occupies a strategic geographic location at the mouth of the Red Sea and serves as an important transshipment location for goods entering and leaving the east African highlands. The present leadership favors close ties to France, which maintains a significant military presence in the country, but also has strong ties with the US. Djibouti hosts the only US military base in sub-Saharan Africa and is a front-line state in the global war on terrorism. The French Territory of the Afars and the Issas became Djibouti in 1977. A peace accord in 1994 ended a three-year uprising by Afars rebels.
Birth rate 39.07 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) 40.66 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $135 million


expenditures: $182 million (1999 est.)
revenues:
$133 million

expenditures:
$187 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.)
Capital name: Djibouti


geographic coordinates: 11 35 N, 43 09 E


time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Djibouti
Climate desert; torrid, dry desert; torrid, dry
Coastline 314 km 314 km
Constitution multiparty constitution approved by referendum 4 September 1992 multiparty constitution approved by referendum 4 September 1992
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Djibouti


conventional short form: Djibouti


local long form: Republique de Djibouti/Jumhuriyat Jibuti


local short form: Djibouti/Jibuti


former: French Territory of the Afars and Issas, French Somaliland
conventional long form:
Republic of Djibouti

conventional short form:
Djibouti

former:
French Territory of the Afars and Issas, French Somaliland
Currency - Djiboutian franc (DJF)
Death rate 19.23 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) 14.66 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $428 million (2006) $356 million (1999 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador W. Stuart SYMINGTON


embassy: Plateau du Serpent, Boulevard Marechal Joffre, Djibouti


mailing address: B. P. 185, Djibouti


telephone: [253] 35 39 95


FAX: [253] 35 39 40
chief of mission:
Ambassador Donald YAMAMOTO

embassy:
Plateau du Serpent, Boulevard Marechal Joffre, Djibouti

mailing address:
B. P. 185, Djibouti

telephone:
[253] 35 39 95

FAX:
[253] 35 39 40
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Roble OLHAYE Oudine


chancery: Suite 515, 1156 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005


telephone: [1] (202) 331-0270


FAX: [1] (202) 331-0302
chief of mission:
Ambassador ROBLE Olhaye Oudine

chancery:
Suite 515, 1156 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005

telephone:
[1] (202) 331-0270

FAX:
[1] (202) 331-0302
Disputes - international Djibouti maintains economic ties and border accords with "Somaliland" leadership while maintaining some political ties to various factions in Somalia; thousands of Somali refugees await repatriation in UNHCR camps in Djibouti none
Economic aid - recipient $78.6 million (2005) $106.3 million (1995)
Economy - overview The economy is based on service activities connected with the country's strategic location and status as a free trade zone in the Horn of Africa. Two-thirds of Djibouti's inhabitants live in the capital city; the remainder are mostly nomadic herders. Scanty rainfall limits crop production to fruits and vegetables, and most food must be imported. Djibouti provides services as both a transit port for the region and an international transshipment and refueling center. Imports and exports from landlocked neighbor Ethiopia represent 85% of port activity at Djibouti's container terminal. Djibouti has few natural resources and little industry. The nation is, therefore, heavily dependent on foreign assistance to help support its balance of payments and to finance development projects. An unemployment rate of nearly 60% continues to be a major problem. While inflation is not a concern, due to the fixed tie of the Djiboutian franc to the US dollar, the artificially high value of the Djiboutian franc adversely affects Djibouti's balance of payments. Per capita consumption dropped an estimated 35% between 1999 and 2006 because of recession, civil war, and a high population growth rate (including immigrants and refugees). Faced with a multitude of economic difficulties, the government has fallen in arrears on long-term external debt and has been struggling to meet the stipulations of foreign aid donors. The economy is based on service activities connected with the country's strategic location and status as a free trade zone in northeast Africa. Two-thirds of the inhabitants live in the capital city, the remainder being mostly nomadic herders. Scanty rainfall limits crop production to fruits and vegetables, and most food must be imported. Djibouti provides services as both a transit port for the region and an international transshipment and refueling center. It has few natural resources and little industry. The nation is, therefore, heavily dependent on foreign assistance to help support its balance of payments and to finance development projects. An unemployment rate of 40% to 50% continues to be a major problem. Inflation is not a concern, however, because of the fixed tie of the franc to the US dollar. Per capita consumption dropped an estimated 35% over the last seven years because of recession, civil war, and a high population growth rate (including immigrants and refugees). Faced with a multitude of economic difficulties, the government has fallen in arrears on long-term external debt and has been struggling to meet the stipulations of foreign aid donors. The year 2001 will see only small growth as port activity should decrease now that Ethiopia has more trade route options.
Electricity - consumption 226.9 million kWh (2006) 167.4 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2006) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2006) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 306 million kWh (2006) 180 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Lac Assal -155 m


highest point: Moussa Ali 2,028 m
lowest point:
Lac Assal -155 m

highest point:
Moussa Ali 2,028 m
Environment - current issues inadequate supplies of potable water; limited arable land; desertification; endangered species inadequate supplies of potable water; desertification
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Somali 60%, Afar 35%, other 5% (includes French, Arab, Ethiopian, and Italian) Somali 60%, Afar 35%, French, Arab, Ethiopian, and Italian 5%
Exchange rates Djiboutian francs per US dollar - 177.71 (2007), 174.75 (2006), 177.72 (2005), 177.72 (2004), 177.72 (2003) Djiboutian francs per US dollar - 177.721 (fixed rate since 1973)
Executive branch chief of state: President Ismail Omar GUELLEH (since 8 May 1999)


head of government: Prime Minister Mohamed Dileita DILEITA (since 4 March 2001)


cabinet: Council of Ministers responsible to the president


elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 8 April 2005 (next to be held by April 2011); prime minister appointed by the president


election results: Ismail Omar GUELLEH reelected president; percent of vote - Ismail Omar GUELLEH 100%
chief of state:
President GUELLEH Ismail Omar (since 8 May 1999);

head of government:
Prime Minister DILLEITA Mohamed Dilleita (since 4 March 2001)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers responsible to the president

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a six-year term; election last held 9 April 1999 (next to be held NA 2005); prime minister appointed by the president

election results:
GUELLEH Ismail Omar elected president; percent of vote - GUELLEH Ismail Omar 74.4%, IDRIS Moussa Ahmed 25.6%
Exports 19.13 bbl/day (2004) $260 million (f.o.b., 1999 est.)
Exports - commodities reexports, hides and skins, coffee (in transit) reexports, hides and skins, coffee (in transit)
Exports - partners Somalia 66.2%, Ethiopia 21.4%, Yemen 3.4% (2006) Somalia 53%, Yemen 23%, Ethiopia 5%, (1998)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description two equal horizontal bands of light blue (top) and light green with a white isosceles triangle based on the hoist side bearing a red five-pointed star in the center two equal horizontal bands of light blue (top) and light green with a white isosceles triangle based on the hoist side bearing a red five-pointed star in the center
GDP - purchasing power parity - $574 million (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 3.2%


industry: 14.9%


services: 81.9% (2006)
agriculture:
3%

industry:
22%

services:
75% (1998 est.)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $1,300 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 3.5% (2006) 2% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 11 30 N, 43 00 E 11 30 N, 43 00 E
Geography - note strategic location near world's busiest shipping lanes and close to Arabian oilfields; terminus of rail traffic into Ethiopia; mostly wasteland; Lac Assal (Lake Assal) is the lowest point in Africa strategic location near world's busiest shipping lanes and close to Arabian oilfields; terminus of rail traffic into Ethiopia; mostly wasteland
Highways - total:
2,890 km

paved:
364 km

unpaved:
2,526 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Imports 11,860 bbl/day (2004) $440 million (f.o.b., 1999 est.)
Imports - commodities foods, beverages, transport equipment, chemicals, petroleum products foods, beverages, transport equipment, chemicals, petroleum products
Imports - partners Saudi Arabia 21.4%, India 17.9%, China 11%, Ethiopia 4.6% (2006) France 13%, Ethiopia 12%, Italy 9%, Saudi Arabia 6%, UK 6% (1998)
Independence 27 June 1977 (from France) 27 June 1977 (from France)
Industrial production growth rate 3% (1996 est.) 3% (1996 est.)
Industries construction, agricultural processing limited to a few small-scale enterprises, such as dairy products and mineral-water bottling
Infant mortality rate total: 100.77 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 108.35 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 92.96 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
101.51 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 3% (2005 est.) 2% (2000 est.)
International organization participation ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AU, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITU, ITUC, LAS, MIGA, MINURSO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW (signatory), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 1 (2000)
Irrigated land 10 sq km (2003) NA sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Cour Supreme Supreme Court or Cour Supreme
Labor force 282,000 (2000) 282,000
Labor force - by occupation agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
agriculture 75%, industry 11%, services 14% (1991 est.)
Land boundaries total: 516 km


border countries: Eritrea 109 km, Ethiopia 349 km, Somalia 58 km
total:
508 km

border countries:
Eritrea 113 km, Ethiopia 337 km, Somalia 58 km
Land use arable land: 0.04%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 99.96% (2005)
arable land:
0%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
9%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
91% (1993 est.)
Languages French (official), Arabic (official), Somali, Afar French (official), Arabic (official), Somali, Afar
Legal system based on French civil law system, traditional practices, and Islamic law; accepts ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations based on French civil law system, traditional practices, and Islamic law
Legislative branch unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Chambre des Deputes (65 seats; members elected by popular vote for five-year terms)


elections: last held 8 February 2008 (next to be held 2013)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats - UMP (coalition of parties associated with President Ismail Omar GUELLAH) 65
unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Chambre des Deputes (65 seats; members elected by popular vote for five-year terms)

elections:
last held 19 December 1997 (next to be held NA 2002)

election results:
percent of vote - NA%; seats - RPP 65; note - RPP (the ruling party) dominated the election
Life expectancy at birth total population: 43.25 years


male: 41.88 years


female: 44.65 years (2007 est.)
total population:
51.21 years

male:
49.37 years

female:
53.1 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 67.9%


male: 78%


female: 58.4% (2003 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
46.2%

male:
60.3%

female:
32.7% (1995 est.)
Location Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea, between Eritrea and Somalia Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea, between Eritrea and Somalia
Map references Africa Africa
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 24 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
contiguous zone:
24 NM

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine total: 1 ship (1000 GRT or over) 1,369 GRT/3,030 DWT


by type: cargo 1 (2007)
total:
1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,369 GRT/3,030 DWT

ships by type:
cargo 1 (2000 est.)
Military branches Djibouti National Army (includes Navy and Air Force) Djibouti National Army (includes Navy and Air Force)
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $23 million (FY97)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 3.8% (2006) 4.5% (FY97)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
108,038 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
63,589 (2001 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 27 June (1977) Independence Day, 27 June (1977)
Nationality noun: Djiboutian(s)


adjective: Djiboutian
noun:
Djiboutian(s)

adjective:
Djiboutian
Natural hazards earthquakes; droughts; occasional cyclonic disturbances from the Indian Ocean bring heavy rains and flash floods earthquakes; droughts; occasional cyclonic disturbances from the Indian Ocean bring heavy rains and flash floods
Natural resources geothermal areas, gold, clay, granite, limestone, marble, salt, diatomite, gypsum, pumice, petroleum geothermal areas
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Political parties and leaders Democratic National Party or PND [ADEN Robleh Awaleh]; Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Abdillahi HAMARITEH]; Djibouti Development Party or PDD [Mohamed Daoud CHEHEM]; Front pour la Restauration de l'Unite Democratique or FRUD [Ali Mohamed DAOUD]; People's Progress Assembly or RPP [Ismail Omar GUELLEH] (governing party); Peoples Social Democratic Party or PPSD [Moumin Bahdon FARAH]; Republican Alliance for Democracy or ARD; Union for a Presidential Majority or UMP (a coalition of parties including RPP, FRUD, PND, and PPSD); Union for Democracy and Justice or UDJ Democratic National Party or PND [ADEN Robleh Awaleh]; Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Abdillahi HAMARITEH]; People's Progress Assembly or RPP (governing party) [Ismail Omar GELLEH]
Political pressure groups and leaders Union for Presidential Majority UMP (coalition includes RPP, FRUD, PPSD and PND); Union for Democratic Changeover or UAD (opposition coalition includes ARD, MRDD, and UDJ) Front for the Restoration of Unity and Democracy or FRUD and affiliates; Movement for Unity and Democracy or MUD
Population 496,374 (July 2007 est.) 460,700 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line 42% (2007 est.) NA%
Population growth rate 1.984% (2007 est.) 2.6% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors - Djibouti
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (2001) AM 2, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios - 52,000 (1997)
Railways total: 100 km (Djibouti segment of the Addis Ababa-Djibouti railway)


narrow gauge: 100 km 1.000-m gauge


note: railway under joint control of Djibouti and Ethiopia but remains largely inoperable (2006)
total:
100 km (Djibouti segment of the Addis Ababa-Djibouti railroad)

narrow gauge:
100 km 1.000-m gauge

note:
Djibouti and Ethiopia plan to revitalize the century-old railroad that links their capitals by 2003
Religions Muslim 94%, Christian 6% Muslim 94%, Christian 6%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.007 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.08 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 1.015 male(s)/female


total population: 1.045 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.12 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
1.08 male(s)/female

total population:
1.07 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal NA years of age; universal adult
Telephone system general assessment: telephone facilities in the city of Djibouti are adequate, as are the microwave radio relay connections to outlying areas of the country


domestic: microwave radio relay network; mobile cellular coverage is limited to the area in and around Djibouti city


international: country code - 253; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3 optical telecommunications submarine cable with links to Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; Medarabtel regional microwave radio relay telephone network
general assessment:
telephone facilities in the city of Djibouti are adequate as are the microwave radio relay connections to outlying areas of the country

domestic:
microwave radio relay network

international:
submarine cable to Jiddah, Suez, Sicily, Marseilles, Colombo, and Singapore; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; Medarabtel regional microwave radio relay telephone network
Telephones - main lines in use 10,800 (2005) 8,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 44,100 (2005) 203 (1997)
Television broadcast stations 1 (2001) 1 (plus 5 low-power repeaters) (1998)
Terrain coastal plain and plateau separated by central mountains coastal plain and plateau separated by central mountains
Total fertility rate 5.23 children born/woman (2007 est.) 5.72 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 59% in urban areas, 83% in rural areas (2007 est.) 50% (2000 est.)
Waterways - none
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