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Compare Djibouti (2006) - Senegal (2001)

Compare Djibouti (2006) z Senegal (2001)

 Djibouti (2006)Senegal (2001)
 DjiboutiSenegal
Administrative divisions 6 districts (cercles, singular - cercle); Ali Sabieh, Arta, Dikhil, Djibouti, Obock, Tadjourah 10 regions (regions, singular - region); Dakar, Diourbel, Fatick, Kaolack, Kolda, Louga, Saint-Louis, Tambacounda, Thies, Ziguinchor
Age structure 0-14 years: 43.3% (male 105,760/female 105,068)


15-64 years: 53.3% (male 135,119/female 124,367)


65 years and over: 3.3% (male 8,183/female 8,033) (2006 est.)
0-14 years:
44.07% (male 2,279,996; female 2,252,255)

15-64 years:
52.88% (male 2,603,829; female 2,834,328)

65 years and over:
3.05% (male 155,877; female 158,644) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products fruits, vegetables; goats, sheep, camels, animal hides peanuts, millet, corn, sorghum, rice, cotton, tomatoes, green vegetables; cattle, poultry, pigs; fish
Airports 13 (2006) 20 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 3


over 3,047 m: 1


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2006)
total:
10

over 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
7

914 to 1,523 m:
2 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 10


1,524 to 2,437 m: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 5


under 914 m: 3 (2006)
total:
10

1,524 to 2,437 m:
5

914 to 1,523 m:
4

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Area total: 23,000 sq km


land: 22,980 sq km


water: 20 sq km
total:
196,190 sq km

land:
192,000 sq km

water:
4,190 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Massachusetts slightly smaller than South Dakota
Background The French Territory of the Afars and the Issas became Djibouti in 1977. Hassan Gouled APTIDON installed an authoritarian one-party state and proceeded to serve as president until 1999. Unrest among the Afars minority during the 1990s led to a civil war that ended in 2001 following the conclusion of a peace accord between Afar rebels and the Issa-dominated government. In 1999, Djibouti's first multi-party presidential elections resulted in the election of Ismail Omar GUELLEH; he was re-elected to a second and final term in 2005. Djibouti occupies a strategic geographic location at the mouth of the Red Sea and serves as an important transshipment location for goods entering and leaving the east African highlands. The present leadership favors close ties to France, which maintains a significant military presence in the country, but is also developing stronger ties with the US. Djibouti hosts the only US military base in sub-Saharan Africa and is a front-line state in the global war on terrorism. Independent from France in 1960, Senegal joined with The Gambia to form the nominal confederation of Senegambia in 1982. However, the envisaged integration of the two countries was never carried out, and the union was dissolved in 1989. Despite peace talks, a southern separatist group sporadically has clashed with government forces since 1982. Senegal has a long history of participating in international peacekeeping.
Birth rate 39.53 births/1,000 population (2006 est.) 37.46 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $135 million


expenditures: $182 million; including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.)
revenues:
$885 million

expenditures:
$885 million, including capital expenditures of $125 million (1996 est.)
Capital name: Djibouti


geographic coordinates: 11 30 N, 43 15 E


time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Dakar
Climate desert; torrid, dry tropical; hot, humid; rainy season (May to November) has strong southeast winds; dry season (December to April) dominated by hot, dry, harmattan wind
Coastline 314 km 531 km
Constitution multiparty constitution approved by referendum 4 September 1992 3 March 1963, revised 1991
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Djibouti


conventional short form: Djibouti


local long form: Republique de Djibouti/Jumhuriyat Jibuti


local short form: Djibouti/Jibuti


former: French Territory of the Afars and Issas, French Somaliland
conventional long form:
Republic of Senegal

conventional short form:
Senegal

local long form:
Republique du Senegal

local short form:
Senegal
Currency - Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States
Death rate 19.31 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.) 8.35 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $394 million (2004 est.) $4.1 billion (1998 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador W. Stuart SYMINGTON


embassy: Plateau du Serpent, Boulevard Marechal Joffre, Djibouti


mailing address: B. P. 185, Djibouti


telephone: [253] 35 39 95


FAX: [253] 35 39 40
chief of mission:
Ambassador Harriet L. ELAM-THOMAS

embassy:
Avenue Jean XXIII at the corner of Rue Kleber, Dakar

mailing address:
B. P. 49, Dakar

telephone:
[221] 823-4296, 823-7384

FAX:
[221] 822-2991
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Roble OLHAYE Oudine


chancery: Suite 515, 1156 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005


telephone: [1] (202) 331-0270


FAX: [1] (202) 331-0302
chief of mission:
Ambassador Mamadou Mansour SECK

chancery:
2112 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 234-0540
Disputes - international Djibouti maintains economic ties and border accords with "Somaliland" leadership while maintaining some political ties to various factions in Somalia; thousands of Somali refugees await repatriation in UNHCR camps in Djibouti none
Economic aid - recipient $64.1 million (2004) $647.5 million (1995)
Economy - overview The economy is based on service activities connected with the country's strategic location and status as a free trade zone in northeast Africa. Two-thirds of the inhabitants live in the capital city; the remainder are mostly nomadic herders. Scanty rainfall limits crop production to fruits and vegetables, and most food must be imported. Djibouti provides services as both a transit port for the region and an international transshipment and refueling center. Djibouti has few natural resources and little industry. The nation is, therefore, heavily dependent on foreign assistance to help support its balance of payments and to finance development projects. An unemployment rate of at least 50% continues to be a major problem. While inflation is not a concern, due to the fixed tie of the Djiboutian franc to the US dollar, the artificially high value of the Djiboutian franc adversely affects Djibouti's balance of payments. Per capita consumption dropped an estimated 35% over the last seven years because of recession, civil war, and a high population growth rate (including immigrants and refugees). Faced with a multitude of economic difficulties, the government has fallen in arrears on long-term external debt and has been struggling to meet the stipulations of foreign aid donors. In January 1994, Senegal undertook a bold and ambitious economic reform program with the support of the international donor community. This reform began with a 50% devaluation of Senegal's currency, the CFA franc, which is linked at a fixed rate to the French franc. Government price controls and subsidies have been steadily dismantled. After seeing its economy contract by 2.1% in 1993, Senegal made an important turnaround, thanks to the reform program, with real growth in GDP averaging 5% annually in 1995-99. Annual inflation has been pushed down to 2%, and the fiscal deficit has been cut to less than 1.5% of GDP. Investment rose steadily from 13.8% of GDP in 1993 to 16.5% in 1997. As a member of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA), Senegal is working toward greater regional integration with a unified external tariff. Senegal also realized full Internet connectivity in 1996, creating a miniboom in information technology-based services. Private activity now accounts for 82% of GDP. On the negative side, Senegal faces deep-seated urban problems of chronic unemployment, juvenile delinquency, and drug addiction. Real GDP growth is expected to rise above 6%, while inflation is likely to hold at 2% in 2001-02.
Electricity - consumption 223.2 million kWh (2003) 1.181 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2003) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2003) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 240 million kWh (2003) 1.27 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Lac Assal -155 m


highest point: Moussa Ali 2,028 m
lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:
unnamed feature near Nepen Diakha 581 m
Environment - current issues inadequate supplies of potable water; limited arable land; desertification; endangered species wildlife populations threatened by poaching; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; overfishing
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified:
Marine Dumping
Ethnic groups Somali 60%, Afar 35%, French, Arab, Ethiopian, and Italian 5% Wolof 43.3%, Pular 23.8%, Serer 14.7%, Jola 3.7%, Mandinka 3%, Soninke 1.1%, European and Lebanese 1%, other 9.4%
Exchange rates Djiboutian francs per US dollar - 177.72 (2005), 177.72 (2004), 177.72 (2003), 177.72 (2002), 177.72 (2001) Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 699.21 (January 2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997), 511.55 (1966); note - from 1 January 1999, the XOF is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XOF per euro
Executive branch chief of state: President Ismail Omar GUELLEH (since 8 May 1999)


head of government: Prime Minister Mohamed Dileita DILEITA (since 4 March 2001)


cabinet: Council of Ministers responsible to the president


elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 8 April 2005 (next to be held by April 2011); prime minister appointed by the president


election results: Ismail Omar GUELLEH reelected president; percent of vote - Ismail Omar GUELLEH 100%
chief of state:
President Abdoulaye WADE (since 1 April 2000)

head of government:
Prime Minister Madior BOYE (since 3 March 2001)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister in consultation with the president

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; election last held 27 February and 19 March 2000 (next to be held 27 February 2007); prime minister appointed by the president

election results:
Abdoulaye WADE elected president; percent of vote in the second round of voting - Abdoulaye WADE (PDS) 58.49%, Abdou DIOUF (PS) 41.51%
Exports NA bbl/day $959 million (f.o.b., 2000)
Exports - commodities reexports, hides and skins, coffee (in transit) fish, ground nuts (peanuts), petroleum products, phosphates, cotton
Exports - partners Somalia 55.2%, Yemen 19.5%, Ethiopia 17.9% (2005) France 17%, India 17%, Italy 12%, Spain 6%, Mali 6%, Cote d'Ivoire 4% (1999)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description two equal horizontal bands of light blue (top) and light green with a white isosceles triangle based on the hoist side bearing a red five-pointed star in the center three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red with a small green five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
GDP - purchasing power parity - $16 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 17.9%


industry: 22.5%


services: 59.6% (2001 est.)
agriculture:
19%

industry:
20%

services:
61% (1997 est.)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $1,600 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 3.2% (2005 est.) 5.7% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 11 30 N, 43 00 E 14 00 N, 14 00 W
Geography - note strategic location near world's busiest shipping lanes and close to Arabian oilfields; terminus of rail traffic into Ethiopia; mostly wasteland; Lac Assal (Lake Assal) is the lowest point in Africa The Gambia is almost an enclave of Senegal
Highways - total:
14,576 km

paved:
4,271 km

unpaved:
10,305 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%:
1.4%

highest 10%:
42.8% (1991)
Illicit drugs - transshipment point for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin moving to Europe and North America; illicit cultivator of cannabis
Imports NA bbl/day $1.3 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Imports - commodities foods, beverages, transport equipment, chemicals, petroleum products foods and beverages, consumer goods, capital goods, petroleum products
Imports - partners Saudi Arabia 21.7%, India 18.5%, China 10%, Ethiopia 4.8%, France 4.5%, US 4.3%, Japan 4.2% (2005) France 30%, Nigeria 7%, Italy 6%, Thailand 5%, Germany 4%, US 4% (1999)
Independence 27 June 1977 (from France) 4 April 1960 (from France); complete independence was achieved upon dissolution of federation with Mali on 20 August 1960
Industrial production growth rate 3% (1996 est.) 7% (1998 est.)
Industries construction, agricultural processing, salt agricultural and fish processing, phosphate mining, fertilizer production, petroleum refining, construction materials
Infant mortality rate total: 102.44 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 110.07 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 94.58 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
56.75 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 3% (2005 est.) 1.5% (2000 est.)
International organization participation ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AU, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITU, LAS, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW (signatory), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, MINURSO, MIPONUH, MONUC, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNTAET, UPU, WADB, WAEMU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 1 (2000)
Irrigated land 10 sq km (2003) 710 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Cour Supreme Constitutional Court; Council of State; Court of Final Appeals or Cour de Cassation; Court of Appeals; note-the judicial system was reformed in 1992
Labor force 282,000 (2000) NA
Labor force - by occupation agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
agriculture 60%
Land boundaries total: 516 km


border countries: Eritrea 109 km, Ethiopia 349 km, Somalia 58 km
total:
2,640 km

border countries:
The Gambia 740 km, Guinea 330 km, Guinea-Bissau 338 km, Mali 419 km, Mauritania 813 km
Land use arable land: 0.04%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 99.96% (2005)
arable land:
12%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
16%

forests and woodland:
54%

other:
18% (1993 est.)
Languages French (official), Arabic (official), Somali, Afar French (official), Wolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka
Legal system based on French civil law system, traditional practices, and Islamic law based on French civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Court; the Council of State audits the government's accounting office; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Chambre des Deputes (65 seats; members elected by popular vote for five-year terms)


elections: last held 10 January 2003 (next to be held January 2008)


election results: percent of vote - RPP 62.2%, FRUD 36.9%; seats - RPP 65, FRUD 0; note - RPP (the ruling party) dominated the election
unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (120 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms)

note:
the former National Assembly, dissolved in the spring of 2001, had 140 seats

elections:
last held 29 April 2001 (next to be held NA 2006)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - SOPI Coalition 89, AFP 11, PS 10, other 10
Life expectancy at birth total population: 43.17 years


male: 41.86 years


female: 44.52 years (2006 est.)
total population:
62.56 years

male:
60.94 years

female:
64.22 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 67.9%


male: 78%


female: 58.4% (2003 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
33.1%

male:
43%

female:
23.2% (1995 est.)
Location Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea, between Eritrea and Somalia Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau and Mauritania
Map references Africa Africa
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 24 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
contiguous zone:
24 NM

continental shelf:
200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine total: 1 ship (1000 GRT or over) 1,369 GRT/3,030 DWT


by type: cargo 1 (2006)
-
Military branches Djibouti National Army (includes Navy and Air Force) Army, Navy, Air Force, National Gendarmerie, National Police (Surete Nationale)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $29.05 million (2005 est.) $68 million (FY97)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 4.3% (2005 est.) 1.4% (FY97)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
2,311,063 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
1,207,360 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 18 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males:
114,189 (2001 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 27 June (1977) Independence Day, 4 April (1960)
Nationality noun: Djiboutian(s)


adjective: Djiboutian
noun:
Senegalese (singular and plural)

adjective:
Senegalese
Natural hazards earthquakes; droughts; occasional cyclonic disturbances from the Indian Ocean bring heavy rains and flash floods lowlands seasonally flooded; periodic droughts
Natural resources geothermal areas, gold, clay, granite, limestone, marble, salt, diatomite, gypsum, pumice, petroleum fish, phosphates, iron ore
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.) 0.21 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Political parties and leaders Democratic National Party or PND [ADEN Robleh Awaleh]; Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Abdillahi HAMARITEH]; Djibouti Development Party or PDD [Mohamed Daoud CHEHEM]; Front pour la Restauration de l'Unite Democratique or FRUD [Ali Mohamed DAOUD]; People's Progress Assembly or RPP [Ismail Omar GUELLEH] (governing party); Peoples Social Democratic Party or PPSD [Moumin Bahdon FARAH]; Republican Alliance for Democracy or ARD [Ahmed Dini AHMED]; Union for Democracy and Justice or UDJ African Party for Democracy and Socialism or And Jef (also known as PADS/AJ) [Landing SAVANE, secretary general]; African Party of Independence [Majhemout DIOP]; Alliance of Forces of Progress or AFP [Moustapha NIASSE]; Democratic and Patriotic Convention or CDP (also known as Garab-Gi) [Dr. Iba Der THIAM]; Democratic League-Labor Party Movement or LD-MPT [Dr. Abdoulaye BATHILY]; Front for Socialism and Democracy or FSD [Cheikh Abdoulaye DIEYE]; Gainde Centrist Bloc or BGC [Jean-Paul DIAS]; Independence and Labor Party or PIT [Amath DANSOKHO]; National Democratic Rally or RND [Madier DIOUF]; Senegalese Democratic Party or PDS [Abdoulaye WADE]; Senegalese Democratic Party-Renewal or PDS-R [Serigne Lamine DIOP, secretary general]; Senegalese Democratic Union-Renewal or UDS-R [Mamadou Puritain FALL]; Socialist Party or PS [President Abdou DIOUF]; SOPI Coalition (a 40-party coalition led by the PDS) [Abdoulaye WADE]; Union for Democratic Renewal or URD [Djibo Leyti KA]; other small parties
Political pressure groups and leaders Union for Presidential Majority UMP (coalition includes RPP, FRUD, PPSD and PND); Union for Democratic Changeover or UAD (opposition coalition includes ARD, MRDD, UDJ, and PDD) [Ahmed Dini AHMED] labor; Muslim brotherhoods; students; teachers
Population 486,530 (July 2006 est.) 10,284,929 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line 50% (2001 est.) NA%
Population growth rate 2.02% (2006 est.) 2.93% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors - Dakar, Kaolack, Matam, Podor, Richard Toll, Saint-Louis, Ziguinchor
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (2001) AM 10, FM 14, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios - 1.24 million (1997)
Railways total: 100 km (Djibouti segment of the Addis Ababa-Djibouti railway)


narrow gauge: 100 km 1.000-m gauge


note: railway under joint control of Djibouti and Ethiopia (2005)
total:
906 km

narrow gauge:
906 km 1.000-meter gauge (70 km double track)
Religions Muslim 94%, Christian 6% Muslim 92%, indigenous beliefs 6%, Christian 2% (mostly Roman Catholic)
Sex ratio at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.09 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 1.02 male(s)/female


total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.01 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.92 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.98 male(s)/female

total population:
0.96 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal adult 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: telephone facilities in the city of Djibouti are adequate, as are the microwave radio relay connections to outlying areas of the country


domestic: microwave radio relay network


international: country code - 253; submarine cable to Jiddah, Suez, Sicily, Marseille, Colombo, and Singapore; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; Medarabtel regional microwave radio relay telephone network
general assessment:
good system

domestic:
above-average urban system; microwave radio relay, coaxial cable and fiber-optic cable in trunk system

international:
4 submarine cables; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 11,100 (2004) 116,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 34,500 (2004) 1,149 (1996)
Television broadcast stations 1 (2002) 1 (1997)
Terrain coastal plain and plateau separated by central mountains generally low, rolling, plains rising to foothills in southeast
Total fertility rate 5.31 children born/woman (2006 est.) 5.12 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 50% (2004 est.) NA%; urban youth 40%
Waterways - 897 km

note:
785 km on the Senegal river, and 112 km on the Saloum river
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