Compare Djibouti (2003) - Mozambique (2005)

Compare Djibouti (2003) z Mozambique (2005)

	Djibouti (2003)	Mozambique (2005)

Administrative divisions	5 districts (cercles, singular - cercle); 'Ali Sabih, Dikhil, Djibouti, Obock, Tadjoura	10 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia), 1 city (cidade); Cabo Delgado, Gaza, Inhambane, Manica, Maputo, Cidade de Maputo, Nampula, Niassa, Sofala, Tete, Zambezia
Age structure	0-14 years: 43.1% (male 98,796; female 98,202) 15-64 years: 53.9% (male 129,492; female 116,953) 65 years and over: 3% (male 6,933; female 6,754) (2003 est.)	0-14 years: 43.1% (male 4,206,654/female 4,157,898) 15-64 years: 54.1% (male 5,088,250/female 5,416,573) 65 years and over: 2.8% (male 224,682/female 312,646) (2005 est.)
Agriculture - products	fruits, vegetables; goats, sheep, camels	cotton, cashew nuts, sugarcane, tea, cassava (tapioca), corn, coconuts, sisal, citrus and tropical fruits, potatoes, sunflowers; beef, poultry
Airports	13 (2002)	158 (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 3 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1524 to 2437 m: 1 (2002)	total: 22 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 10 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 5 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 10 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 3 (2002)	total: 136 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 14 914 to 1,523 m: 34 under 914 m: 87 (2004 est.)
Area	total: 23,000 sq km land: 22,980 sq km water: 20 sq km	total: 801,590 sq km land: 784,090 sq km water: 17,500 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than Massachusetts	slightly less than twice the size of California
Background	The French Territory of the Afars and the Issas became Djibouti in 1977. Hassan Gouled APTIDON installed an authoritarian one-party state and proceeded to serve three consecutive six-year terms as president. Unrest among the Afars minority during the 1990's led to multi-party elections resulting in President Ismail Omar GUELLEH attaining office in May 1999. A peace accord in 2001 ended the final phases of a ten-year uprising by Afar rebels. Djibouti occupies a very strategic geographic location at the mouth of the Red Sea and serves as an important transshipment location for goods entering and leaving the east African highlands. GUELLEH favors close ties to France, which maintains a significant military presence in the country.	Almost five centuries as a Portuguese colony came to a close with independence in 1975. Large-scale emigration by whites, economic dependence on South Africa, a severe drought, and a prolonged civil war hindered the country's development. The ruling Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (FRELIMO) party formally abandoned Marxism in 1989, and a new constitution the following year provided for multiparty elections and a free market economy. A UN-negotiated peace agreement between FRELIMO and rebel Mozambique National Resistance (RENAMO) forces ended the fighting in 1992. In December 2004, Mozambique underwent a delicate transition as Joaquim CHISSANO stepped down after 18 years in office. His newly elected successor, Armando Emilio GUEBUZA, has promised to continue the sound economic policies that have encouraged foreign investment.
Birth rate	40.78 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)	35.79 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Budget	revenues: $135 million expenditures: $182 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.)	revenues: $1.186 billion expenditures: $1.398 billion, including capital expenditures of $479.4 million (2004 est.)
Capital	Djibouti	Maputo
Climate	desert; torrid, dry	tropical to subtropical
Coastline	314 km	2,470 km
Constitution	multiparty constitution approved by referendum 4 September 1992	30 November 1990
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Djibouti conventional short form: Djibouti former: French Territory of the Afars and Issas, French Somaliland	conventional long form: Republic of Mozambique conventional short form: Mozambique local long form: Republica de Mocambique local short form: Mocambique former: Portuguese East Africa
Currency	Djiboutian franc (DJF)	-
Death rate	19.45 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)	20.99 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Debt - external	$366 million (2002 est.)	$966 million (2002 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Donald YAMAMOTO embassy: Plateau du Serpent, Boulevard Marechal Joffre, Djibouti mailing address: B. P. 185, Djibouti telephone: [253] 35 39 95 FAX: [253] 35 39 40	chief of mission: Ambassador Helen LA LIME embassy: Avenida Kenneth Kuanda 193, Maputo mailing address: P. O. Box 783, Maputo telephone: [258] (1) 492797 FAX: [258] (1) 490448
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador ROBLE Olhaye chancery: Suite 515, 1156 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005 telephone: [1] (202) 331-0270 FAX: [1] (202) 331-0302	chief of mission: Ambassador Armando PANGUENE chancery: 1990 M Street NW, Suite 570, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 293-7146 FAX: [1] (202) 835-0245
Disputes - international	Djibouti maintains economic ties and border accords with "Somaliland" leadership while maintaining some political ties to various factions in Somalia including the Somali Transitional National Government in Mogadishu	none
Economic aid - recipient	$36 million (2001)	$632.8 million (2001)
Economy - overview	The economy is based on service activities connected with the country's strategic location and status as a free trade zone in northeast Africa. Two-thirds of the inhabitants live in the capital city, the remainder being mostly nomadic herders. Scanty rainfall limits crop production to fruits and vegetables, and most food must be imported. Djibouti provides services as both a transit port for the region and an international transshipment and refueling center. It has few natural resources and little industry. The nation is, therefore, heavily dependent on foreign assistance to help support its balance of payments and to finance development projects. An unemployment rate of 50% continues to be a major problem. Inflation is not a concern, however, because of the fixed tie of the franc to the US dollar. Per capita consumption dropped an estimated 35% over the last seven years because of recession, civil war, and a high population growth rate (including immigrants and refugees). Faced with a multitude of economic difficulties, the government has fallen in arrears on long-term external debt and has been struggling to meet the stipulations of foreign aid donors. Another factor limiting growth is the negative impact on port activity now that Ethiopia has more trade route options.	At independence in 1975, Mozambique was one of the world's poorest countries. Socialist mismanagement and a brutal civil war from 1977-92 exacerbated the situation. In 1987, the government embarked on a series of macroeconomic reforms designed to stabilize the economy. These steps, combined with donor assistance and with political stability since the multi-party elections in 1994, have led to dramatic improvements in the country's growth rate. Inflation was reduced to single digits during the late 1990s although it returned to double digits in 2000-03. Fiscal reforms, including the introduction of a value-added tax and reform of the customs service, have improved the government's revenue collection abilities. In spite of these gains, Mozambique remains dependent upon foreign assistance for much of its annual budget, and the majority of the population remains below the poverty line. Subsistence agriculture continues to employ the vast majority of the country's workforce. A substantial trade imbalance persists although the opening of the MOZAL aluminum smelter, the country's largest foreign investment project to date has increased export earnings. Additional investment projects in titanium extraction and processing and garment manufacturing should further close the import/export gap. Mozambique's once substantial foreign debt has been reduced through forgiveness and rescheduling under the IMF's Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) and Enhanced HIPC initiatives, and is now at a manageable level.
Electricity - consumption	167.4 million kWh (2001)	5.046 billion kWh (2002)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2001)	7.1 billion kWh (2002)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2001)	3.907 billion kWh (2002)
Electricity - production	180 million kWh (2001)	8.859 billion kWh (2002)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Lac Assal -155 m highest point: Moussa Ali 2,028 m	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Monte Binga 2,436 m
Environment - current issues	inadequate supplies of potable water; limited arable land; desertification; endangered species	a long civil war and recurrent drought in the hinterlands have resulted in increased migration of the population to urban and coastal areas with adverse environmental consequences; desertification; pollution of surface and coastal waters; elephant poaching for ivory is a problem
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	Somali 60%, Afar 35%, French, Arab, Ethiopian, and Italian 5%	indigenous tribal groups 99.66% (Makhuwa, Tsonga, Lomwe, Sena, and others), Europeans 0.06%, Euro-Africans 0.2%, Indians 0.08%
Exchange rates	Djiboutian francs per US dollar - 177.72 (2002), 177.72 (2001), 177.72 (2000), 177.72 (1999), 177.72 (1998)	meticais per US dollar - 22,581 (2004), 23,782 (2003), 23,678 (2002), 20,704 (2001), 15,227 (2000) note: effective October 2000, the exchange rate is determined as the weighted average of buying and selling exchange rates of all transactions of commercial banks and stock exchanges with the public
Executive branch	chief of state: President Ismail Omar GUELLEH (since 8 May 1999) head of government: Prime Minister DILEITA Mohamed Dileita (since 4 March 2001) cabinet: Council of Ministers responsible to the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term; election last held 9 April 1999 (next to be held NA 2005); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Ismail Omar GUELLEH elected president; percent of vote - Ismail Omar GUELLEH 74.4%, IDRIS Moussa Ahmed 25.6%	chief of state: President Armando GUEBUZA (since 2 February 2005) head of government: Prime Minister Luisa DIOGO (since 17 February 2004) cabinet: Cabinet elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 1-2 December 2004 (next to be held December 2009); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Armando GUEBUZA elected president; percent of vote - Armando GUEBUZA 63.7%, Afonso DHLAKAMA 31.7%
Exports	NA (2001)	NA
Exports - commodities	reexports, hides and skins, coffee (in transit)	aluminum, prawns, cashews, cotton, sugar, citrus, timber; bulk electricity
Exports - partners	Somalia 56.7%, Yemen 24.4%, Pakistan 4.8%, Ethiopia 4.4%, UAE 4.1% (2002)	Netherlands 60.9%, South Africa 12.9%, Malawi 3.3% (2004)
Fiscal year	calendar year	calendar year
Flag description	two equal horizontal bands of light blue (top) and light green with a white isosceles triangle based on the hoist side bearing a red five-pointed star in the center	three equal horizontal bands of green (top), black, and yellow with a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; the black band is edged in white; centered in the triangle is a yellow five-pointed star bearing a crossed rifle and hoe in black superimposed on an open white book
GDP	purchasing power parity - $619 million (2002 est.)	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 3.5% industry: 15.8% services: 80.7% (2001 est.)	agriculture: 21.1% industry: 32.1% services: 46.9% (2004 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $1,300 (2002 est.)	purchasing power parity - $1,200 (2004 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	3.5% (2002 est.)	8.2% (2004 est.)
Geographic coordinates	11 30 N, 43 00 E	18 15 S, 35 00 E
Geography - note	strategic location near world's busiest shipping lanes and close to Arabian oilfields; terminus of rail traffic into Ethiopia; mostly wasteland; Lac Assal (Lake Assal) is the lowest point in Africa	the Zambezi flows through the north-central and most fertile part of the country
Highways	total: 2,890 km paved: 364 km unpaved: 2,526 km (1999 est.)	total: 30,400 km paved: 5,685 km unpaved: 24,715 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: 2.5% highest 10%: 31.7% (1997)
Illicit drugs	-	Southern African transit point for South Asian hashish and heroin, and South American cocaine probably destined for the European and South African markets; producer of cannabis (for local consumption) and methaqualone (for export to South Africa); corruption and poor regulatory capability makes the banking system vulnerable to money laundering, but the lack of a well-developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center
Imports	NA (2001)	NA
Imports - commodities	foods, beverages, transport equipment, chemicals, petroleum products	machinery and equipment, vehicles, fuel, chemicals, metal products, foodstuffs, textiles
Imports - partners	Saudi Arabia 18.2%, Ethiopia 10.5%, US 9.2%, France 8.6%, China 8.2%, Netherlands 4.1% (2002)	South Africa 41.4%, Netherlands 11%, Portugal 3.3% (2004)
Independence	27 June 1977 (from France)	25 June 1975 (from Portugal)
Industrial production growth rate	3% (1996 est.)	3.4% (2000)
Industries	construction, agricultural processing	food, beverages, chemicals (fertilizer, soap, paints), aluminum, petroleum products, textiles, cement, glass, asbestos, tobacco
Infant mortality rate	total: 106.96 deaths/1,000 live births male: 114.8 deaths/1,000 live births female: 98.88 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)	total: 130.79 deaths/1,000 live births male: 135.91 deaths/1,000 live births female: 125.51 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	2% (2002 est.)	12.8% (2004 est.)
International organization participation	ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW (signatory), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO	ACP, AfDB, AU, C, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OIC, ONUB, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMISET, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	1 (2000)	-
Irrigated land	10 sq km (1998 est.)	1,070 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Supreme Court or Cour Supreme	Supreme Court (the court of final appeal; some of its professional judges are appointed by the president and some are elected by the Assembly); other courts include an Administrative Court, customs courts, maritime courts, courts marshal, labor courts note: although the constitution provides for a separate Constitutional Court, one has never been established; in its absence the Supreme Court reviews constitutional cases
Labor force	282,000	9.2 million (2000 est.)
Labor force - by occupation	NA%	agriculture 81%, industry 6%, services 13% (1997 est.)
Land boundaries	total: 516 km border countries: Eritrea 109 km, Ethiopia 349 km, Somalia 58 km	total: 4,571 km border countries: Malawi 1,569 km, South Africa 491 km, Swaziland 105 km, Tanzania 756 km, Zambia 419 km, Zimbabwe 1,231 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)	arable land: 5.1% permanent crops: 0.3% other: 94.6% (2001)
Languages	French (official), Arabic (official), Somali, Afar	Emakhuwa 26.1%, Xichangana 11.3%, Portuguese 8.8% (official; spoken by 27% of population as a second language), Elomwe 7.6%, Cisena 6.8%, Echuwabo 5.8%, other Mozambican languages 32%, other foreign languages 0.3%, unspecified 1.3% (1997 census)
Legal system	based on French civil law system, traditional practices, and Islamic law	based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law
Legislative branch	unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Chambre des Deputes (65 seats; members elected by popular vote for five-year terms) elections: last held 10 January 2003 (next to be held NA January 2008) election results: percent of vote - RPP 62.2%, FRUD 36.9%; seats - RPP 65, FRUD 0; note - RPP (the ruling party) dominated the election	unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (250 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote on a secret ballot to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 1-2 December 2004 (next to be held December 2009) election results: percent of vote by party - Frelimo 62%, Renamo 29.7%; seats by party - Frelimo 160, Renamo 90
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 43.13 years male: 41.82 years female: 44.48 years (2003 est.)	total population: 40.32 years male: 39.9 years female: 40.75 years (2005 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 67.9% male: 78% female: 58.4% (2003 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 47.8% male: 63.5% female: 32.7% (2003 est.)
Location	Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea, between Eritrea and Somalia	South-eastern Africa, bordering the Mozambique Channel, between South Africa and Tanzania
Map references	Africa	Africa
Maritime claims	contiguous zone: 24 NM exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine	-	total: 2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 4,125 GRT/7,024 DWT by type: cargo 2 foreign-owned: 2 (Belgium 2) (2005)
Military branches	Djibouti National Army (including Navy and Air Force)	Mozambique Armed Defense Forces: Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces, Logistics Command
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$26.53 million (FY02)	$117.3 million (2004)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	4.4% (FY02)	2.2% (2004)
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 107,050 (2003 est.)	-
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 63,459 (2003 est.)	-
National holiday	Independence Day, 27 June (1977)	Independence Day, 25 June (1975)
Nationality	noun: Djiboutian(s) adjective: Djiboutian	noun: Mozambican(s) adjective: Mozambican
Natural hazards	earthquakes; droughts; occasional cyclonic disturbances from the Indian Ocean bring heavy rains and flash floods	severe droughts; devastating cyclones and floods in central and southern provinces
Natural resources	geothermal areas	coal, titanium, natural gas, hydropower, tantalum, graphite
Net migration rate	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Pipelines	-	gas 649 km; refined products 292 km (2004)
Political parties and leaders	Democratic National Party or PND [ADEN Robleh Awaleh]; Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Abdillahi HAMARITEH]; Djibouti Development Party or PDD [Mohamed Daoud CHEHEM]; Front pour la Restauration de l'Unite Democratique or FRUD [Ali Mohamed DAOUD]; People's Progress Assembly or RPP (governing party) [Ismail Omar GUELLEH]; Peoples Social Democratic Party or PPSD [Moumin Bahdon FARAH]; Republican Alliance for Democracy or ARD [Ahmed Dini AHMED]; Union for Democracy and Justice or UDJ [leader NA]	Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (Frente de Liberatacao de Mocambique) or FRELIMO [Armando Emilio GUEBUZA, president]; Mozambique National Resistance-Electoral Union (Resistencia Nacional Mocambicana-Uniao Eleitoral) or RENAMO-UE [Afonso DHLAKAMA, president]
Political pressure groups and leaders	Union for Presidential Majority UMP (coalition includes RPP, FRUD, PPSD and PND); Union for Democratic Changeover or UAD (opposition coalition includes ARD, MRDD, UDJ, and PDD) [Ahmed Dini AHMED]	Institute for Peace and Democracy (Instituto para Paz e Democracia) or IPADE [Raul DOMINGOS, president]; Etica [Abdul CARIMO Issa, chairman]; Movement for Peace and Citizenship (Movimento para Paz e Cidadania); Mozambican League of Human Rights (Liga Mocambicana dos Direitos Humanos) or LDH [Alice MABOTE, president]; Human Rights and Development (Direitos Humanos e Desenvolvimento) or DHD [Artemisia FRANCO, secretary general]
Population	457,130 (July 2003 est.)	19,406,703 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected; the 1997 Mozambican census reported a population of 16,099,246 (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line	50% (2001 est.)	70% (2001 est.)
Population growth rate	2.13% (2003 est.)	1.48% (2005 est.)
Ports and harbors	Djibouti	Beira, Maputo, Nacala
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (2001)	AM 13, FM 17, shortwave 11 (2001)
Railways	total: 100 km (Djibouti segment of the Addis Ababa-Djibouti railway) narrow gauge: 100 km 1.000-m gauge note: railway under joint control of Djibouti and Ethiopia (2002)	total: 3,123 km narrow gauge: 2,983 km 1.067-m gauge; 140 km 0.762-m gauge (2004)
Religions	Muslim 94%, Christian 6%	Catholic 23.8%, Zionist Christian 17.5%, Muslim 17.8%, other 17.8%, none 23.1% (1997 census)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.11 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.03 male(s)/female total population: 1.06 male(s)/female (2003 est.)	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal adult	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: telephone facilities in the city of Djibouti are adequate as are the microwave radio relay connections to outlying areas of the country domestic: microwave radio relay network international: submarine cable to Jiddah, Suez, Sicily, Marseilles, Colombo, and Singapore; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; Medarabtel regional microwave radio relay telephone network	general assessment: fair system but not available generally (telephone density is only 16 telephones for each 1,000 persons) domestic: the system consists of open-wire lines and trunk connection by microwave radio relay and tropospheric scatter international: country code - 258; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 3 Indian Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	10,000 (2002)	83,700 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular	5,000 (2002)	428,900 (2003)
Television broadcast stations	1 (2002)	1 (2001)
Terrain	coastal plain and plateau separated by central mountains	mostly coastal lowlands, uplands in center, high plateaus in northwest, mountains in west
Total fertility rate	5.56 children born/woman (2003 est.)	4.7 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate	50% (2000 est.)	21% (1997 est.)
Waterways	none	460 km (Zambezi River navigable to Tete and along Cahora Bassa Lake) (2004)

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