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Compare Djibouti (2001) - Iraq (2001)

Compare Djibouti (2001) z Iraq (2001)

 Djibouti (2001)Iraq (2001)
 DjiboutiIraq
Administrative divisions 5 districts (cercles, singular - cercle); 'Ali Sabih, Dikhil, Djibouti, Obock, Tadjoura 18 provinces (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Al Anbar, Al Basrah, Al Muthanna, Al Qadisiyah, An Najaf, Arbil, As Sulaymaniyah, At Ta'mim, Babil, Baghdad, Dahuk, Dhi Qar, Diyala, Karbala', Maysan, Ninawa, Salah ad Din, Wasit
Age structure 0-14 years:
42.58% (male 98,314; female 97,859)

15-64 years:
54.58% (male 132,619; female 118,841)

65 years and over:
2.84% (male 6,787; female 6,280) (2001 est.)
0-14 years:
41.64% (male 4,934,340; female 4,781,206)

15-64 years:
55.28% (male 6,528,854; female 6,368,823)

65 years and over:
3.08% (male 335,953; female 382,809) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products fruits, vegetables; goats, sheep, camels wheat, barley, rice, vegetables, dates, cotton; cattle, sheep
Airports 12 (2000 est.) 110 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
2

over 3,047 m:
1

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1 (2000 est.)
total:
76

over 3,047 m:
20

2,438 to 3,047 m:
36

1,524 to 2,437 m:
6

914 to 1,523 m:
7

under 914 m:
7 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
10

1,524 to 2,437 m:
2

914 to 1,523 m:
5

under 914 m:
3 (2000 est.)
total:
34

over 3,047 m:
3

2,438 to 3,047 m:
5

1,524 to 2,437 m:
4

914 to 1,523 m:
10

under 914 m:
12 (2000 est.)
Area total:
22,000 sq km

land:
21,980 sq km

water:
20 sq km
total:
437,072 sq km

land:
432,162 sq km

water:
4,910 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Massachusetts slightly more than twice the size of Idaho
Background The French Territory of the Afars and the Issas became Djibouti in 1977. A peace accord in 1994 ended a three-year uprising by Afars rebels. Formerly part of the Ottoman Empire, Iraq became an independent kingdom in 1932. A "republic" was proclaimed in 1958, but in actuality a series of military strongmen have ruled the country since then, the latest being SADDAM Husayn. Territorial disputes with Iran led to an inconclusive and costly eight-year war (1980-1988). In August 1990 Iraq seized Kuwait, but was expelled by US-led, UN coalition forces during January-February 1991. The victors did not occupy Iraq, however, thus allowing the regime to stay in control. Following Kuwait's liberation, the UN Security Council (UNSC) required Iraq to scrap all weapons of mass destruction and long-range missiles and to allow UN verification inspections. UN trade sanctions remain in effect due to incomplete Iraqi compliance with relevant UNSC resolutions.
Birth rate 40.66 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 34.64 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues:
$133 million

expenditures:
$187 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.)
revenues:
$NA

expenditures:
$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
Capital Djibouti Baghdad
Climate desert; torrid, dry mostly desert; mild to cool winters with dry, hot, cloudless summers; northern mountainous regions along Iranian and Turkish borders experience cold winters with occasionally heavy snows that melt in early spring, sometimes causing extensive flooding in central and southern Iraq
Coastline 314 km 58 km
Constitution multiparty constitution approved by referendum 4 September 1992 22 September 1968, effective 16 July 1970 (provisional constitution); new constitution drafted in 1990 but not adopted
Country name conventional long form:
Republic of Djibouti

conventional short form:
Djibouti

former:
French Territory of the Afars and Issas, French Somaliland
conventional long form:
Republic of Iraq

conventional short form:
Iraq

local long form:
Al Jumhuriyah al Iraqiyah

local short form:
Al Iraq
Currency Djiboutian franc (DJF) Iraqi dinar (IQD)
Death rate 14.66 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 6.21 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $356 million (1999 est.) $139 billion (2000 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Donald YAMAMOTO

embassy:
Plateau du Serpent, Boulevard Marechal Joffre, Djibouti

mailing address:
B. P. 185, Djibouti

telephone:
[253] 35 39 95

FAX:
[253] 35 39 40
none; note - the US has an Interests Section in the Polish Embassy in Baghdad; address: P. O. Box 2051 Hay Babel, Baghdad; telephone: [964] (1) 718-9267; FAX: [964] (1) 718-9297
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador ROBLE Olhaye Oudine

chancery:
Suite 515, 1156 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005

telephone:
[1] (202) 331-0270

FAX:
[1] (202) 331-0302
none; note - Iraq has an Interest Section in the Algerian Embassy headed by Akram AL DOURI; address: Iraqi Interests Section, Algerian Embassy, 1801 P Street NW, Washington, DC 20036; telephone: [1] (202) 483-7500; FAX: [1] (202) 462-5066
Disputes - international none Iran and Iraq restored diplomatic relations in 1990 but are still trying to work out written agreements settling outstanding disputes from their eight-year war concerning border demarcation, prisoners-of-war, and freedom of navigation and sovereignty over the Shatt al Arab waterway; in November 1994, Iraq formally accepted the UN-demarcated border with Kuwait which had been spelled out in Security Council Resolutions 687 (1991), 773 (1993), and 883 (1993); this formally ends earlier claims to Kuwait and to Bubiyan and Warbah islands although the government continues periodic rhetorical challenges; dispute over water development plans by Turkey for the Tigris and Euphrates rivers
Economic aid - recipient $106.3 million (1995) $327.5 million (1995)
Economy - overview The economy is based on service activities connected with the country's strategic location and status as a free trade zone in northeast Africa. Two-thirds of the inhabitants live in the capital city, the remainder being mostly nomadic herders. Scanty rainfall limits crop production to fruits and vegetables, and most food must be imported. Djibouti provides services as both a transit port for the region and an international transshipment and refueling center. It has few natural resources and little industry. The nation is, therefore, heavily dependent on foreign assistance to help support its balance of payments and to finance development projects. An unemployment rate of 40% to 50% continues to be a major problem. Inflation is not a concern, however, because of the fixed tie of the franc to the US dollar. Per capita consumption dropped an estimated 35% over the last seven years because of recession, civil war, and a high population growth rate (including immigrants and refugees). Faced with a multitude of economic difficulties, the government has fallen in arrears on long-term external debt and has been struggling to meet the stipulations of foreign aid donors. The year 2001 will see only small growth as port activity should decrease now that Ethiopia has more trade route options. Iraq's economy is dominated by the oil sector, which has traditionally provided about 95% of foreign exchange earnings. In the 1980s, financial problems caused by massive expenditures in the eight-year war with Iran and damage to oil export facilities by Iran led the government to implement austerity measures, borrow heavily, and later reschedule foreign debt payments; Iraq suffered economic losses of at least $100 billion from the war. After the end of hostilities in 1988, oil exports gradually increased with the construction of new pipelines and restoration of damaged facilities. Iraq's seizure of Kuwait in August 1990, subsequent international economic sanctions, and damage from military action by an international coalition beginning in January 1991 drastically reduced economic activity. Although government policies supporting large military and internal security forces and allocating resources to key supporters of the regime have hurt the economy, implementation of the UN's oil-for-food program in December 1996 has helped improve conditions for the average Iraqi citizen. For the first six, six-month phases of the program, Iraq was allowed to export limited amounts of oil in exchange for food, medicine, and some infrastructure spare parts. In December 1999, the UN Security Council authorized Iraq to export under the program as much oil as required to meet humanitarian needs. Oil exports are now more than three-quarters their prewar level. Per capita food imports have increased significantly, while medical supplies and health care services are steadily improving. Per capita output and living standards are still well below the prewar level, but any estimates have a wide range of error.
Electricity - consumption 167.4 million kWh (1999) 27.361 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 180 million kWh (1999) 29.42 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
fossil fuel:
97.96%

hydro:
2.04%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Lac Assal -155 m

highest point:
Moussa Ali 2,028 m
lowest point:
Persian Gulf 0 m

highest point:
Haji Ibrahim 3,600 m
Environment - current issues inadequate supplies of potable water; desertification government water control projects have drained most of the inhabited marsh areas east of An Nasiriyah by drying up or diverting the feeder streams and rivers; a once sizable population of Shi'a Muslims, who have inhabited these areas for thousands of years, has been displaced; furthermore, the destruction of the natural habitat poses serious threats to the area's wildlife populations; inadequate supplies of potable water; development of Tigris-Euphrates Rivers system contingent upon agreements with upstream riparian Turkey; air and water pollution; soil degradation (salination) and erosion; desertification
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
party to:
Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban

signed, but not ratified:
Environmental Modification
Ethnic groups Somali 60%, Afar 35%, French, Arab, Ethiopian, and Italian 5% Arab 75%-80%, Kurdish 15%-20%, Turkoman, Assyrian or other 5%
Exchange rates Djiboutian francs per US dollar - 177.721 (fixed rate since 1973) Iraqi dinars per US dollar - 0.3109 (fixed official rate since 1982); black market rate - Iraqi dinars per US dollar - 1,910 (December 1999), 1,815 (December 1998), 1,530 (December 1997), 910 (December 1996), 3,000 (December 1995); note - subject to wide fluctuations
Executive branch chief of state:
President GUELLEH Ismail Omar (since 8 May 1999);

head of government:
Prime Minister DILLEITA Mohamed Dilleita (since 4 March 2001)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers responsible to the president

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a six-year term; election last held 9 April 1999 (next to be held NA 2005); prime minister appointed by the president

election results:
GUELLEH Ismail Omar elected president; percent of vote - GUELLEH Ismail Omar 74.4%, IDRIS Moussa Ahmed 25.6%
chief of state:
President SADDAM Husayn (since 16 July 1979); Vice Presidents Taha Muhyi al-Din MARUF (since 21 April 1974) and Taha Yasin RAMADAN (since 23 March 1991)

head of government:
Prime Minister SADDAM Husayn (since 29 May 1994); Deputy Prime Ministers Tariq Mikhail AZIZ (since NA 1979), Hikmat Mizban Ibrahim al-AZZAWI (since 30 July 1999), Ahmad Husayn al-KHUDAYIR (since NA July 2001), and Abd al-Tawab Mullah al-HUWAYSH (since NA July 2001)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers; note - there is also a Revolutionary Command Council or RCC (Chairman SADDAM Husayn, Vice Chairman Izzat IBRAHIM al-Duri) which controls the ruling Ba'th Party, and is the most powerful political entity in the country

elections:
president and vice presidents elected by a two-thirds majority of the Revolutionary Command Council; election last held 17 October 1995 (next to be held NA 2002)

election results:
SADDAM Husayn reelected president; percent of vote - 99%; Taha Muhyi al-Din MARUF and Taha Yasin RAMADAN elected vice presidents; percent of vote - NA%
Exports $260 million (f.o.b., 1999 est.) $21.8 billion (2000 est.)
Exports - commodities reexports, hides and skins, coffee (in transit) crude oil
Exports - partners Somalia 53%, Yemen 23%, Ethiopia 5%, (1998) Russia, France, Switzerland, China (2000)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description two equal horizontal bands of light blue (top) and light green with a white isosceles triangle based on the hoist side bearing a red five-pointed star in the center three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black with three green five-pointed stars in a horizontal line centered in the white band; the phrase ALLAHU AKBAR (God is Great) in green Arabic script - Allahu to the right of the middle star and Akbar to the left of the middle star - was added in January 1991 during the Persian Gulf crisis; similar to the flag of Syria which has two stars but no script and the flag of Yemen which has a plain white band; also similar to the flag of Egypt which has a symbolic eagle centered in the white band
GDP purchasing power parity - $574 million (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $57 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
3%

industry:
22%

services:
75% (1998 est.)
agriculture:
6%

industry:
13%

services:
81% (1993 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,300 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $2,500 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 2% (2000 est.) 15% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 11 30 N, 43 00 E 33 00 N, 44 00 E
Geography - note strategic location near world's busiest shipping lanes and close to Arabian oilfields; terminus of rail traffic into Ethiopia; mostly wasteland -
Heliports - 4 (2000 est.)
Highways total:
2,890 km

paved:
364 km

unpaved:
2,526 km (1996)
total:
45,550 km

paved:
38,400 km

unpaved:
7,150 km (1996 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Imports $440 million (f.o.b., 1999 est.) $13.8 billion (2000 est.)
Imports - commodities foods, beverages, transport equipment, chemicals, petroleum products food, medicine, manufactures
Imports - partners France 13%, Ethiopia 12%, Italy 9%, Saudi Arabia 6%, UK 6% (1998) Egypt, Russia, France, Vietnam (2000)
Independence 27 June 1977 (from France) 3 October 1932 (from League of Nations mandate under British administration)
Industrial production growth rate 3% (1996 est.) NA%
Industries limited to a few small-scale enterprises, such as dairy products and mineral-water bottling petroleum, chemicals, textiles, construction materials, food processing
Infant mortality rate 101.51 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) 60.05 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2% (2000 est.) 100% (2000 est.)
International organization participation ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WToO, WTrO ABEDA, ACC, AFESD, AL, AMF, CAEU, CCC, EAPC, ESCWA, FAO, G-19, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) 1 (2000)
Irrigated land NA sq km 25,500 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Cour Supreme Court of Cassation
Labor force 282,000 4.4 million (1989)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 75%, industry 11%, services 14% (1991 est.) agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%
Land boundaries total:
508 km

border countries:
Eritrea 113 km, Ethiopia 337 km, Somalia 58 km
total:
3,631 km

border countries:
Iran 1,458 km, Jordan 181 km, Kuwait 242 km, Saudi Arabia 814 km, Syria 605 km, Turkey 331 km
Land use arable land:
0%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
9%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
91% (1993 est.)
arable land:
12%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
9%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
79% (1993 est.)
Languages French (official), Arabic (official), Somali, Afar Arabic, Kurdish (official in Kurdish regions), Assyrian, Armenian
Legal system based on French civil law system, traditional practices, and Islamic law based on Islamic law in special religious courts, civil law system elsewhere; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Chambre des Deputes (65 seats; members elected by popular vote for five-year terms)

elections:
last held 19 December 1997 (next to be held NA 2002)

election results:
percent of vote - NA%; seats - RPP 65; note - RPP (the ruling party) dominated the election
unicameral National Assembly or Majlis al-Watani (250 seats; 30 appointed by the president to represent the three northern provinces of Dahuk, Arbil, and As Sulaymaniyah; 220 elected by popular vote; members serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held 27 March 2000 (next to be held NA March 2004)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA
Life expectancy at birth total population:
51.21 years

male:
49.37 years

female:
53.1 years (2001 est.)
total population:
66.95 years

male:
65.92 years

female:
68.03 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
46.2%

male:
60.3%

female:
32.7% (1995 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
58%

male:
70.7%

female:
45% (1995 est.)
Location Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea, between Eritrea and Somalia Middle East, bordering the Persian Gulf, between Iran and Kuwait
Map references Africa Middle East
Maritime claims contiguous zone:
24 NM

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
continental shelf:
not specified

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine total:
1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,369 GRT/3,030 DWT

ships by type:
cargo 1 (2000 est.)
total:
30 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 453,273 GRT/779,662 DWT

ships by type:
cargo 14, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 12, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 1 (2000 est.)
Military branches Djibouti National Army (includes Navy and Air Force) Army, Republican Guard, Navy, Air Force, Air Defense Force, Border Guard Force, Fedayeen Saddam
Military expenditures - dollar figure $23 million (FY97) $NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 4.5% (FY97) NA%
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
108,038 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49:
5,902,215 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
63,589 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49:
3,301,880 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 18 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males:
274,035 (2001 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 27 June (1977) Revolution Day, 17 July (1968)
Nationality noun:
Djiboutian(s)

adjective:
Djiboutian
noun:
Iraqi(s)

adjective:
Iraqi
Natural hazards earthquakes; droughts; occasional cyclonic disturbances from the Indian Ocean bring heavy rains and flash floods dust storms, sandstorms, floods
Natural resources geothermal areas petroleum, natural gas, phosphates, sulfur
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines - crude oil 4,350 km; petroleum products 725 km; natural gas 1,360 km
Political parties and leaders Democratic National Party or PND [ADEN Robleh Awaleh]; Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Abdillahi HAMARITEH]; People's Progress Assembly or RPP (governing party) [Ismail Omar GELLEH] Ba'th Party [SADDAM Husayn, central party leader]
Political pressure groups and leaders Front for the Restoration of Unity and Democracy or FRUD and affiliates; Movement for Unity and Democracy or MUD any formal political activity must be sanctioned by the government; opposition to regime from Kurdish groups and southern Shi'a dissidents
Population 460,700 (July 2001 est.) 23,331,985 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA%
Population growth rate 2.6% (2001 est.) 2.84% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Djibouti Umm Qasr, Khawr az Zubayr, and Al Basrah have limited functionality
Radio broadcast stations AM 2, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 19 (5 are inactive), FM 51, shortwave 4 (1998)
Radios 52,000 (1997) 4.85 million (1997)
Railways total:
100 km (Djibouti segment of the Addis Ababa-Djibouti railroad)

narrow gauge:
100 km 1.000-m gauge

note:
Djibouti and Ethiopia plan to revitalize the century-old railroad that links their capitals by 2003
total:
2,032 km

standard gauge:
2,032 km 1.435-m gauge

note:
rail link between Iraq and Syria restored in 2000 after 19 years
Religions Muslim 94%, Christian 6% Muslim 97% (Shi'a 60%-65%, Sunni 32%-37%), Christian or other 3%
Sex ratio at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.12 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
1.08 male(s)/female

total population:
1.07 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.03 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.03 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.88 male(s)/female

total population:
1.02 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage NA years of age; universal adult 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
telephone facilities in the city of Djibouti are adequate as are the microwave radio relay connections to outlying areas of the country

domestic:
microwave radio relay network

international:
submarine cable to Jiddah, Suez, Sicily, Marseilles, Colombo, and Singapore; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; Medarabtel regional microwave radio relay telephone network
general assessment:
reconstitution of damaged telecommunication facilities began after the Gulf war; most damaged facilities have been rebuilt

domestic:
the network consists of coaxial cables and microwave radio relay links

international:
satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region), and 1 Arabsat (inoperative); coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Jordan, Kuwait, Syria, and Turkey; Kuwait line is probably nonoperational
Telephones - main lines in use 8,000 (1997) 675,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 203 (1997) NA; service available in northern Iraq (2001)
Television broadcast stations 1 (plus 5 low-power repeaters) (1998) 13 (1997)
Terrain coastal plain and plateau separated by central mountains mostly broad plains; reedy marshes along Iranian border in south with large flooded areas; mountains along borders with Iran and Turkey
Total fertility rate 5.72 children born/woman (2001 est.) 4.75 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 50% (2000 est.) NA%
Waterways none 1,015 km

note:
Shatt al Arab is usually navigable by maritime traffic for about 130 km; channel has been dredged to 3 m and is in use; Tigris and Euphrates Rivers have navigable sections for shallow-draft boats; Shatt al Basrah canal was navigable by shallow-draft craft before closing in 1991 because of the Gulf war
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