Compare Dhekelia (2008) - Tonga (2008)

Compare Dhekelia (2008) z Tonga (2008)

	Dhekelia (2008)	Tonga (2008)

Administrative divisions	-	3 island groups; Ha'apai, Tongatapu, Vava'u
Age structure	-	0-14 years: 34.6% (male 20,624/female 19,779) 15-64 years: 61.2% (male 35,551/female 36,052) 65 years and over: 4.2% (male 2,087/female 2,828) (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products	-	squash, coconuts, copra, bananas, vanilla beans, cocoa, coffee, ginger, black pepper; fish
Airports	-	6 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways	-	total: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways	-	total: 5 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 1 (2007)
Area	total: 130.8 sq km note: area surrounds three Cypriot enclaves	total: 748 sq km land: 718 sq km water: 30 sq km
Area - comparative	about three-quarters the size of Washington, DC	four times the size of Washington, DC
Background	By terms of the 1960 Treaty of Establishment that created the independent Republic of Cyprus, the UK retained full sovereignty and jurisdiction over two areas of almost 254 square kilometers - Akrotiri and Dhekelia. The larger of these is the Dhekelia Sovereign Base Area, which is also referred to as the Eastern Sovereign Base Area.	Tonga - unique among Pacific nations - never completely lost its indigenous governance. The archipelagos of "The Friendly Islands" were united into a Polynesian kingdom in 1845. Tonga became a constitutional monarchy in 1875 and a British protectorate in 1900; it withdrew from the protectorate and joined the Commonwealth of Nations in 1970. Tonga remains the only monarchy in the Pacific.
Birth rate	-	23.67 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Budget	-	revenues: $56.97 million expenditures: $83.88 million (FY04/05)
Capital	name: Episkopi Cantonment (base administrative center for Akrotiri and Dhekelia); located in Akrotiri geographic coordinates: 34 40 N, 32 51 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October	name: Nuku'alofa geographic coordinates: 21 08 S, 175 12 W time difference: UTC+13 (18 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate	temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters	tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December)
Coastline	27.5 km	419 km
Constitution	Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia Order in Council 1960, effective 16 August 1960, functions as a basic legal document	4 November 1875; revised 1 January 1967
Country name	conventional long form: Dhekelia Sovereign Base Area conventional short form: Dhekelia	conventional long form: Kingdom of Tonga conventional short form: Tonga local long form: Pule'anga Tonga local short form: Tonga former: Friendly Islands
Death rate	-	5.2 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Debt - external	-	$80.7 million (2004)
Dependency status	a special form of UK overseas territory; administered by an administrator who is also the Commander, British Forces Cyprus	-
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (overseas territory of the UK)	the US does not have an embassy in Tonga; the ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Tonga
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (overseas territory of the UK)	chief of mission: Ambassador Fekitamoeloa 'UTOIKAMANU chancery: 250 East 51st Street, New York, NY 10022 telephone: [1] (917) 369-1025 FAX: [1] (917) 369-1024 consulate(s) general: San Francisco
Disputes - international	-	none
Economic aid - recipient	-	$31.75 million (2005)
Economy - overview	Economic activity is limited to providing services to the military and their families located in Dhekelia. All food and manufactured goods must be imported.	Tonga has a small, open, South Pacific island economy. It has a narrow export base in agricultural goods. Squash, coconuts, bananas, and vanilla beans are the main crops, and agricultural exports make up two-thirds of total exports. The country must import a high proportion of its food, mainly from New Zealand. The country remains dependent on external aid and remittances from Tongan communities overseas to offset its trade deficit. Tourism is the second-largest source of hard currency earnings following remittances. The government is emphasizing the development of the private sector, especially the encouragement of investment, and is committing increased funds for health and education. Tonga has a reasonably sound basic infrastructure and well-developed social services. High unemployment among the young, a continuing upturn in inflation, pressures for democratic reform, and rising civil service expenditures are major issues facing the government.
Electricity - consumption	-	32.55 million kWh (2005)
Electricity - exports	-	0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - imports	-	0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - production	-	35 million kWh (2005)
Elevation extremes	-	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Kao Island 1,033 m
Environment - current issues	netting and trapping of small migrant songbirds in the spring and autumn	deforestation results as more and more land is being cleared for agriculture and settlement; some damage to coral reefs from starfish and indiscriminate coral and shell collectors; overhunting threatens native sea turtle populations
Environment - international agreements	-	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	-	Polynesian, Europeans
Exchange rates	Cypriot pounds per US dollar - NA (2007), 0.46019 (2006), 0.4641 (2005), 0.4686 (2004), 0.5174 (2003)	pa'anga per US dollar - NA (2007), 2.0277 (2006), 1.96 (2005), 1.9716 (2004), 2.142 (2003)
Executive branch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) head of government: Administrator Air Vice-Marshal Richard LACEY (since 26 April 2006); note - reports to the British Ministry of Defense elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; the administrator is appointed by the monarch	chief of state: King George TUPOU V (since 11 September 2006) head of government: Prime Minister Dr. Feleti SEVELE (since 11 February 2006); Deputy Prime Minister Dr. Viliami TANGI (since 16 May 2006) cabinet: Cabinet consists of 14 members, 10 appointed by the monarch for life; four appointed from among the elected members of the Legislative Assembly, including two each from the nobles' and peoples' representatives serving three-year terms note: there is also a Privy Council that consists of the monarch, the cabinet, and two governors elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the monarch
Exports	-	0 bbl/day (2004)
Exports - commodities	-	squash, fish, vanilla beans, root crops
Exports - partners	-	US 39.7%, Japan 27.8%, NZ 8.2%, South Korea 7.6% (2006)
Fiscal year	-	1 July - 30 June
Flag description	the flag of the UK is used	red with a bold red cross on a white rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner
GDP - composition by sector	-	agriculture: 23% industry: 27% services: 50% (FY03/04 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	-	2.4% (2005 est.)
Geographic coordinates	34 59 N, 33 45 E	20 00 S, 175 00 W
Geography - note	British extraterritorial rights also extended to several small off-post sites scattered across Cyprus; of the Sovereign Base Area land 60% is privately owned and farmed, 20% is owned by the Ministry of Defense, and 20% is SBA Crown land	archipelago of 169 islands (36 inhabited)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	-	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	-	842.3 bbl/day (2004)
Imports - commodities	-	foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, chemicals
Imports - partners	-	Fiji 30.3%, NZ 27.7%, US 8.2%, Australia 7.5%, France 5.7%, UK 4.7% (2006)
Independence	-	4 June 1970 (from UK protectorate)
Industrial production growth rate	-	1% (2003 est.)
Industries	none	tourism, fishing
Infant mortality rate	-	total: 11.99 deaths/1,000 live births male: 13.3 deaths/1,000 live births female: 10.61 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-	11.1% (2005 est.)
International organization participation	-	ACP, ADB, C, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, ITUC, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Irrigated land	-	NA
Judicial branch	-	Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch); Court of Appeal (Chief Justice and high court justices from overseas chosen and approved by Privy Council)
Labor force	-	33,910 (2003)
Labor force - by occupation	-	agriculture: 65% industry and services: 35% (1997 est.)
Land boundaries	total: 103 km (approximately) border countries: Cyprus 103 km (approximately)	0 km
Land use	-	arable land: 20% permanent crops: 14.67% other: 65.33% (2005)
Languages	English, Greek	Tongan, English
Legal system	the Sovereign Base Area Administration has its own court system to deal with civil and criminal matters; laws applicable to the Cypriot population are, as far as possible, the same as the laws of the Republic of Cyprus	based on English common law
Legislative branch	-	unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fale Alea (32 seats - 14 reserved for cabinet ministers sitting ex officio, nine for nobles selected by the country's 33 nobles, and nine elected by popular vote; members serve three-year terms) elections: last held on 21 March 2005 (next to be held in 2008) election results: Peoples Representatives: percent of vote - HRDMT 70%, other 30%; seats - HRDMT 7, independents 2
Life expectancy at birth	-	total population: 70.12 years male: 67.6 years female: 72.76 years (2007 est.)
Literacy	-	definition: can read and write Tongan and/or English total population: 98.9% male: 98.8% female: 99% (1999 est.)
Location	on the southeast coast of Cyprus near Famagusta	Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
Map references	Middle East	Oceania
Maritime claims	-	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Merchant marine	-	total: 14 ships (1000 GRT or over) 58,756 GRT/67,889 DWT by type: bulk carrier 1, cargo 9, liquefied gas 1, livestock carrier 1, passenger/cargo 1, refrigerated cargo 1 foreign-owned: 3 (Australia 1, Switzerland 1, UK 1) (2007)
Military - note	includes Dhekelia Garrison and Ayios Nikolaos Station connected by a roadway	-
Military branches	-	Tonga Defense Services (TDS): Land Force (Royal Guard), Naval Force (includes Royal Marines, Air Wing) (2008)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	-	0.9% (2006 est.)
National holiday	-	Emancipation Day, 4 June (1970)
Nationality	-	noun: Tongan(s) adjective: Tongan
Natural hazards	-	cyclones (October to April); earthquakes and volcanic activity on Fonuafo'ou
Natural resources	-	fish, fertile soil
Net migration rate	-	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Political parties and leaders	-	People's Democratic Party [Tesina FUKO]
Political pressure groups and leaders	-	Human Rights and Democracy Movement Tonga or HRDMT [Rev. Simote VEA, chairman]; Public Servant's Association [Finau TUTONE]
Population	approximately 15,700 live on the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia including 7,700 Cypriots, 3,600 Service and UK Based Contract personnel, and 4,400 dependents	116,921 (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line	-	24% (FY03/04)
Population growth rate	-	1.847% (2007 est.)
Radio broadcast stations	AM NA, FM 1 (located in Akrotiri), shortwave NA (British Forces Broadcasting Service (BFBS) provides Radio 1 and Radio 2 service to Akrotiri, Dhekelia, and Nicosia) (2006)	AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 1 (2001)
Religions	-	Christian (Free Wesleyan Church claims over 30,000 adherents)
Sex ratio	-	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.043 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.986 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.738 male(s)/female total population: 0.993 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Suffrage	-	21 years of age; universal
Telephone system	-	general assessment: competition between Tonga Telecommunications Corporation (TCC) and Shoreline Communications Tonga (SCT) is accelerating expansion of telecommunications; SCT recently granted authority to develop high-speed digital service for telephone, Internet, and television domestic: combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 40 telephones per 100 persons; fully automatic switched network international: country code - 676; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2004)
Telephones - main lines in use	-	13,700 (2005)
Telephones - mobile cellular	-	29,900 (2005)
Television broadcast stations	0 (British Forces Broadcasting Service (BFBS) provides multi-channel satellite service to Akrotiri, Dhekelia, and Nicosia) (2006)	3 (2004)
Terrain	-	most islands have limestone base formed from uplifted coral formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic base
Total fertility rate	-	2.75 children born/woman (2007 est.)
Unemployment rate	-	13% (FY03/04 est.)

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