Compare Dhekelia (2008) - Togo (2002)

Compare Dhekelia (2008) z Togo (2002)

	Dhekelia (2008)	Togo (2002)

Administrative divisions	-	5 regions (regions, singular - region); De La Kara, Des Plateaux, Des Savanes, Centrale, Maritime
Age structure	-	0-14 years: 45.1% (male 1,195,052; female 1,187,014) 15-64 years: 52.4% (male 1,351,345; female 1,420,617) 65 years and over: 2.5% (male 56,270; female 75,203) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products	-	coffee, cocoa, cotton, yams, cassava (tapioca), corn, beans, rice, millet, sorghum; livestock; fish
Airports	-	9 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	-	total: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	-	total: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 2 (2002)
Area	total: 130.8 sq km note: area surrounds three Cypriot enclaves	total: 56,785 sq km land: 54,385 sq km water: 2,400 sq km
Area - comparative	about three-quarters the size of Washington, DC	slightly smaller than West Virginia
Background	By terms of the 1960 Treaty of Establishment that created the independent Republic of Cyprus, the UK retained full sovereignty and jurisdiction over two areas of almost 254 square kilometers - Akrotiri and Dhekelia. The larger of these is the Dhekelia Sovereign Base Area, which is also referred to as the Eastern Sovereign Base Area.	French Togoland became Togo in 1960. General Gnassingbe EYADEMA, installed as military ruler in 1967, is Africa's longest-serving head of state. Despite the facade of multiparty elections instituted in the early 1990s, the government continues to be dominated by President EYADEMA, whose Rally of the Togolese People (RPT) party has maintained power almost continually since 1967. In addition, Togo has come under fire from international organizations for human rights abuses and is plagued by political unrest. Most bilateral and multilateral aid to Togo remains frozen.
Birth rate	-	36.11 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget	-	revenues: $232 million expenditures: $252 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1997 est.)
Capital	name: Episkopi Cantonment (base administrative center for Akrotiri and Dhekelia); located in Akrotiri geographic coordinates: 34 40 N, 32 51 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October	Lome
Climate	temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters	tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north
Coastline	27.5 km	56 km
Constitution	Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia Order in Council 1960, effective 16 August 1960, functions as a basic legal document	multiparty draft constitution approved by High Council of the Republic 1 July 1992; adopted by public referendum 27 September 1992
Country name	conventional long form: Dhekelia Sovereign Base Area conventional short form: Dhekelia	conventional long form: Togolese Republic conventional short form: Togo local long form: Republique Togolaise local short form: none former: French Togoland
Currency	-	Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States
Death rate	-	11.3 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external	-	$1.5 billion (1999) (1999)
Dependency status	a special form of UK overseas territory; administered by an administrator who is also the Commander, British Forces Cyprus	-
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (overseas territory of the UK)	chief of mission: Ambassador Karl HOFMANN embassy: Angle Rue Kouenou and Rue 15 Beniglato, Lome mailing address: B. P. 852, Lome telephone: [228] 221 29 91 through 221 29 94 FAX: [228] 221 79 52
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (overseas territory of the UK)	chief of mission: Ambassador Akoussoulelou BODJONA chancery: 2208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 234-4212 FAX: [1] (202) 232-3190
Disputes - international	-	Benin accuses Togo of moving boundary markers and stationing troops in its territory
Economic aid - recipient	-	$201.1 million (1995) (1995)
Economy - overview	Economic activity is limited to providing services to the military and their families located in Dhekelia. All food and manufactured goods must be imported.	This small sub-Saharan economy is heavily dependent on both commercial and subsistence agriculture, which provides employment for 65% of the labor force. Some basic foodstuffs must still be imported. Cocoa, coffee, and cotton generate about 40% of export earnings, with cotton being the most significant cash crop despite falling prices on the world market. Political unrest, including private and public sector strikes throughout 1992 and 1993, jeopardized the reform program, shrunk the tax base, and disrupted vital economic activity. The 12 January 1994 devaluation of the XOF currency by 50% provided an important impetus to renewed structural adjustment. In the industrial sector, phosphate mining is by far the most important activity. Togo is the world's fourth largest producer, and geological advantages keep production costs low. The recently privatized mining operation, Office Togolais des Phosphates (OTP), is slowly recovering from a steep fall in prices in the early 1990's, but continues to face the challenge of tough foreign competition, exacerbated by weakening demand. Togo serves as a regional commercial and trade center. It continues to expand its duty-free export-processing zone (EPZ), launched in 1989, which has attracted enterprises from France, Italy, Scandinavia, the US, India, and China and created jobs for Togolese nationals. The government's decade-long effort, supported by the World Bank and the IMF, to implement economic reform measures, encourage foreign investment, and bring revenues in line with expenditures has stalled. Progress depends on following through on privatization, increased openness in government financial operations, progress towards legislative elections, and possible downsizing of the military, on which the regime has depended to stay in place. Lack of large-scale foreign aid, deterioration of the financial sector, energy shortages, and depressed commodity prices continue to constrain economic growth. The takeover of the national power company by a Franco-Canadian consortium in 2000 should ease the energy crisis.
Electricity - consumption	-	525.21 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports	-	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports	-	435 million kWh note: electricity supplied by Ghana (2000)
Electricity - production	-	97 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source	-	fossil fuel: 98% hydro: 2% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes	-	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mont Agou 986 m
Environment - current issues	netting and trapping of small migrant songbirds in the spring and autumn	deforestation attributable to slash-and-burn agriculture and the use of wood for fuel; water pollution presents health hazards and hinders the fishing industry; air pollution increasing in urban areas
Environment - international agreements	-	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	-	native African (37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe, Mina, and Kabre) 99%, European and Syrian-Lebanese less than 1%
Exchange rates	Cypriot pounds per US dollar - NA (2007), 0.46019 (2006), 0.4641 (2005), 0.4686 (2004), 0.5174 (2003)	Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 741.79 (January 2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997); note - from 1 January 1999, the XOF is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XOF per euro
Executive branch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) head of government: Administrator Air Vice-Marshal Richard LACEY (since 26 April 2006); note - reports to the British Ministry of Defense elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; the administrator is appointed by the monarch	chief of state: President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA (since 14 April 1967) head of government: Prime Minister Koffi SAMA (since 29 June 2002) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president and the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 21 June 1998 (next to be held June 2003); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Gnassingbe EYADEMA reelected president; percent of vote - Gnassingbe EYADEMA 52.13%, Gilchrist OLYMPIO 34.12%, other 13.75%
Exports	-	$306 million f.o.b. (2001)
Exports - commodities	-	cotton, phosphates, coffee, cocoa
Exports - partners	-	Benin 12%, Nigeria 9%, Belgium 5%, Ghana 4% (2000)
Fiscal year	-	calendar year
Flag description	the flag of the UK is used	five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom) alternating with yellow; there is a white five-pointed star on a red square in the upper hoist-side corner; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $7.6 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	-	agriculture: 42% industry: 21% services: 37% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $1,500 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	-	2.2% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates	34 59 N, 33 45 E	8 00 N, 1 10 E
Geography - note	British extraterritorial rights also extended to several small off-post sites scattered across Cyprus; of the Sovereign Base Area land 60% is privately owned and farmed, 20% is owned by the Ministry of Defense, and 20% is SBA Crown land	the country's length allows it to stretch through six distinct geographic regions; climate varies from tropical to savanna
Highways	-	total: 7,520 km paved: 2,376 km unpaved: 5,144 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	-	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs	-	transit hub for Nigerian heroin and cocaine traffickers; money laundering not a significant problem
Imports	-	$420 million f.o.b. (2001)
Imports - commodities	-	machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products
Imports - partners	-	Ghana 26%, France 11%, China 7%, Cote d'Ivoire 7% (2000)
Independence	-	27 April 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)
Industrial production growth rate	-	NA%
Industries	none	phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement; handicrafts, textiles, beverages
Infant mortality rate	-	69.32 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-	2.3% (2001 est.)
International organization participation	-	ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MIPONUH, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	3 (2001)
Irrigated land	-	70 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	-	Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Supreme Court or Cour Supreme
Labor force	-	1.74 million (1996) (1996)
Labor force - by occupation	-	agriculture 65%, industry 5%, services 30% (1998 est.)
Land boundaries	total: 103 km (approximately) border countries: Cyprus 103 km (approximately)	total: 1,647 km border countries: Benin 644 km, Burkina Faso 126 km, Ghana 877 km
Land use	-	arable land: 41.37% permanent crops: 1.84% other: 56.79% (1998 est.)
Languages	English, Greek	French (official and the language of commerce), Ewe and Mina (the two major African languages in the south), Kabye (sometimes spelled Kabiye) and Dagomba (the two major African languages in the north)
Legal system	the Sovereign Base Area Administration has its own court system to deal with civil and criminal matters; laws applicable to the Cypriot population are, as far as possible, the same as the laws of the Republic of Cyprus	French-based court system
Legislative branch	-	unicameral National Assembly (81 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 27 October 2002 (next NA 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPT 72, RSD 3, UDPS 2, Juvento 2, MOCEP 1, independents 1 note: two opposition parties boycotted the election, the Union of the Forces for Change, and the Action Committee for Renewal
Life expectancy at birth	-	total population: 54.02 years male: 52.03 years female: 56.07 years (2002 est.)
Literacy	-	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 51.7% male: 67% female: 37% (1995 est.)
Location	on the southeast coast of Cyprus near Famagusta	Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Benin, between Benin and Ghana
Map references	Middle East	Africa
Maritime claims	-	exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 30 NM
Merchant marine	-	total: 1 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,603 GRT/2,800 DWT ships by type: specialized tanker 1 note: includes a foreign-owned ship registered here as a flag of convenience: Greece 1 (2002 est.)
Military - note	includes Dhekelia Garrison and Ayios Nikolaos Station connected by a roadway	-
Military branches	-	Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie
Military expenditures - dollar figure	-	$21.9 million (FY01)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	-	1.8% (FY01)
Military manpower - availability	-	males age 15-49: 1,220,758 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	-	males age 15-49: 640,280 (2002 est.)
National holiday	-	Independence Day, 27 April (1960)
Nationality	-	noun: Togolese (singular and plural) adjective: Togolese
Natural hazards	-	hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter; periodic droughts
Natural resources	-	phosphates, limestone, marble, arable land
Net migration rate	-	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Political parties and leaders	-	Action Committee for Renewal or CAR [Yawovi AGBOYIBO]; Coordination des Forces Nouvelles or CFN [Joseph KOFFIGOH]; Democratic Convention of African Peoples or CDPA [Leopold GNININVI]; Party for Democracy and Renewal or PDR [Zarifou AYEVA]; Patriotic Pan-African Convergence or CPP [Edem KODJO]; Rally of the Togolese People or RPT [President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA]; Union of Forces for Change or UFC [Gilchrist OLYMPIO (in exile), Jean Pierre FABRE, general secretary in Togo]; Union of Independent Liberals or ULI [Jacques AMOUZOU] note: Rally of the Togolese People or RPT, led by President EYADEMA, was the only party until the formation of multiple parties was legalized 12 April 1991
Political pressure groups and leaders	-	NA
Population	approximately 15,700 live on the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia including 7,700 Cypriots, 3,600 Service and UK Based Contract personnel, and 4,400 dependents	5,285,501 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	-	32% (1989 est.)
Population growth rate	-	2.48% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	-	Kpeme, Lome
Radio broadcast stations	AM NA, FM 1 (located in Akrotiri), shortwave NA (British Forces Broadcasting Service (BFBS) provides Radio 1 and Radio 2 service to Akrotiri, Dhekelia, and Nicosia) (2006)	AM 2, FM 9, shortwave 4 (1998)
Radios	-	940,000 (1997)
Railways	-	total: 525 km narrow gauge: 525 km 1.000-m gauge (2001)
Religions	-	indigenous beliefs 51%, Christian 29%, Muslim 20%
Sex ratio	-	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage	-	NA years of age; universal adult
Telephone system	-	general assessment: fair system based on a network of microwave radio relay routes supplemented by open-wire lines and a mobile cellular system domestic: microwave radio relay and open-wire lines for conventional system; cellular system has capacity of 10,000 telephones international: satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Symphonie
Telephones - main lines in use	-	25,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular	-	2,995 (1997)
Television broadcast stations	0 (British Forces Broadcasting Service (BFBS) provides multi-channel satellite service to Akrotiri, Dhekelia, and Nicosia) (2006)	3 (plus two repeaters) (1997)
Terrain	-	gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern plateau; low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes
Total fertility rate	-	5.14 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate	-	NA%
Waterways	-	50 km (Mono river)

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