Compare Denmark (2007) - Tonga (2002)

Compare Denmark (2007) z Tonga (2002)

	Denmark (2007)	Tonga (2002)

Administrative divisions	metropolitan Denmark - 5 regions (regioner, singular - region); Hovedstaden, Midtjylland, Nordjylland, Sjaelland, Syddanmark note: an extensive local government reform merged 271 municipalities into 98 and 13 counties into five regions, effective 1 January 2007	3 island groups; Ha'apai, Tongatapu, Vava'u
Age structure	0-14 years: 18.6% (male 520,669/female 494,228) 15-64 years: 66% (male 1,817,757/female 1,792,974) 65 years and over: 15.4% (male 363,828/female 478,664) (2007 est.)	0-14 years: 39.5% (male 21,374; female 20,555) 15-64 years: 56.4% (male 29,519; female 30,322) 65 years and over: 4.1% (male 1,945; female 2,422) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products	barley, wheat, potatoes, sugar beets; pork, dairy products; fish	squash, coconuts, copra, bananas, vanilla beans, cocoa, coffee, ginger, black pepper; fish
Airports	91 (2007)	6 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 28 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 7 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 12 under 914 m: 3 (2007)	total: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 63 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 60 (2007)	total: 5 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 2 (2002)
Area	total: 43,094 sq km land: 42,394 sq km water: 700 sq km note: includes the island of Bornholm in the Baltic Sea and the rest of metropolitan Denmark (the Jutland Peninsula, and the major islands of Sjaelland and Fyn), but excludes the Faroe Islands and Greenland	total: 748 sq km land: 718 sq km water: 30 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly less than twice the size of Massachusetts	four times the size of Washington, DC
Background	Once the seat of Viking raiders and later a major north European power, Denmark has evolved into a modern, prosperous nation that is participating in the general political and economic integration of Europe. It joined NATO in 1949 and the EEC (now the EU) in 1973. However, the country has opted out of certain elements of the European Union's Maastricht Treaty, including the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), European defense cooperation, and issues concerning certain justice and home affairs.	The archipelago of "The Friendly Islands" was united into a Polynesian kingdom in 1845. It became a constitutional monarchy in 1875 and a British protectorate in 1900. Tonga acquired its independence in 1970 and became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. It remains the only monarchy in the Pacific.
Birth rate	10.91 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)	24.08 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget	revenues: $152.2 billion expenditures: $140.6 billion (2006 est.)	revenues: $39.9 million expenditures: $52.4 million, including capital expenditures of $1.9 million (FY99/00 est.)
Capital	name: Copenhagen geographic coordinates: 55 40 N, 12 35 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October	Nuku'alofa
Climate	temperate; humid and overcast; mild, windy winters and cool summers	tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December)
Coastline	7,314 km	419 km
Constitution	5 June 1953 constitution allowed for a unicameral legislature and a female chief of state	4 November 1875, revised 1 January 1967
Country name	conventional long form: Kingdom of Denmark conventional short form: Denmark local long form: Kongeriget Danmark local short form: Danmark	conventional long form: Kingdom of Tonga conventional short form: Tonga former: Friendly Islands
Currency	-	pa'anga (TOP)
Death rate	10.3 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)	5.63 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external	$405 billion (30 June 2006)	$57.5 million (June 2001)
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador James P. CAIN embassy: Dag Hammarskjolds Alle 24, 2100 Copenhagen mailing address: PSC 73, APO AE 09716 telephone: [45] 33 41 71 00 FAX: [45] 35 43 02 23	the US does not have an embassy in Tonga; the ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Tonga
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Friis Arne PETERSEN chancery: 3200 Whitehaven Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 234-4300 FAX: [1] (202) 328-1470 consulate(s) general: Chicago, New York	chief of mission: Ambassador Sonatane T. T. TUPOU chancery: 250 East 51st Street, New York, NY 10022 telephone: [1] (917) 369-1136 FAX: [1] (917) 369-1024 consulate(s) general: San Francisco
Disputes - international	Iceland, the UK, and Ireland dispute Denmark's claim that the Faroe Islands' continental shelf extends beyond 200 nm; Faroese continue to study proposals for full independence; sovereignty dispute with Canada over Hans Island in the Kennedy Channel between Ellesmere Island and Greenland	none
Economic aid - donor	ODA, $2.13 billion (2005)	-
Economic aid - recipient	-	Australia $5.5 million, New Zealand $2.3 million (FY01/02)
Economy - overview	The Danish economy has in recent years undergone strong expansion fueled primarily by private consumption growth, but also supported by exports and investments. This thoroughly modern market economy features high-tech agriculture, up-to-date small-scale and corporate industry, extensive government welfare measures, comfortable living standards, a stable currency, and high dependence on foreign trade. Unemployment is low and capacity constraints are limiting growth potential. Denmark is a net exporter of food and energy and enjoys a comfortable balance of payments surplus. Government objectives include streamlining the bureaucracy and further privatization of state assets. The government has been successful in meeting, and even exceeding, the economic convergence criteria for participating in the third phase (a common European currency) of the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), but Denmark has decided not to join 12 other EU members in the euro. Nonetheless, the Danish krone remains pegged to the euro. Economic growth gained momentum in 2004 and the upturn continued through 2006. The controversy over caricatures of the Prophet Muhammad printed in a Danish newspaper in September 2005 led to boycotts of some Danish exports to the Muslim world, especially exports of dairy products, but the boycotts did not have a significant impact on the overall Danish economy. Because of high GDP per capita, welfare benefits, a low Gini index, and political stability, the Danish living standards are among the highest in the world. A major long-term issue will be the sharp decline in the ratio of workers to retirees.	Tonga has a small, open economy with a narrow export base in agricultural goods. Squash, coconuts, bananas, and vanilla beans are the main crops, and agricultural exports make up two-thirds of total exports. The country must import a high proportion of its food, mainly from New Zealand. Tourism is the second largest source of hard currency earnings following remittances. The country remains dependent on external aid and remittances from Tongan communities overseas to offset its trade deficit. The government is emphasizing the development of the private sector, especially the encouragement of investment, and is committing increased funds for health and education. Tonga has a reasonable basic infrastructure and well-developed social services.
Electricity - consumption	34.02 billion kWh (2005)	27.9 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports	13.72 billion kWh (2006)	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports	6.77 billion kWh (2006)	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production	43.35 billion kWh (2006)	30 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source	-	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Lammefjord -7 m highest point: Yding Skovhoej 173 m	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Kao Island 1,033 m
Environment - current issues	air pollution, principally from vehicle and power plant emissions; nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of the North Sea; drinking and surface water becoming polluted from animal wastes and pesticides	deforestation results as more and more land is being cleared for agriculture and settlement; some damage to coral reefs from starfish and indiscriminate coral and shell collectors; overhunting threatens native sea turtle populations
Environment - international agreements	party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	Scandinavian, Inuit, Faroese, German, Turkish, Iranian, Somali	Polynesian, Europeans about 300
Exchange rates	Danish kroner per US dollar - 5.9468 (2006), 5.9969 (2005), 5.9911 (2004), 6.5877 (2003), 7.8947 (2002)	pa'anga per US dollar - 2.1920 (January 2002), 2.1236 (2001), 1.7585 (2000), 1.5991 (1999), 1.4920 (1998), 1.2635 (1997)
Executive branch	chief of state: Queen MARGRETHE II (since 14 January 1972); Heir Apparent Crown Prince FREDERIK, elder son of the monarch (born 26 May 1968) head of government: Prime Minister Anders Fogh RASMUSSEN (since 27 November 2001) cabinet: Council of State appointed by the monarch elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch	chief of state: King Taufa'ahau TUPOU IV (since 16 December 1965) head of government: Prime Minister Prince Lavaka ata ULUKALALA (since NA February 2000) and Deputy Prime Minister Tevita TOPOU (since NA January 2001) cabinet: Cabinet, appointed by the monarch, consists of 12 members note: there is also a Privy Council that consists of the monarch, the Cabinet, and two governors elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed for life by the monarch
Exports	320,000 bbl/day (2006)	$9.3 million f.o.b. (2000 est.)
Exports - commodities	machinery and instruments, meat and meat products, dairy products, fish, pharmaceuticals, furniture, windmills	squash, fish, vanilla beans, root crops
Exports - partners	Germany 17.4%, Sweden 14.2%, UK 8.8%, US 6.2%, Norway 5.5%, Netherlands 5.2%, France 4.9% (2006)	Japan 50.4%, US 31.6%, NZ 4.1%, Australia 2.1%, Fiji 1.7% (2000 est.)
Fiscal year	calendar year	1 July - 30 June
Flag description	red with a white cross that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side, and that design element of the Dannebrog (Danish flag) was subsequently adopted by the other Nordic countries of Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden	red with a bold red cross on a white rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $225 million (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 1.6% industry: 26.1% services: 72.2% (2006 est.)	agriculture: 30% industry: 10% services: 60% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $2,200 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	3.5% (2006 est.)	5.3% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates	56 00 N, 10 00 E	20 00 S, 175 00 W
Geography - note	controls Danish Straits (Skagerrak and Kattegat) linking Baltic and North Seas; about one-quarter of the population lives in greater Copenhagen	archipelago of 169 islands (36 inhabited)
Highways	-	total: 680 km paved: 184 km unpaved: 496 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: 2% highest 10%: 24% (2000 est.)	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	164,000 bbl/day (2006 est.)	$70 million c.i.f. (2000 est.)
Imports - commodities	machinery and equipment, raw materials and semimanufactures for industry, chemicals, grain and foodstuffs, consumer goods	foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, chemicals
Imports - partners	Germany 21.4%, Sweden 14.1%, Norway 6.5%, Netherlands 6.3%, UK 5.5%, China 5%, France 4.4% (2006)	New Zealand 29.8%, Japan 18.6%, Australia 12.7%, US 12.7%, Fiji 12.2% (2000 est.)
Independence	first organized as a unified state in 10th century; in 1849 became a constitutional monarchy	4 June 1970 (from UK protectorate)
Industrial production growth rate	2.5% (2006 est.)	8.6% (FY98/99)
Industries	iron, steel, nonferrous metals, chemicals, food processing, machinery and transportation equipment, textiles and clothing, electronics, construction, furniture and other wood products, shipbuilding and refurbishment, windmills, pharmaceuticals, medical equipment	tourism, fishing
Infant mortality rate	total: 4.45 deaths/1,000 live births male: 4.49 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.41 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)	13.72 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	1.9% (2006 est.)	9.4% (2001 est.)
International organization participation	AfDB, Arctic Council, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURSO, MONUC, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIL, UNMOGIP, UNOMIG, UNRWA, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WEU (observer), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC	ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO (observer)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	2 (2000)
Irrigated land	4,490 sq km (2003)	NA sq km
Judicial branch	Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch for life)	Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch); Court of Appeal (consists of the Privy Council with the addition of the chief justice of the Supreme Court)
Labor force	2.911 million (2006 est.)	33,908 (1996)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture: 3% industry: 21% services: 76% (2004 est.)	agriculture 65% (1997 est.)
Land boundaries	total: 68 km border countries: Germany 68 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 52.59% permanent crops: 0.19% other: 47.22% (2005)	arable land: 23.61% permanent crops: 43.06% other: 33.33% (1998 est.)
Languages	Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic (an Inuit dialect), German (small minority) note: English is the predominant second language	Tongan, English
Legal system	civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations	based on English law
Legislative branch	unicameral People's Assembly or Folketinget (179 seats, including 2 from Greenland and 2 from the Faroe Islands; members are elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 13 November 2007 (next to be held in 2011) election results: percent of vote by party - Liberal Party 26.2%, Social Democrats 25.5%, Danish People's Party 13.9%, Socialist People's Party 13.0%, Conservative People's Party 10.4%, Social Liberal Party 5.1%, other 5.9%; seats by party - Liberal Party 46, Social Democrats 45, Danish People's Party 25, Socialist People's Party 23, Conservative People's Party 18, Social Liberal Party 9, other 9; note - does not include the two seats from Greenland and the two seats from the Faroe Islands	unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fale Alea (30 seats - 12 reserved for cabinet ministers sitting ex officio, nine for nobles selected by the country's 33 nobles, and nine elected by popular vote; members serve three-year terms) elections: last held 7 March 2002 (next to be held NA 2005) election results: percent of vote - pro-democratic 70%; seats - pro-democratic 7, traditionalist 2
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 77.96 years male: 75.65 years female: 80.41 years (2007 est.)	total population: 68.56 years male: 66.13 years female: 71.11 years (2002 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99% male: 99% female: 99% (2003 est.)	definition: can read and write Tongan and/or English total population: 98.5% male: 98.4% female: 98.7% (1996 est.)
Location	Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, on a peninsula north of Germany (Jutland); also includes two major islands (Sjaelland and Fyn)	Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
Map references	Europe	Oceania
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation	continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	total: 299 ships (1000 GRT or over) 8,767,265 GRT/10,604,081 DWT by type: bulk carrier 7, cargo 64, chemical tanker 57, container 84, liquefied gas 2, livestock carrier 2, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 41, petroleum tanker 22, refrigerated cargo 7, roll on/roll off 8, specialized tanker 4 foreign-owned: 25 (Canada 1, Germany 13, Greece 4, Greenland 1, Norway 1, Sweden 4, UK 1) registered in other countries: 468 (Antigua and Barbuda 15, Bahamas 66, Belgium 3, Brazil 2, Cayman Islands 3, Cyprus 1, Egypt 1, Estonia 2, France 3, Gibraltar 9, Hong Kong 12, Isle of Man 41, Italy 2, Jamaica 1, Liberia 12, Lithuania 9, Malta 10, Marshall Islands 9, Mexico 2, Netherlands 19, Netherlands Antilles 1, Norway 26, Panama 32, Portugal 3, Singapore 68, South Africa 1, Spain 2, St Vincent and The Grenadines 16, Sweden 4, UK 61, US 29, Venezuela 3) (2007)	total: 80 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 292,139 GRT/421,221 DWT ships by type: bulk 10, cargo 54, liquefied gas 4, petroleum tanker 8, roll on/roll off 4 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Albania 1, Australia 4, Austria 1, Bolivia 1, Cyprus 1, Djibouti 1, Egypt 2, Greece 4, Lebanon 2, Liberia 2, Marshall Islands 2, Morocco 1, Norway 1, Panama 1, Romania 3, Russia 1, Sao Tome and Principe 1, Saudi Arabia 2, Singapore 1, Sweden 1, Switzerland 3, Syria 5, Ukraine 1, United Arab Emirates 16, United States 4 (2002 est.)
Military branches	Defense Command: Army Operational Command, Admiral Danish Fleet, Island Command Greenland, Tactical Air Command (2006)	Tonga Defense Services (made up of three operational command components and two support elements, including the Royal Marines, Royal Guards, Maritime Force, a support/logistics group, and a training group), Police; note - a new air wing that will be subordinate to the Ministry of Defense is being developed
Military expenditures - dollar figure	-	$NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	1.5% (2006; 1.28% 2007 est.; 1.24% 2008 projected)	NA%
National holiday	none designated; Constitution Day, 5 June (1849) is generally viewed as the National Day	Independence Day, 4 June (1970)
Nationality	noun: Dane(s) adjective: Danish	noun: Tongan(s) adjective: Tongan
Natural hazards	flooding is a threat in some areas of the country (e.g., parts of Jutland, along the southern coast of the island of Lolland) that are protected from the sea by a system of dikes	cyclones (October to April); earthquakes and volcanic activity on Fonuafo'ou
Natural resources	petroleum, natural gas, fish, salt, limestone, chalk, stone, gravel and sand	fish, fertile soil
Net migration rate	2.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Pipelines	condensate 12 km; gas 3,931 km; oil 626 km; oil/gas/water 2 km (2006)	-
Political parties and leaders	Christian Democrats [Bodil KORNBEK] (was Christian People's Party); Conservative Party [Bendt BENDTSEN] (sometimes known as Conservative People's Party); Danish People's Party [Pia KJAERSGAARD]; Liberal Party [Anders Fogh RASMUSSEN]; New Alliance [Naser KHADER]; Red-Green Unity List [collective leadership] (bloc includes Left Socialist Party, Communist Party of Denmark, Socialist Workers' Party); Social Democratic Party [Helle THORNING-SCHMIDT]; Social Liberal Party [Margrethe VESTAGER]; Socialist People's Party [Villy SOEVNDAL]	there are no political parties
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	Tonga Human Rights and Democracy Movement or THRDM [Akilisi POHIVA, president]
Population	5,468,120 (July 2007 est.)	106,137 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	NA%
Population growth rate	0.311% (2007 est.)	1.85% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	-	Neiafu, Nuku'alofa, Pangai
Radio broadcast stations	AM 2, FM 355, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 1 (2001)
Radios	-	61,000 (1997)
Railways	total: 2,644 km standard gauge: 2,644 km 1.435-m gauge (636 km electrified) (2007)	0 km
Religions	Evangelical Lutheran 95%, other Christian (includes Protestant and Roman Catholic) 3%, Muslim 2%	Christian (Free Wesleyan Church claims over 30,000 adherents)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.053 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.014 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female total population: 0.977 male(s)/female (2007 est.)	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	21 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: excellent telephone and telegraph services domestic: buried and submarine cables and microwave radio relay form trunk network, 4 cellular mobile communications systems international: country code - 45; a series of fiber-optic submarine cables link Denmark with Canada, Faroe Islands, Germany, Iceland, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, Sweden, and UK; satellite earth stations - 6 Intelsat, 10 Eutelsat, 1 Orion, 1 Inmarsat (Blaavand-Atlantic-East); note - the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) share the Danish earth station and the Eik, Norway, station for worldwide Inmarsat access	general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (1996)
Telephones - main lines in use	3.098 million (2006)	8,000 (1996)
Telephones - mobile cellular	5.841 million (2006)	302 (1996)
Television broadcast stations	26 (plus 51 repeaters) (1998)	2 (2001)
Terrain	low and flat to gently rolling plains	most islands have limestone base formed from uplifted coral formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic base
Total fertility rate	1.74 children born/woman (2007 est.)	3 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate	3.8% (2006 est.)	13.3% (1996 est.)
Waterways	400 km (2007)	none

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