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Compare Cameroon (2004) - Burundi (2001)

Compare Cameroon (2004) z Burundi (2001)

 Cameroon (2004)Burundi (2001)
 CameroonBurundi
Administrative divisions 10 provinces; Adamaoua, Centre, Est, Extreme-Nord, Littoral, Nord, Nord-Ouest, Ouest, Sud, Sud-Ouest 16 provinces; Bubanza, Bujumbura, Bururi, Cankuzo, Cibitoke, Gitega, Karuzi, Kayanza, Kirundo, Makamba, Muramvya, Muyinga, Mwaro, Ngozi, Rutana, Ruyigi
Age structure 0-14 years: 42% (male 3,416,086; female 3,334,904)


15-64 years: 54.8% (male 4,425,246; female 4,370,329)


65 years and over: 3.2% (male 233,506; female 283,607) (2004 est.)
0-14 years:
46.82% (male 1,472,618; female 1,441,548)

15-64 years:
50.37% (male 1,541,131; female 1,593,743)

65 years and over:
2.81% (male 71,984; female 102,873) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products coffee, cocoa, cotton, rubber, bananas, oilseed, grains, root starches; livestock; timber coffee, cotton, tea, corn, sorghum, sweet potatoes, bananas, manioc (tapioca); beef, milk, hides
Airports 47 (2003 est.) 4 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 11


over 3,047 m: 2


2,438 to 3,047 m: 4


1,524 to 2,437 m: 3


914 to 1,523 m: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
total:
1

over 3,047 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 36


1,524 to 2,437 m: 7


914 to 1,523 m: 20


under 914 m: 9 (2004 est.)
total:
3

914 to 1,523 m:
3 (2000 est.)
Area total: 475,440 sq km


land: 469,440 sq km


water: 6,000 sq km
total:
27,830 sq km

land:
25,650 sq km

water:
2,180 sq km
Area - comparative slightly larger than California slightly smaller than Maryland
Background The former French Cameroon and part of British Cameroon merged in 1961 to form the present country. Cameroon has generally enjoyed stability, which has permitted the development of agriculture, roads, and railways, as well as a petroleum industry. Despite movement toward democratic reform, political power remains firmly in the hands of an ethnic oligarchy. Between 1993 and 2000, wide-spread, often intense ethnic violence between Hutu and Tutsi factions in Burundi created hundreds of thousands of refugees and left tens of thousands dead. Although some refugees have returned from neighboring countries, continued ethnic strife has forced many others to flee. Burundian troops, seeking to secure their borders, have intervened in the conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Birth rate 35.08 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) 40.13 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $2.442 billion


expenditures: $1.941 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2003 est.)
revenues:
$125 million

expenditures:
$176 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
Capital Yaounde Bujumbura
Climate varies with terrain, from tropical along coast to semiarid and hot in north equatorial; high plateau with considerable altitude variation (772 m to 2,670 m above sea level); average annual temperature varies with altitude from 23 to 17 degrees centigrade but is generally moderate as the average altitude is about 1,700 m; average annual rainfall is about 150 cm; wet seasons from February to May and September to November, and dry seasons from June to August and December to January
Coastline 402 km 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution 20 May 1972 approved by referendum; 2 June 1972 formally adopted; revised January 1996 13 March 1992; provided for establishment of a plural political system; supplanted on 6 June 1998 by a Transitional Constitution which enlarged the National Assembly and created two vice presidents
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Cameroon


conventional short form: Cameroon


former: French Cameroon
conventional long form:
Republic of Burundi

conventional short form:
Burundi

local long form:
Republika y'u Burundi

local short form:
Burundi

former:
Urundi
Currency Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note - responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States Burundi franc (BIF)
Death rate 15.34 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) 16.36 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $7.236 billion (2003 est.) $1.12 billion (1999 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador George McDade STAPLES


embassy: Rue Nachtigal, Yaounde


mailing address: P. O. Box 817, Yaounde; pouch: American Embassy, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-2520


telephone: [237] 223-05-12, 222-25-89, 222-17-94, 223-40-14


FAX: [237] 223-07-53


branch office(s): Douala
chief of mission:
Ambassador Mary Carlin YATES

embassy:
Avenue des Etats-Unis, Bujumbura

mailing address:
B. P. 1720, Bujumbura

telephone:
[257] 223454

FAX:
[257] 222926
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Jerome MENDOUGA


chancery: 2349 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 265-8790


FAX: [1] (202) 387-3826
chief of mission:
Ambassador Thomas NDIKUMANA

chancery:
Suite 212, 2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007

telephone:
[1] (202) 342-2574

FAX:
[1] (202) 342-2578
Disputes - international ICJ ruled in 2002 on the entire Cameroon-Nigeria land and maritime boundary but the parties formed a Joint Border Commission to resolve differences bilaterally and have commenced with demarcation in less-contested sections of the boundary, starting in Lake Chad in the north; the ICF ruled on an equidistance settlement of Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea-Nigeria maritime boundary in the Gulf of Guinea, however, implementation of the decision is delayed due to imprecisely defined coordinates, the unresolved Bakasi allocation, and a sovereignty dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the Ntem River; Nigeria initially rejected cession of the Bakasi Peninsula; Lake Chad Commission continues to urge signatories Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria to ratify delimitation treaty over the lake region, which remains the site of armed clashes among local populations and militias none
Economic aid - recipient on 23 January 2001, the Paris Club agreed to reduce Cameroon's debt of $1.3 billion by $900 million; debt relief now totals $1.26 billion $1.344 billion (1999 est.)
Economy - overview Because of its oil resources and favorable agricultural conditions, Cameroon has one of the best-endowed primary commodity economies in sub-Saharan Africa. Still, it faces many of the serious problems facing other underdeveloped countries, such as a top-heavy civil service and a generally unfavorable climate for business enterprise. Since 1990, the government has embarked on various IMF and World Bank programs designed to spur business investment, increase efficiency in agriculture, improve trade, and recapitalize the nation's banks. In June 2000, the government completed an IMF-sponsored, three-year structural adjustment program; however, the IMF is pressing for more reforms, including increased budget transparency, privatization, and poverty reduction programs. International oil and cocoa prices have considerable impact on the economy. Burundi is a landlocked, resource-poor country with an underdeveloped manufacturing sector. The economy is predominantly agricultural with roughly 90% of the population dependent on subsistence agriculture. Its economic health depends on the coffee crop, which accounts for 80% of foreign exchange earnings. The ability to pay for imports therefore rests largely on the vagaries of the climate and the international coffee market. Since October 1993 the nation has suffered from massive ethnic-based violence which has resulted in the death of perhaps 250,000 persons and the displacement of about 800,000 others. Only one in four children go to school, and one in nine adults has HIV/AIDS. Foods, medicines, and electricity remain in short supply.
Electricity - consumption 3.36 billion kWh (2001) 160.1 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2001) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2001) 29 million kWh

note:
supplied by the Democratic Republic of the Congo (1999)
Electricity - production 3.613 billion kWh (2001) 141 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
0.71%

hydro:
99.29%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Fako (on Mount Cameroon) 4,095 m
lowest point:
Lake Tanganyika 772 m

highest point:
Mount Heha 2,670 m
Environment - current issues water-borne diseases are prevalent; deforestation; overgrazing; desertification; poaching; overfishing soil erosion as a result of overgrazing and the expansion of agriculture into marginal lands; deforestation (little forested land remains because of uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel); habitat loss threatens wildlife populations
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection

signed, but not ratified:
Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban
Ethnic groups Cameroon Highlanders 31%, Equatorial Bantu 19%, Kirdi 11%, Fulani 10%, Northwestern Bantu 8%, Eastern Nigritic 7%, other African 13%, non-African less than 1% Hutu (Bantu) 85%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 14%, Twa (Pygmy) 1%, Europeans 3,000, South Asians 2,000
Exchange rates Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XAF) per US dollar - 581.2 (2003), 696.988 (2002), 733.039 (2001), 711.976 (2000), 615.699 (1999) Burundi francs per US dollar - 782.36 (January 2001), 720.67 (2000), 563.56 (1999), 477.77 (1998), 352.35 (1997), 302.75 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: President Paul BIYA (since 6 November 1982)


head of government: Prime Minister Ephraim INONI (since 8 Dec 2004)


cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from proposals submitted by the prime minister


elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; election last held 11 October 2004 (next to be held NA October 2011); prime minister appointed by the president


election results: President Paul BIYA reelected; percent of vote - Paul BIYA 70.9%, John FRU NDI 17.4%, Adamou Ndam NJOYA 4.5%, Garga Haman ADJI 3.7%
chief of state:
President Pierre BUYOYA (interim president since 27 September 1996, officially sworn in 11 June 1998), First Vice President Frederic BAMVUGINYUMVIRA (since NA June 1998), Second Vice President Mathias SINAMENYE (since NA June 1998); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Pierre BUYOYA (interim president since 27 September 1996, officially sworn in 11 June 1998), First Vice President Frederic BAMVUGINYUMVIRA (since NA June 1998), Second Vice President Mathias SINAMENYE (since NA June 1998); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by president

elections:
NA; current president assumed power following a coup on 25 July 1996 in which former President NTIBANTUNGANYA was overthrown
Exports NA (2001) $32 million (f.o.b., 2000)
Exports - commodities crude oil and petroleum products, lumber, cocoa beans, aluminum, coffee, cotton coffee, tea, sugar, cotton, hides
Exports - partners Spain 21.9%, Italy 13.4%, France 10.8%, Netherlands 10.6%, US 7.5%, China 4.4% (2003) Germany 17%, Belgium 14%, US 8%, France 6%, Switzerland 4% (1999)
Fiscal year 1 July - 30 June calendar year
Flag description three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), red, and yellow with a yellow five-pointed star centered in the red band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia divided by a white diagonal cross into red panels (top and bottom) and green panels (hoist side and outer side) with a white disk superimposed at the center bearing three red six-pointed stars outlined in green arranged in a triangular design (one star above, two stars below)
GDP purchasing power parity - $27.75 billion (2003 est.) purchasing power parity - $4.4 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 42.6%


industry: 19.8%


services: 37.6% (2003 est.)
agriculture:
50%

industry:
18%

services:
32% (1999 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,800 (2003 est.) purchasing power parity - $720 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 4.2% (2003 est.) 1.8% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 6 00 N, 12 00 E 3 30 S, 30 00 E
Geography - note sometimes referred to as the hinge of Africa; throughout the country there are areas of thermal springs and indications of current or prior volcanic activity; Mount Cameroon, the highest mountain in Sub-Saharan west Africa, is an active volcano landlocked; straddles crest of the Nile-Congo watershed
Highways total: 34,300 km


paved: 4,288 km


unpaved: 30,012 km (1999 est.)
total:
14,480 km

paved:
1,028 km

unpaved:
13,452 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: 1.9%


highest 10%: 36.6% (1996)
lowest 10%:
3.4%

highest 10%:
26.6% (1992)
Imports NA (2001) $110 million (f.o.b., 2000)
Imports - commodities machinery, electrical equipment, transport equipment, fuel, food capital goods, petroleum products, foodstuffs
Imports - partners France 21.9%, Nigeria 9.5%, Japan 6.8%, US 5.7%, China 4.9%, Germany 4.3% (2003) Belgium 20%, Zambia 11%, Kenya 8%, South Africa 5%, France 4% (1999)
Independence 1 January 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship) 1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian administration)
Industrial production growth rate 4.2% (1999 est.) 6.3% (1999 est.)
Industries petroleum production and refining, food processing, light consumer goods, textiles, lumber light consumer goods such as blankets, shoes, soap; assembly of imported components; public works construction; food processing
Infant mortality rate total: 69.18 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 73.16 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 65.09 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
70.74 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2.3% (2003 est.) 22% (2000 est.)
International organization participation ABEDA, ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, C, CEMAC, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEEAC, CEPGL, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 1 (2000)
Irrigated land 330 sq km (1998 est.) 140 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president); High Court of Justice (consists of 9 judges and 6 substitute judges, elected by the National Assembly) Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; Constitutional Court; Courts of Appeal (there are three in separate locations); Tribunals of First Instance (17 at the province level and 123 small local tribunals)
Labor force 6.49 million NA (2003) 1.9 million
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 70%, industry and commerce 13%, other 17% NA
Land boundaries total: 4,591 km


border countries: Central African Republic 797 km, Chad 1,094 km, Republic of the Congo 523 km, Equatorial Guinea 189 km, Gabon 298 km, Nigeria 1,690 km
total:
974 km

border countries:
Democratic Republic of the Congo 233 km, Rwanda 290 km, Tanzania 451 km
Land use arable land: 12.81%


permanent crops: 2.58%


other: 84.61% (2001)
arable land:
44%

permanent crops:
9%

permanent pastures:
36%

forests and woodland:
3%

other:
8% (1993 est.)
Languages 24 major African language groups, English (official), French (official) Kirundi (official), French (official), Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area)
Legal system based on French civil law system, with common law influence; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction based on German and Belgian civil codes and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (180 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms; note - the president can either lengthen or shorten the term of the legislature)


elections: last held 23 June 2002 (next to be held NA 2007)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - RDCP 133, SDF 21, UDC 5, other 21


note: the constitution calls for an upper chamber for the legislature, to be called a Senate, but it has yet to be established
unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (121 seats; note - new Transitional Constitution expanded the number of seats from 81 to 121 in 1998; members are elected by popular vote on a proportional basis to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 29 June 1993 (next was scheduled to be held in 1998, but suspended by presidential decree in 1996)

election results:
percent of vote by party - FRODEBU 71.04%, UPRONA 21.4%, other 7.56%; seats by party - FRODEBU 65, UPRONA 16, various other parties 40
Life expectancy at birth total population: 47.95 years


male: 47.1 years


female: 48.83 years (2004 est.)
total population:
46.06 years

male:
45.15 years

female:
46.99 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 79%


male: 84.7%


female: 73.4% (2003 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
35.3%

male:
49.3%

female:
22.5% (1995 est.)
Location Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Biafra, between Equatorial Guinea and Nigeria Central Africa, east of Democratic Republic of the Congo
Map references Africa Africa
Maritime claims territorial sea: 50 nm none (landlocked)
Merchant marine total: 1 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 169,593 GRT/357,023 DWT


by type: petroleum tanker 1 (2004 est.)
-
Military branches Army, Navy (includes Naval Infantry), Air Force Army (includes naval and air units), paramilitary Gendarmerie
Military expenditures - dollar figure $189.2 million (2003) $57 million (FY97)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1.4% (2003) 6.1% (FY97)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 3,898,944 (2004 est.) males age 15-49:
1,394,273 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 1,979,151 (2004 est.) males age 15-49:
728,326 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 16 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males: 184,054 (2004 est.) males:
79,360 (2001 est.)
National holiday Republic Day (National Day), 20 May (1972) Independence Day, 1 July (1962)
Nationality noun: Cameroonian(s)


adjective: Cameroonian
noun:
Burundian(s)

adjective:
Burundi
Natural hazards volcanic activity with periodic releases of poisonous gases from Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun volcanoes flooding, landslides, drought
Natural resources petroleum, bauxite, iron ore, timber, hydropower nickel, uranium, rare earth oxides, peat, cobalt, copper, platinum (not yet exploited), vanadium, arable land, hydropower
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines gas 90 km; liquid petroleum gas 9 km; oil 1,120 km (2004) -
Political parties and leaders Cameroonian Democratic Union or UDC [Adamou NDAM NJOYA]; Democratic Rally of the Cameroon People or RDCP [Paul BIYA]; Movement for the Defense of the Republic or MDR [Dakole DAISSALA]; Movement for the Liberation and Development of Cameroon or MLDC [leader Marcel YONDO]; Movement for the Youth of Cameroon or MYC [Dieudonne TINA]; National Union for Democracy and Progress or UNDP [Maigari BELLO BOUBA]; Social Democratic Front or SDF [John FRU NDI]; Union of Cameroonian Populations or UPC [Augustin Frederic KODOCK] Two national, mainstream governing parties are: Unity for National Progress or UPRONA [Luc RUKINGAMA, president]; Burundi Democratic Front or FRODEBU [Jean MINANI, president]

note:
A multiparty system was introduced after 1998, included are: Burundi African Alliance for the Salvation or ABASA [Terrence NSANZE]; Rally for Democracy and Economic and Social Development or RADDES [Joseph NZENZIMANA]; Party for National Redress or PARENA [Jean-Baptiste BAGAZA]; People's Reconciliation Party or PRP [Mathias HITIMANA]
Political pressure groups and leaders Southern Cameroon National Council [Ayamba Ette OTUN]; Human Rights Defense Group [Albert MUKONG, president] Loosely organized Tutsi militias, often affiliated with Tutsi extremist parties
Population 16,063,678


note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2004 est.)
6,223,897

note:
estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line 48% (2000 est.) 36.2% (1990 est.)
Population growth rate 1.97% (2004 est.) 2.38% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Bonaberi, Douala, Garoua, Kribi, Tiko Bujumbura
Radio broadcast stations AM 2, FM 9, shortwave 3 (2002) AM 2, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios - 440,000 (1997)
Railways total: 1,008 km


narrow gauge: 1,008 km 1.000-m gauge (2003)
0 km
Religions indigenous beliefs 40%, Christian 40%, Muslim 20% Christian 67% (Roman Catholic 62%, Protestant 5%), indigenous beliefs 23%, Muslim 10%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female


total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.02 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.97 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.7 male(s)/female

total population:
0.98 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 20 years of age; universal NA years of age; universal adult
Telephone system general assessment: available only to business and government


domestic: cable, microwave radio relay, and tropospheric scatter


international: country code - 237; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); fiber optic submarine cable (SAT-3/WASC) provides connectivity to Europe and Asia
general assessment:
primitive system

domestic:
sparse system of open wire, radiotelephone communications, and low-capacity microwave radio relay

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 110,900 (2002) 16,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 1.077 million (2003) 619 (1997)
Television broadcast stations 1 (2002) 1 (1999)
Terrain diverse, with coastal plain in southwest, dissected plateau in center, mountains in west, plains in north hilly and mountainous, dropping to a plateau in east, some plains
Total fertility rate 4.55 children born/woman (2004 est.) 6.16 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 30% (2001 est.) NA%
Waterways navigation mainly on Benue River; limited during rainy season (2004) Lake Tanganyika
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