Compare Cameroon (2004) - Angola (2006)

Compare Cameroon (2004) z Angola (2006)

	Cameroon (2004)	Angola (2006)

Administrative divisions	10 provinces; Adamaoua, Centre, Est, Extreme-Nord, Littoral, Nord, Nord-Ouest, Ouest, Sud, Sud-Ouest	18 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Bengo, Benguela, Bie, Cabinda, Cuando Cubango, Cuanza Norte, Cuanza Sul, Cunene, Huambo, Huila, Luanda, Lunda Norte, Lunda Sul, Malanje, Moxico, Namibe, Uige, Zaire
Age structure	0-14 years: 42% (male 3,416,086; female 3,334,904) 15-64 years: 54.8% (male 4,425,246; female 4,370,329) 65 years and over: 3.2% (male 233,506; female 283,607) (2004 est.)	0-14 years: 43.7% (male 2,678,185/female 2,625,933) 15-64 years: 53.5% (male 3,291,954/female 3,195,688) 65 years and over: 2.8% (male 148,944/female 186,367) (2006 est.)
Agriculture - products	coffee, cocoa, cotton, rubber, bananas, oilseed, grains, root starches; livestock; timber	bananas, sugarcane, coffee, sisal, corn, cotton, manioc (tapioca), tobacco, vegetables, plantains; livestock; forest products; fish
Airports	47 (2003 est.)	244 (2006)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 11 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)	total: 31 over 3,047 m: 5 2,438 to 3,047 m: 8 1,524 to 2,437 m: 12 914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 1 (2006)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 36 1,524 to 2,437 m: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 20 under 914 m: 9 (2004 est.)	total: 213 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 5 1,524 to 2,437 m: 30 914 to 1,523 m: 95 under 914 m: 81 (2006)
Area	total: 475,440 sq km land: 469,440 sq km water: 6,000 sq km	total: 1,246,700 sq km land: 1,246,700 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly larger than California	slightly less than twice the size of Texas
Background	The former French Cameroon and part of British Cameroon merged in 1961 to form the present country. Cameroon has generally enjoyed stability, which has permitted the development of agriculture, roads, and railways, as well as a petroleum industry. Despite movement toward democratic reform, political power remains firmly in the hands of an ethnic oligarchy.	Angola is slowly rebuilding its country after the end of a 27-year civil war in 2002. Fighting between the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), led by Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS, and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), led by Jonas SAVIMBI, followed independence from Portugal in 1975. Peace seemed imminent in 1992 when Angola held national elections, but UNITA renewed fighting after being beaten by the MPLA at the polls. Up to 1.5 million lives may have been lost - and 4 million people displaced - in the quarter century of fighting. SAVIMBI's death in 2002 ended UNITA's insurgency and strengthened the MPLA's hold on power. DOS SANTOS has pledged to hold legislative elections in 2006.
Birth rate	35.08 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)	45.11 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Budget	revenues: $2.442 billion expenditures: $1.941 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2003 est.)	revenues: $8.5 billion expenditures: $10 billion; including capital expenditures of $963 million (2005 est.)
Capital	Yaounde	name: Luanda geographic coordinates: 8 48 S, 13 14 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate	varies with terrain, from tropical along coast to semiarid and hot in north	semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April)
Coastline	402 km	1,600 km
Constitution	20 May 1972 approved by referendum; 2 June 1972 formally adopted; revised January 1996	11 November 1975; revised 7 January 1978, 11 August 1980, 6 March 1991, and 26 August 1992; note - a new constitution will likely be passed following the next legislative election
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Cameroon conventional short form: Cameroon former: French Cameroon	conventional long form: Republic of Angola conventional short form: Angola local long form: Republica de Angola local short form: Angola former: People's Republic of Angola
Currency	Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note - responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States	-
Death rate	15.34 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)	24.2 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Debt - external	$7.236 billion (2003 est.)	$9.401 billion (2005 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador George McDade STAPLES embassy: Rue Nachtigal, Yaounde mailing address: P. O. Box 817, Yaounde; pouch: American Embassy, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-2520 telephone: [237] 223-05-12, 222-25-89, 222-17-94, 223-40-14 FAX: [237] 223-07-53 branch office(s): Douala	chief of mission: Ambassador Cynthia EFIRD embassy: number 32 Rua Houari Boumedienne (in the Miramar area of Luanda), Luanda mailing address: international mail: Caixa Postal 6468, Luanda; pouch: US Embassy Luanda,US Department of State, 2550 Luanda Place, Washington, DC 20521-2550 telephone: [244] (222) 64-1000 FAX: [244] (222) 64-1232
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Jerome MENDOUGA chancery: 2349 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 265-8790 FAX: [1] (202) 387-3826	chief of mission: Ambassador Josefina Perpetua Pitra DIAKITI chancery: 2108 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: [1] (202) 785-1156 FAX: [1] (202) 785-1258 consulate(s) general: Houston, New York
Disputes - international	ICJ ruled in 2002 on the entire Cameroon-Nigeria land and maritime boundary but the parties formed a Joint Border Commission to resolve differences bilaterally and have commenced with demarcation in less-contested sections of the boundary, starting in Lake Chad in the north; the ICF ruled on an equidistance settlement of Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea-Nigeria maritime boundary in the Gulf of Guinea, however, implementation of the decision is delayed due to imprecisely defined coordinates, the unresolved Bakasi allocation, and a sovereignty dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the Ntem River; Nigeria initially rejected cession of the Bakasi Peninsula; Lake Chad Commission continues to urge signatories Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria to ratify delimitation treaty over the lake region, which remains the site of armed clashes among local populations and militias	many Cabinda exclave secessionists have sought shelter in neighboring states
Economic aid - recipient	on 23 January 2001, the Paris Club agreed to reduce Cameroon's debt of $1.3 billion by $900 million; debt relief now totals $1.26 billion	$383.5 million (1999)
Economy - overview	Because of its oil resources and favorable agricultural conditions, Cameroon has one of the best-endowed primary commodity economies in sub-Saharan Africa. Still, it faces many of the serious problems facing other underdeveloped countries, such as a top-heavy civil service and a generally unfavorable climate for business enterprise. Since 1990, the government has embarked on various IMF and World Bank programs designed to spur business investment, increase efficiency in agriculture, improve trade, and recapitalize the nation's banks. In June 2000, the government completed an IMF-sponsored, three-year structural adjustment program; however, the IMF is pressing for more reforms, including increased budget transparency, privatization, and poverty reduction programs. International oil and cocoa prices have considerable impact on the economy.	Angola's high growth rate is driven by its oil sector, with record oil prices and rising petroleum production. Oil production and its supporting activities contribute about half of GDP and 90% of exports. Increased oil production supported 12% growth in 2004 and 19% growth in 2005. A postwar reconstruction boom and resettlement of displaced persons has led to high rates of growth in construction and agriculture as well. Much of the country's infrastructure is still damaged or undeveloped from the 27-year-long civil war. Remnants of the conflict such as widespread land mines still mar the countryside even though an apparently durable peace was established after the death of rebel leader Jonas SAVIMBI in February 2002. Subsistence agriculture provides the main livelihood for half of the population, but half of the country's food must still be imported. In 2005, the government started using a $2 billion line of credit from China to rebuild Angola's public infrastructure, and several large-scale projects are scheduled for completion by 2006. The central bank in 2003 implemented an exchange rate stabilization program using foreign exchange reserves to buy kwanzas out of circulation, a policy that was more sustainable in 2005 because of strong oil export earnings, and has significantly reduced inflation. Consumer inflation declined from 325% in 2000 to about 18% in 2005, but the stabilization policy places pressure on international net liquidity. To fully take advantage of its rich national resources - gold, diamonds, extensive forests, Atlantic fisheries, and large oil deposits - Angola will need to continue reforming government policies and to reduce corruption. The government has made sufficient progress on reforms recommended by the IMF such as promoting greater transparency in government spending but continues to be without a formal monitoring agreement with the institution.
Electricity - consumption	3.36 billion kWh (2001)	1.9 billion kWh (2004)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2003)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2003)
Electricity - production	3.613 billion kWh (2001)	2.24 billion kWh (2004)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Fako (on Mount Cameroon) 4,095 m	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Morro de Moco 2,620 m
Environment - current issues	water-borne diseases are prevalent; deforestation; overgrazing; desertification; poaching; overfishing	overuse of pastures and subsequent soil erosion attributable to population pressures; desertification; deforestation of tropical rain forest, in response to both international demand for tropical timber and to domestic use as fuel, resulting in loss of biodiversity; soil erosion contributing to water pollution and siltation of rivers and dams; inadequate supplies of potable water
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94 signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	Cameroon Highlanders 31%, Equatorial Bantu 19%, Kirdi 11%, Fulani 10%, Northwestern Bantu 8%, Eastern Nigritic 7%, other African 13%, non-African less than 1%	Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%, mestico (mixed European and native African) 2%, European 1%, other 22%
Exchange rates	Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XAF) per US dollar - 581.2 (2003), 696.988 (2002), 733.039 (2001), 711.976 (2000), 615.699 (1999)	kwanza per US dollar - 88.6 (2005), 83.541 (2004), 74.606 (2003), 43.53 (2002), 22.058 (2001)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Paul BIYA (since 6 November 1982) head of government: Prime Minister Ephraim INONI (since 8 Dec 2004) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from proposals submitted by the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; election last held 11 October 2004 (next to be held NA October 2011); prime minister appointed by the president election results: President Paul BIYA reelected; percent of vote - Paul BIYA 70.9%, John FRU NDI 17.4%, Adamou Ndam NJOYA 4.5%, Garga Haman ADJI 3.7%	chief of state: President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21 September 1979); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government head of government: President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21 September 1979); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government; Fernando de Piedade Dias DOS SANTOS was appointed Prime Minister on 6 December 2002 cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president elections: president elected by universal ballot for a five-year term (eligible for a second consecutive or discontinuous term) under the 1992 constitution; President DOS SANTOS originally elected (in 1979) without opposition under a one-party system and stood for reelection in Angola's first multiparty elections 29-30 September 1992 (next to be held September 2006 or 2007) election results: Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS 49.6%, Jonas SAVIMBI 40.1%, making a run-off election necessary; the run-off was not held and SAVIMBI's National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) repudiated the results of the first election; the civil war resumed leaving DOS SANTOS in his current position as the president
Exports	NA (2001)	NA bbl/day
Exports - commodities	crude oil and petroleum products, lumber, cocoa beans, aluminum, coffee, cotton	crude oil, diamonds, refined petroleum products, gas, coffee, sisal, fish and fish products, timber, cotton
Exports - partners	Spain 21.9%, Italy 13.4%, France 10.8%, Netherlands 10.6%, US 7.5%, China 4.4% (2003)	US 39.8%, China 29.6%, France 7.8%, Chile 5.4%, Taiwan 4.4% (2005)
Fiscal year	1 July - 30 June	calendar year
Flag description	three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), red, and yellow with a yellow five-pointed star centered in the red band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia	two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle)
GDP	purchasing power parity - $27.75 billion (2003 est.)	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 42.6% industry: 19.8% services: 37.6% (2003 est.)	agriculture: 9.6% industry: 65.8% services: 24.6% (2005 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $1,800 (2003 est.)	-
GDP - real growth rate	4.2% (2003 est.)	19.9% (2005 est.)
Geographic coordinates	6 00 N, 12 00 E	12 30 S, 18 30 E
Geography - note	sometimes referred to as the hinge of Africa; throughout the country there are areas of thermal springs and indications of current or prior volcanic activity; Mount Cameroon, the highest mountain in Sub-Saharan west Africa, is an active volcano	the province of Cabinda is an exclave, separated from the rest of the country by the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Highways	total: 34,300 km paved: 4,288 km unpaved: 30,012 km (1999 est.)	-
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: 1.9% highest 10%: 36.6% (1996)	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs	-	used as a transshipment point for cocaine destined for Western Europe and other African states
Imports	NA (2001)	NA bbl/day
Imports - commodities	machinery, electrical equipment, transport equipment, fuel, food	machinery and electrical equipment, vehicles and spare parts; medicines, food, textiles, military goods
Imports - partners	France 21.9%, Nigeria 9.5%, Japan 6.8%, US 5.7%, China 4.9%, Germany 4.3% (2003)	South Korea 20.8%, Portugal 13.6%, US 12.7%, South Africa 7.5%, Brazil 5.6%, France 5.3%, China 5.1% (2005)
Independence	1 January 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)	11 November 1975 (from Portugal)
Industrial production growth rate	4.2% (1999 est.)	13.5% (2004)
Industries	petroleum production and refining, food processing, light consumer goods, textiles, lumber	petroleum; diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, feldspar, bauxite, uranium, and gold; cement; basic metal products; fish processing; food processing, brewing, tobacco products, sugar; textiles; ship repair
Infant mortality rate	total: 69.18 deaths/1,000 live births male: 73.16 deaths/1,000 live births female: 65.09 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)	total: 185.36 deaths/1,000 live births male: 197.56 deaths/1,000 live births female: 172.54 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	2.3% (2003 est.)	23% (2005 est.)
International organization participation	ABEDA, ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, C, CEMAC, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO	ACP, AfDB, AU, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Irrigated land	330 sq km (1998 est.)	800 sq km (2003)
Judicial branch	Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president); High Court of Justice (consists of 9 judges and 6 substitute judges, elected by the National Assembly)	Supreme Court and separate provincial courts (judges are appointed by the president)
Labor force	6.49 million NA (2003)	5.58 million (2005 est.)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 70%, industry and commerce 13%, other 17%	agriculture: 85% industry and services: 15% (2003 est.)
Land boundaries	total: 4,591 km border countries: Central African Republic 797 km, Chad 1,094 km, Republic of the Congo 523 km, Equatorial Guinea 189 km, Gabon 298 km, Nigeria 1,690 km	total: 5,198 km border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,511 km (of which 225 km is the boundary of discontiguous Cabinda Province), Republic of the Congo 201 km, Namibia 1,376 km, Zambia 1,110 km
Land use	arable land: 12.81% permanent crops: 2.58% other: 84.61% (2001)	arable land: 2.65% permanent crops: 0.23% other: 97.12% (2005)
Languages	24 major African language groups, English (official), French (official)	Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages
Legal system	based on French civil law system, with common law influence; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction	based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law; recently modified to accommodate political pluralism and increased use of free markets
Legislative branch	unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (180 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms; note - the president can either lengthen or shorten the term of the legislature) elections: last held 23 June 2002 (next to be held NA 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - RDCP 133, SDF 21, UDC 5, other 21 note: the constitution calls for an upper chamber for the legislature, to be called a Senate, but it has yet to be established	unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (220 seats; members elected by proportional vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 29-30 September 1992 (next to be held September 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - MPLA 54%, UNITA 34%, other 12%; seats by party - MPLA 129, UNITA 70, PRS 6, FNLA 5, PLD 3, other 7
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 47.95 years male: 47.1 years female: 48.83 years (2004 est.)	total population: 38.62 years male: 37.47 years female: 39.83 years (2006 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 79% male: 84.7% female: 73.4% (2003 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 66.8% male: 82.1% female: 53.8% (2001 est.)
Location	Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Biafra, between Equatorial Guinea and Nigeria	Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Namibia and Democratic Republic of the Congo
Map references	Africa	Africa
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 50 nm	territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine	total: 1 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 169,593 GRT/357,023 DWT by type: petroleum tanker 1 (2004 est.)	total: 4 ships (1000 GRT or over) 4,343 GRT/4,643 DWT by type: cargo 1, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 1 registered in other countries: 5 (Bahamas 5) (2006)
Military branches	Army, Navy (includes Naval Infantry), Air Force	Army, Navy (Marinha de Guerra, MdG), Air and Air Defense Forces (FANA) (2006)
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$189.2 million (2003)	$2 billion (2005 est.)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	1.4% (2003)	8.8% (2005 est.)
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 3,898,944 (2004 est.)	-
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 1,979,151 (2004 est.)	-
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	males: 184,054 (2004 est.)	-
National holiday	Republic Day (National Day), 20 May (1972)	Independence Day, 11 November (1975)
Nationality	noun: Cameroonian(s) adjective: Cameroonian	noun: Angolan(s) adjective: Angolan
Natural hazards	volcanic activity with periodic releases of poisonous gases from Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun volcanoes	locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on the plateau
Natural resources	petroleum, bauxite, iron ore, timber, hydropower	petroleum, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper, feldspar, gold, bauxite, uranium
Net migration rate	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)	3.55 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Pipelines	gas 90 km; liquid petroleum gas 9 km; oil 1,120 km (2004)	gas 235 km; liquid petroleum gas 122 km; oil 867 km; oil/gas/water 5 km (2006)
Political parties and leaders	Cameroonian Democratic Union or UDC [Adamou NDAM NJOYA]; Democratic Rally of the Cameroon People or RDCP [Paul BIYA]; Movement for the Defense of the Republic or MDR [Dakole DAISSALA]; Movement for the Liberation and Development of Cameroon or MLDC [leader Marcel YONDO]; Movement for the Youth of Cameroon or MYC [Dieudonne TINA]; National Union for Democracy and Progress or UNDP [Maigari BELLO BOUBA]; Social Democratic Front or SDF [John FRU NDI]; Union of Cameroonian Populations or UPC [Augustin Frederic KODOCK]	Liberal Democratic Party or PLD [Analia de Victoria PEREIRA]; National Front for the Liberation of Angola or FNLA [disputed leadership: Lucas NGONDA, Holden ROBERTO]; National Union for the Total Independence of Angola or UNITA [Isaias SAMAKUVA] (largest opposition party); Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola or MPLA [Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS] (ruling party in power since 1975); Social Renewal Party or PRS [disputed leadership: Eduardo KUANGANA, Antonio MUACHICUNGO] note: about a dozen minor parties participated in the 1992 elections but only won a few seats; they and the other 115 smaller parties have little influence in the National Assembly
Political pressure groups and leaders	Southern Cameroon National Council [Ayamba Ette OTUN]; Human Rights Defense Group [Albert MUKONG, president]	Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda or FLEC [N'zita Henriques TIAGO, Antonio Bento BEMBE] note: FLEC's small-scale, highly factionalized armed struggle for the independence of Cabinda Province has largely ended
Population	16,063,678 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2004 est.)	12,127,071 (July 2006 est.)
Population below poverty line	48% (2000 est.)	70% (2003 est.)
Population growth rate	1.97% (2004 est.)	2.45% (2006 est.)
Ports and harbors	Bonaberi, Douala, Garoua, Kribi, Tiko	-
Radio broadcast stations	AM 2, FM 9, shortwave 3 (2002)	AM 21, FM 6, shortwave 7 (2000)
Railways	total: 1,008 km narrow gauge: 1,008 km 1.000-m gauge (2003)	total: 2,761 km narrow gauge: 2,638 km 1.067-m gauge; 123 km 0.600-m gauge (2005)
Religions	indigenous beliefs 40%, Christian 40%, Muslim 20%	indigenous beliefs 47%, Roman Catholic 38%, Protestant 15% (1998 est.)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2004 est.)	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
Suffrage	20 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: available only to business and government domestic: cable, microwave radio relay, and tropospheric scatter international: country code - 237; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); fiber optic submarine cable (SAT-3/WASC) provides connectivity to Europe and Asia	general assessment: telephone service limited mostly to government and business use; HF radiotelephone used extensively for military links domestic: limited system of wire, microwave radio relay, and tropospheric scatter international: country code - 244; satellite earth stations - 29; fiber optic submarine cable (SAT-3/WASC) provides connectivity to Europe and Asia (2005)
Telephones - main lines in use	110,900 (2002)	94,300 (2005)
Telephones - mobile cellular	1.077 million (2003)	1,094,100 (2005)
Television broadcast stations	1 (2002)	6 (2000)
Terrain	diverse, with coastal plain in southwest, dissected plateau in center, mountains in west, plains in north	narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior plateau
Total fertility rate	4.55 children born/woman (2004 est.)	6.35 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Unemployment rate	30% (2001 est.)	extensive unemployment and underemployment affecting more than half the population (2001 est.)
Waterways	navigation mainly on Benue River; limited during rainy season (2004)	1,300 km (2005)

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