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Compare Cambodia (2001) - Libya (2003)

Compare Cambodia (2001) z Libya (2003)

 Cambodia (2001)Libya (2003)
 CambodiaLibya
Administrative divisions 20 provinces (khett, singular and plural) and 4 municipalities* (krong, singular and plural); Banteay Mean Cheay, Batdambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Spoe, Kampong Thum, Kampot, Kandal, Kaoh Kong, Keb*, Kracheh, Mondol Kiri, Otdar Mean Cheay, Pailin*, Phnum Penh*, Pouthisat, Preah Seihanu* (Sihanoukville), Preah Vihear, Prey Veng, Rotanah Kiri, Siem Reab, Stoeng Treng, Svay Rieng, Takev 25 municipalities (baladiyat, singular - baladiyah); Ajdabiya, Al 'Aziziyah, Al Fatih, Al Jabal al Akhdar, Al Jufrah, Al Khums, Al Kufrah, An Nuqat al Khams, Ash Shati', Awbari, Az Zawiyah, Banghazi, Darnah, Ghadamis, Gharyan, Misratah, Murzuq, Sabha, Sawfajjin, Surt, Tarabulus, Tarhunah, Tubruq, Yafran, Zlitan; note - the 25 municipalities may have been replaced by 13 regions
Age structure 0-14 years:
41.25% (male 2,626,821; female 2,526,510)

15-64 years:
55.28% (male 3,253,611; female 3,651,129)

65 years and over:
3.47% (male 177,577; female 255,853) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 34.5% (male 970,026; female 929,174)


15-64 years: 61.4% (male 1,744,992; female 1,630,399)


65 years and over: 4.1% (male 109,262; female 115,221) (2003 est.)
Agriculture - products rice, rubber, corn, vegetables wheat, barley, olives, dates, citrus, vegetables, peanuts, soybeans; cattle
Airports 19 (2000 est.) 136 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways total:
6

2,438 to 3,047 m:
2

1,524 to 2,437 m:
2

914 to 1,523 m:
2 (2000 est.)
total: 58


over 3,047 m: 23


2,438 to 3,047 m: 6


1,524 to 2,437 m: 22


914 to 1,523 m: 5


under 914 m: 2 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
13

1,524 to 2,437 m:
2

914 to 1,523 m:
11 (2000 est.)
total: 78


over 3,047 m: 5


2,438 to 3,047 m: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 14


914 to 1,523 m: 39


under 914 m: 18 (2002)
Area total:
181,040 sq km

land:
176,520 sq km

water:
4,520 sq km
total: 1,759,540 sq km


land: 1,759,540 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Oklahoma slightly larger than Alaska
Background Following a five-year struggle, communist Khmer Rouge forces captured Phnom Penh in 1975 and ordered the evacuation of all cities and towns; over 1 million displaced people died from execution or enforced hardships. A 1978 Vietnamese invasion drove the Khmer Rouge into the countryside and touched off 13 years of fighting. UN-sponsored elections in 1993 helped restore some semblance of normalcy, as did the rapid diminishment of the Khmer Rouge in the mid-1990s. A coalition government, formed after national elections in 1998, brought renewed political stability and the surrender of remaining Khmer Rouge forces. Since he took power in a 1969 military coup, Col. Muammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI has espoused his own political system - a combination of socialism and Islam - which he calls the Third International Theory. Viewing himself as a revolutionary leader, he used oil funds during the 1970s and 1980s to promote his ideology outside Libya, even supporting subversives and terrorists abroad to hasten the end of Marxism and capitalism. Libyan military adventures failed, e.g., the prolonged foray of Libyan troops into the Aozou Strip in northern Chad was finally repulsed in 1987. Libyan support for terrorism decreased after UN sanctions were imposed in 1992. Those sanctions were suspended in April 1999.
Birth rate 33.16 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 27.43 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Budget revenues:
$363 million

expenditures:
$532 million, including capital expenditures of $225 million (2000 est.)
revenues: $13.7 billion


expenditures: $8.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2001 est.)
Capital Phnom Penh Tripoli
Climate tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to November); dry season (December to April); little seasonal temperature variation Mediterranean along coast; dry, extreme desert interior
Coastline 443 km 1,770 km
Constitution promulgated 21 September 1993 11 December 1969, amended 2 March 1977
Country name conventional long form:
Kingdom of Cambodia

conventional short form:
Cambodia

local long form:
Preahreacheanachakr Kampuchea

local short form:
Kampuchea

former:
Khmer Republic, Kampuchea Republic
conventional long form: Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya


conventional short form: Libya


local long form: Al Jumahiriyah al Arabiyah al Libiyah ash Shabiyah al Ishtirakiyah al Uzma


local short form: none
Currency riel (KHR) Libyan dinar (LYD)
Death rate 10.65 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 3.49 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Debt - external $829 million (1999 est.) $4.4 billion (2001 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Kent M. WIEDEMANN

embassy:
16-18 Mongkol lem St. 228, Phnom Penh

mailing address:
Box P, APO AP 96546

telephone:
[855] (23) 216-436

FAX:
[855] (23) 216-437
the US suspended all embassy activities in Tripoli on 2 May 1980
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Roland ENG

chancery:
4500 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011

telephone:
[1] (202) 726-7742

FAX:
[1] (202) 726-8381
Libya does not have an embassy in the US
Disputes - international portions of boundary with Vietnam are disputed; parts of border with Thailand are indefinite Libya has claimed more than 32,000 sq km in southeastern Algeria and about 25,000 sq km in Niger in currently dormant disputes; various Chadian rebels from the Aozou region reside in southern Libya
Economic aid - recipient $548 million pledged in grants and concessional loans for 2001 by international donors $15 million (2000)
Economy - overview Cambodia's economy slowed dramatically in 1997-98 due to the regional economic crisis, civil violence, and political infighting. Foreign investment and tourism fell off. In 1999, the first full year of peace in 30 years, progress was made on economic reforms and growth resumed at 4%. GDP growth for 2000 had been projected to reach 5.5%, but the worst flooding in 70 years severely damaged agricultural crops, and high oil prices hurt industrial production, and growth for the year is estimated at only 4%. Tourism is Cambodia's fastest growing industry, with arrivals up 34% in 2000. The long-term development of the economy after decades of war remains a daunting challenge. The population lacks education and productive skills, particularly in the poverty-ridden countryside, which suffers from an almost total lack of basic infrastructure. Fear of renewed political instability and corruption within the government discourage foreign investment and delay foreign aid. On the brighter side, the government is addressing these issues with assistance from bilateral and multilateral donors. The socialist-oriented economy depends primarily upon revenues from the oil sector, which contribute practically all export earnings and about one-quarter of GDP. These oil revenues and a small population give Libya one of the highest per capita GDPs in Africa, but little of this income flows down to the lower orders of society. Import restrictions and inefficient resource allocations have led to periodic shortages of basic goods and foodstuffs. The nonoil manufacturing and construction sectors, which account for about 20% of GDP, have expanded from processing mostly agricultural products to include the production of petrochemicals, iron, steel, and aluminum. Climatic conditions and poor soils severely limit agricultural output, and Libya imports about 75% of its food. Higher oil prices in the last three years led to an increase in export revenues, which has improved macroeconomic balances but has done little to stimulate broad-based economic growth. Libya is making slow progress toward economic liberalization and the upgrading of economic infrastructure, but truly market-based reforms will be slow in coming.
Electricity - consumption 136.7 million kWh (1999) 18.77 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production 147 million kWh (1999) 20.18 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
59.18%

hydro:
40.82%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2001)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Gulf of Thailand 0 m

highest point:
Phnum Aoral 1,810 m
lowest point: Sabkhat Ghuzayyil -47 m


highest point: Bikku Bitti 2,267 m
Environment - current issues illegal logging activities throughout the country and strip mining for gems in the western region along the border with Thailand have resulted in habitat loss and declining biodiversity (in particular, destruction of mangrove swamps threatens natural fisheries); soil erosion; in rural areas, a majority of the population does not have access to potable water; toxic waste delivery from Taiwan sparked unrest in Kampong Saom (Sihanoukville) in December 1998 desertification; very limited natural fresh water resources; the Great Manmade River Project, the largest water development scheme in the world, is being built to bring water from large aquifers under the Sahara to coastal cities
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Marine Life Conservation, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban
Ethnic groups Khmer 90%, Vietnamese 5%, Chinese 1%, other 4% Berber and Arab 97%, Greeks, Maltese, Italians, Egyptians, Pakistanis, Turks, Indians, Tunisians
Exchange rates riels per US dollar - 3,909.0 (January 2001), 3,840.8 (2000), 3,807.8 (1999), 3,744.4 (1998), 2,946.3 (1997), 2,624.1 (1996) Libyan dinars per US dollar - 1.2 (2003), 0.6 (2002), 0.51 (2001), 0.5 (2000), 0.39 (1999)
Executive branch chief of state:
King Norodom SIHANOUK (reinstated 24 September 1993)

head of government:
Prime Minister HUN SEN (since 30 November 1998)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch

elections:
none; the monarch is chosen by a Royal Throne Council; prime minister appointed by the monarch after a vote of confidence by the National Assembly
chief of state: Revolutionary Leader Col. Muammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI (since 1 September 1969); note - holds no official title, but is de facto chief of state


head of government: Secretary of the General People's Committee (Premier) Mubarak al-SHAMEKH (since 2 March 2000)


cabinet: General People's Committee established by the General People's Congress


elections: national elections are indirect through a hierarchy of people's committees; head of government elected by the General People's Congress; election last held 2 March 2000 (next to be held NA)


election results: Mubarak al-SHAMEKH elected premier; percent of General People's Congress vote - NA%
Exports $942 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.) NA (2001)
Exports - commodities timber, garments, rubber, rice, fish crude oil, refined petroleum products (1999)
Exports - partners Vietnam 18%, Thailand 15%, US 10%, Singapore 8%, China 5% (1997) Italy 42.6%, Germany 14.1%, Spain 13.6%, Turkey 6.9%, Switzerland 4.4% (2002)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (double width), and blue with a white three-towered temple representing Angkor Wat outlined in black in the center of the red band plain green; green is the traditional color of Islam (the state religion)
GDP purchasing power parity - $16.1 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $33.36 billion (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
43%

industry:
20%

services:
37% (1998 est.)
agriculture: 9%


industry: 45%


services: 46% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,300 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $6,200 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 4% (2000 est.) 1.2% (2002 est.)
Geographic coordinates 13 00 N, 105 00 E 25 00 N, 17 00 E
Geography - note a land of paddies and forests dominated by the Mekong River and Tonle Sap more than 90% of the country is desert or semidesert
Heliports 3 (2000 est.) 1 (2002)
Highways total:
35,769 km

paved:
4,165 km

unpaved:
31,604 km (1997)
total: 83,200 km


paved: 47,590 km


unpaved: 35,610 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
2.9%

highest 10%:
33.8% (1997)
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs possible money laundering; narcotics-related corruption reportedly involving some in the government, military, and police; possible small-scale opium, heroin, and amphetamine production; large producer of cannabis for the international market -
Imports $1.3 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) NA (2001)
Imports - commodities cigarettes, gold, construction materials, petroleum products, machinery, motor vehicles machinery, transport equipment, food, manufactured goods (1999)
Imports - partners Thailand 16%, Vietnam 9%, Japan 7%, Hong Kong 5%, China 5% (1997) Italy 25.6%, Germany 9.8%, South Korea 6.6%, UK 6.6%, Tunisia 6.5%, Japan 6.4%, France 5.7% (2002)
Independence 9 November 1953 (from France) 24 December 1951 (from Italy)
Industrial production growth rate NA% NA%
Industries garments, tourism, rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem mining, textiles petroleum, food processing, textiles, handicrafts, cement
Infant mortality rate 65.41 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: 26.8 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 29.16 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 24.33 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 1.6% (2000 est.) 1% (2001 est.)
International organization participation ACCT, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (subscriber), ITU, NAM, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer) ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, AMU, CAEU, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OAU, OIC, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 2 (2000) 1 (2002)
Irrigated land 920 sq km (1993 est.) 4,700 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Council of the Magistracy (provided for in the constitution and formed in December 1997); Supreme Court (and lower courts) exercises judicial authority Supreme Court
Labor force 6 million (1998 est.) 1.5 million (2000 est.)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 80% (1999 est.) services 54%, industry 29%, agriculture 17% (1997 est.)
Land boundaries total:
2,572 km

border countries:
Laos 541 km, Thailand 803 km, Vietnam 1,228 km
total: 4,348 km


border countries: Algeria 982 km, Chad 1,055 km, Egypt 1,115 km, Niger 354 km, Sudan 383 km, Tunisia 459 km
Land use arable land:
13%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
11%

forests and woodland:
66%

other:
10% (1993 est.)
arable land: 1.03%


permanent crops: 0.17%


other: 98.8% (1998 est.)
Languages Khmer (official) 95%, French, English Arabic, Italian, English, all are widely understood in the major cities
Legal system primarily a civil law mixture of French-influenced codes from the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) period, royal decrees, and acts of the legislature, with influences of customary law and remnants of communist legal theory; increasing influence of common law in recent years based on Italian civil law system and Islamic law; separate religious courts; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch bicameral consists of the National Assembly (122 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the Senate (61 seats; two members appointed by the monarch, two elected by the National Assembly, and 57 elected by "functional constituencies"; members serve five-year terms

elections:
National Assembly - last held 26 July 1998 (next to be held NA 2003); Senate - last held 2 March 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results:
National Assembly - percent of vote by party - CPP 41%, FUNCINPEC 32%, SRP 14%, other 13%; seats by party - CPP 64, FUNCINPEC 43, SRP 15; Senate - seats by party - CPP 31, FUNCINPEC 21, SRP 7
unicameral General People's Congress (NA seats; members elected indirectly through a hierarchy of people's committees)
Life expectancy at birth total population:
56.82 years

male:
54.62 years

female:
59.12 years (2001 est.)
total population: 76.07 years


male: 73.91 years


female: 78.34 years (2003 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
35%

male:
48%

female:
22% (1990 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 82.6%


male: 92.4%


female: 72% (2003 est.)
Location Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, between Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Tunisia
Map references Southeast Asia Africa
Maritime claims contiguous zone:
24 NM

continental shelf:
200 NM

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM


note: Gulf of Sidra closing line - 32 degrees, 30 minutes north
Merchant marine total:
295 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,305,932 GRT/1,853,487 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 22, cargo 237, chemical tanker 1, combination bulk 3, container 8, liquefied gas 1, livestock carrier 2, multi-functional large-load carrier 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 7, refrigerated cargo 6, roll on/roll off 5, short-sea passenger 1

note:
includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Cyprus 3, South Korea 1, Malta 1, Panama 1, Russia 1, Singapore 1 (2000 est.)
total: 21 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 130,081 GRT/115,480 DWT


ships by type: cargo 9, liquefied gas 3, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 4, short-sea passenger 4


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Algeria 1, Kuwait 1, UAE 1 (2002 est.)
Military branches Royal Cambodian Armed Forces (RCAF), including Army, Navy, and Air Force - created in 1993 by the merger of the Cambodian People's Armed Forces and the two noncommunist resistance armies

note:
Khmer Rouge and royalist insurgent forces were integrated into the RCAF in 1999
Armed Peoples on Duty (Army), Navy, Air and Air Defense Command (includes Air Force)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $112 million (FY01 est.) $1.3 billion (FY99)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 3% (FY01 est.) 3.9% (FY99)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
2,877,137 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49: 1,546,432 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
1,610,761 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49: 914,649 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age 17 years of age (2003 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
162,643 (2001 est.)
males: 61,511 (2003 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 9 November (1953) Revolution Day, 1 September (1969)
Nationality noun:
Cambodian(s)

adjective:
Cambodian
noun: Libyan(s)


adjective: Libyan
Natural hazards monsoonal rains (June to November); flooding; occasional droughts hot, dry, dust-laden ghibli is a southern wind lasting one to four days in spring and fall; dust storms, sandstorms
Natural resources timber, gemstones, some iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydropower potential petroleum, natural gas, gypsum
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Pipelines - condensate 225 km; gas 3,196 km; oil 6,872 km (2003)
Political parties and leaders Buddhist Liberal Party or BLP [IENG MOULY]; Cambodian Pracheachon Party or Cambodian People's Party or CPP [CHEA SIM]; Khmer Citizen Party or KCP [NGUON SOEUR]; National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia or FUNCINPEC [Prince NORODOM RANARIDDH]; Sam Rangsi Party or SRP (formerly Khmer Nation Party or KNP) [SAM RANGSI] none
Political pressure groups and leaders NA various Arab nationalist movements with almost negligible memberships may be functioning clandestinely, as well as some Islamic elements
Population 12,491,501

note:
estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
5,499,074


note: includes 166,510 non-nationals (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line 36% (1997 est.) NA%
Population growth rate 2.25% (2001 est.) 2.39% (2003 est.)
Ports and harbors Kampong Saom (Sihanoukville), Kampot, Krong Kaoh Kong, Phnom Penh Al Khums, Banghazi, Darnah, Marsa al Burayqah, Misratah, Ra's Lanuf, Tobruk, Tripoli, Zuwarah
Radio broadcast stations AM 7, FM 3, shortwave 3 (1999) AM 16, FM 3, shortwave 3 (2002)
Radios 1.34 million (1997) -
Railways total:
603 km

narrow gauge:
603 km 1.000-m gauge
0 km
Religions Theravada Buddhist 95%, other 5% Sunni Muslim 97%
Sex ratio at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.89 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.69 male(s)/female

total population:
0.94 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.07 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.95 male(s)/female


total population: 1.06 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Telephone system general assessment:
adequate landline and/or cellular service in Phnom Penh and other provincial cities; rural areas have little telephone service

domestic:
NA

international:
adequate but expensive landline and cellular service available to all countries from Phnom Penh and major provincial cities; satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region)
general assessment: telecommunications system is being modernized; mobile cellular telephone system became operational in 1996


domestic: microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, cellular, tropospheric scatter, and a domestic satellite system with 14 earth stations


international: satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat, NA Arabsat, and NA Intersputnik; submarine cables to France and Italy; microwave radio relay to Tunisia and Egypt; tropospheric scatter to Greece; participant in Medarabtel (1999)
Telephones - main lines in use 21,800 (mid-1998) 500,000 (1998)
Telephones - mobile cellular 80,000 (2000) 20,000 (1998)
Television broadcast stations 5 (1999) 12 (plus one low-power repeater) (1999)
Terrain mostly low, flat plains; mountains in southwest and north mostly barren, flat to undulating plains, plateaus, depressions
Total fertility rate 4.74 children born/woman (2001 est.) 3.49 children born/woman (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate 2.8% (1999 est.) 30% (2001)
Waterways 3,700 km

note:
navigable all year to craft drawing 0.6 m or less; 282 km navigable to craft drawing as much as 1.8 m
none
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