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Compare Cambodia (2001) - Belize (2006)

Compare Cambodia (2001) z Belize (2006)

 Cambodia (2001)Belize (2006)
 CambodiaBelize
Administrative divisions 20 provinces (khett, singular and plural) and 4 municipalities* (krong, singular and plural); Banteay Mean Cheay, Batdambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Spoe, Kampong Thum, Kampot, Kandal, Kaoh Kong, Keb*, Kracheh, Mondol Kiri, Otdar Mean Cheay, Pailin*, Phnum Penh*, Pouthisat, Preah Seihanu* (Sihanoukville), Preah Vihear, Prey Veng, Rotanah Kiri, Siem Reab, Stoeng Treng, Svay Rieng, Takev 6 districts; Belize, Cayo, Corozal, Orange Walk, Stann Creek, Toledo
Age structure 0-14 years:
41.25% (male 2,626,821; female 2,526,510)

15-64 years:
55.28% (male 3,253,611; female 3,651,129)

65 years and over:
3.47% (male 177,577; female 255,853) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 39.5% (male 57,923/female 55,678)


15-64 years: 57% (male 82,960/female 81,046)


65 years and over: 3.5% (male 4,888/female 5,235) (2006 est.)
Agriculture - products rice, rubber, corn, vegetables bananas, coca, citrus, sugar; fish, cultured shrimp; lumber; garments
Airports 19 (2000 est.) 43 (2006)
Airports - with paved runways total:
6

2,438 to 3,047 m:
2

1,524 to 2,437 m:
2

914 to 1,523 m:
2 (2000 est.)
total: 5


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 2


under 914 m: 2 (2006)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
13

1,524 to 2,437 m:
2

914 to 1,523 m:
11 (2000 est.)
total: 38


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 11


under 914 m: 26 (2006)
Area total:
181,040 sq km

land:
176,520 sq km

water:
4,520 sq km
total: 22,966 sq km


land: 22,806 sq km


water: 160 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Oklahoma slightly smaller than Massachusetts
Background Following a five-year struggle, communist Khmer Rouge forces captured Phnom Penh in 1975 and ordered the evacuation of all cities and towns; over 1 million displaced people died from execution or enforced hardships. A 1978 Vietnamese invasion drove the Khmer Rouge into the countryside and touched off 13 years of fighting. UN-sponsored elections in 1993 helped restore some semblance of normalcy, as did the rapid diminishment of the Khmer Rouge in the mid-1990s. A coalition government, formed after national elections in 1998, brought renewed political stability and the surrender of remaining Khmer Rouge forces. Belize was the site of several Mayan city states until their decline at the end of the first millennium A.D. The British and Spanish disputed the region in the 17th and 18th centuries; it formally became the colony of British Honduras in 1854. Territorial disputes between the UK and Guatemala delayed the independence of Belize until 1981. Guatemala refused to recognize the new nation until 1992. Tourism has become the mainstay of the economy. Current concerns include high unemployment, growing involvement in the South American drug trade, and increasing urban crime.
Birth rate 33.16 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 28.84 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Budget revenues:
$363 million

expenditures:
$532 million, including capital expenditures of $225 million (2000 est.)
revenues: $262 million


expenditures: $329 million; including capital expenditures of $70 million (2005 est.)
Capital Phnom Penh name: Belmopan


geographic coordinates: 17 15 N, 88 46 W


time difference: UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to November); dry season (December to April); little seasonal temperature variation tropical; very hot and humid; rainy season (May to November); dry season (February to May)
Coastline 443 km 386 km
Constitution promulgated 21 September 1993 21 September 1981
Country name conventional long form:
Kingdom of Cambodia

conventional short form:
Cambodia

local long form:
Preahreacheanachakr Kampuchea

local short form:
Kampuchea

former:
Khmer Republic, Kampuchea Republic
conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Belize


former: British Honduras
Currency riel (KHR) -
Death rate 10.65 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 5.72 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Debt - external $829 million (1999 est.) $1.362 billion (June 2004 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Kent M. WIEDEMANN

embassy:
16-18 Mongkol lem St. 228, Phnom Penh

mailing address:
Box P, APO AP 96546

telephone:
[855] (23) 216-436

FAX:
[855] (23) 216-437
chief of mission: Ambassador Robert J. DIETER


embassy: 29 Gabourel Lane, Belize City


mailing address: P. O. Box 286, Belize City


telephone: [501] 227-7161 through 7163


FAX: [501] 223-0802
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Roland ENG

chancery:
4500 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011

telephone:
[1] (202) 726-7742

FAX:
[1] (202) 726-8381
chief of mission: Ambassador Lisa M. SHOMAN


chancery: 2535 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 332-9636


FAX: [1] (202) 332-6888


consulate(s) general: Los Angeles
Disputes - international portions of boundary with Vietnam are disputed; parts of border with Thailand are indefinite Guatemalan squatters continue to settle in the largely uninhabited rain forests of Belize's border region; OAS seeks to revive the 2002 failed Belize-Guatemala Differendum that created a small adjustment to land boundary, a Guatemalan maritime corridor in Caribbean, joint ecological park for disputed Sapodilla Cays, and substantial US-UK financial package
Economic aid - recipient $548 million pledged in grants and concessional loans for 2001 by international donors $NA
Economy - overview Cambodia's economy slowed dramatically in 1997-98 due to the regional economic crisis, civil violence, and political infighting. Foreign investment and tourism fell off. In 1999, the first full year of peace in 30 years, progress was made on economic reforms and growth resumed at 4%. GDP growth for 2000 had been projected to reach 5.5%, but the worst flooding in 70 years severely damaged agricultural crops, and high oil prices hurt industrial production, and growth for the year is estimated at only 4%. Tourism is Cambodia's fastest growing industry, with arrivals up 34% in 2000. The long-term development of the economy after decades of war remains a daunting challenge. The population lacks education and productive skills, particularly in the poverty-ridden countryside, which suffers from an almost total lack of basic infrastructure. Fear of renewed political instability and corruption within the government discourage foreign investment and delay foreign aid. On the brighter side, the government is addressing these issues with assistance from bilateral and multilateral donors. In this small, essentially private-enterprise economy the tourism industry is the number one foreign exchange earner followed by marine products, citrus, cane sugar, bananas, and garments. The government's expansionary monetary and fiscal policies, initiated in September 1998, led to sturdy GDP growth averaging nearly 5% in 1999-2005. Major concerns continue to be the sizable trade deficit and foreign debt. A key short-term objective remains the reduction of poverty with the help of international donors.
Electricity - consumption 136.7 million kWh (1999) 111.6 million kWh (2003)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2003)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2003)
Electricity - production 147 million kWh (1999) 120 million kWh (2003)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
59.18%

hydro:
40.82%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
-
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Gulf of Thailand 0 m

highest point:
Phnum Aoral 1,810 m
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m


highest point: Victoria Peak 1,160 m
Environment - current issues illegal logging activities throughout the country and strip mining for gems in the western region along the border with Thailand have resulted in habitat loss and declining biodiversity (in particular, destruction of mangrove swamps threatens natural fisheries); soil erosion; in rural areas, a majority of the population does not have access to potable water; toxic waste delivery from Taiwan sparked unrest in Kampong Saom (Sihanoukville) in December 1998 deforestation; water pollution from sewage, industrial effluents, agricultural runoff; solid and sewage waste disposal
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Marine Life Conservation, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Khmer 90%, Vietnamese 5%, Chinese 1%, other 4% mestizo 48.7%, Creole 24.9%, Maya 10.6%, Garifuna 6.1%, other 9.7%
Exchange rates riels per US dollar - 3,909.0 (January 2001), 3,840.8 (2000), 3,807.8 (1999), 3,744.4 (1998), 2,946.3 (1997), 2,624.1 (1996) Belizean dollars per US dollar - 2 (2005), 2 (2004), 2 (2003), 2 (2002), 2 (2001)
Executive branch chief of state:
King Norodom SIHANOUK (reinstated 24 September 1993)

head of government:
Prime Minister HUN SEN (since 30 November 1998)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch

elections:
none; the monarch is chosen by a Royal Throne Council; prime minister appointed by the monarch after a vote of confidence by the National Assembly
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Sir Colville YOUNG, Sr. (since 17 November 1993)


head of government: Prime Minister Said Wilbert MUSA (since 28 August 1998); Deputy Prime Minister John BRICENO (since 1 September 1998)


cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; prime minister recommends the deputy prime minister
Exports $942 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.) NA bbl/day
Exports - commodities timber, garments, rubber, rice, fish sugar, bananas, citrus, clothing, fish products, molasses, wood
Exports - partners Vietnam 18%, Thailand 15%, US 10%, Singapore 8%, China 5% (1997) US 30.6%, UK 25%, France 4.8% (2005)
Fiscal year calendar year 1 April - 31 March
Flag description three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (double width), and blue with a white three-towered temple representing Angkor Wat outlined in black in the center of the red band blue with a narrow red stripe along the top and the bottom edges; centered is a large white disk bearing the coat of arms; the coat of arms features a shield flanked by two workers in front of a mahogany tree with the related motto SUB UMBRA FLOREO (I Flourish in the Shade) on a scroll at the bottom, all encircled by a green garland
GDP purchasing power parity - $16.1 billion (2000 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
43%

industry:
20%

services:
37% (1998 est.)
agriculture: 14.2%


industry: 15.2%


services: 61.2% (2004 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,300 (2000 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 4% (2000 est.) 3.8% (2005 est.)
Geographic coordinates 13 00 N, 105 00 E 17 15 N, 88 45 W
Geography - note a land of paddies and forests dominated by the Mekong River and Tonle Sap only country in Central America without a coastline on the North Pacific Ocean
Heliports 3 (2000 est.) -
Highways total:
35,769 km

paved:
4,165 km

unpaved:
31,604 km (1997)
-
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
2.9%

highest 10%:
33.8% (1997)
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs possible money laundering; narcotics-related corruption reportedly involving some in the government, military, and police; possible small-scale opium, heroin, and amphetamine production; large producer of cannabis for the international market transshipment point for cocaine; small-scale illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; money-laundering activity related to narcotics trafficking and offshore sector
Imports $1.3 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) NA bbl/day
Imports - commodities cigarettes, gold, construction materials, petroleum products, machinery, motor vehicles machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods; fuels, chemicals, pharmaceuticals; food, beverages, tobacco
Imports - partners Thailand 16%, Vietnam 9%, Japan 7%, Hong Kong 5%, China 5% (1997) US 31%, Mexico 11.6%, Russia 8.8%, Cuba 6%, Guatemala 5.6%, China 4.6%, Spain 4.4% (2005)
Independence 9 November 1953 (from France) 21 September 1981 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate NA% 4.6% (1999)
Industries garments, tourism, rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem mining, textiles garment production, food processing, tourism, construction
Infant mortality rate 65.41 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: 24.89 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 28.07 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 21.55 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 1.6% (2000 est.) 3% (2005 est.)
International organization participation ACCT, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (subscriber), ITU, NAM, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer) ACP, C, Caricom, CDB, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 2 (2000) -
Irrigated land 920 sq km (1993 est.) 30 sq km (2003)
Judicial branch Supreme Council of the Magistracy (provided for in the constitution and formed in December 1997); Supreme Court (and lower courts) exercises judicial authority Supreme Court (the chief justice is appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister)
Labor force 6 million (1998 est.) 90,000


note: shortage of skilled labor and all types of technical personnel (2001 est.)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 80% (1999 est.) agriculture: 27%


industry: 18%


services: 55% (2001 est.)
Land boundaries total:
2,572 km

border countries:
Laos 541 km, Thailand 803 km, Vietnam 1,228 km
total: 516 km


border countries: Guatemala 266 km, Mexico 250 km
Land use arable land:
13%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
11%

forests and woodland:
66%

other:
10% (1993 est.)
arable land: 3.05%


permanent crops: 1.39%


other: 95.56% (2005)
Languages Khmer (official) 95%, French, English English (official), Spanish, Mayan, Garifuna (Carib), Creole
Legal system primarily a civil law mixture of French-influenced codes from the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) period, royal decrees, and acts of the legislature, with influences of customary law and remnants of communist legal theory; increasing influence of common law in recent years English law
Legislative branch bicameral consists of the National Assembly (122 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the Senate (61 seats; two members appointed by the monarch, two elected by the National Assembly, and 57 elected by "functional constituencies"; members serve five-year terms

elections:
National Assembly - last held 26 July 1998 (next to be held NA 2003); Senate - last held 2 March 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results:
National Assembly - percent of vote by party - CPP 41%, FUNCINPEC 32%, SRP 14%, other 13%; seats by party - CPP 64, FUNCINPEC 43, SRP 15; Senate - seats by party - CPP 31, FUNCINPEC 21, SRP 7
bicameral National Assembly consists of the Senate (12 members appointed by the governor general - 6 on the advice of the prime minister, 3 on the advice of the leader of the opposition, and 1 each on the advice of the Belize Council of Churches and Evangelical Association of Churches, the Belize Chamber of Commerce and Industry and the Belize Better Business Bureau, and the National Trade Union Congress and the Civil Society Steering Committee; members are appointed for five-year terms) and the House of Representatives (29 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: House of Representatives - last held 5 March 2003 (next to be held March 2008)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PUP 21, UDP 8
Life expectancy at birth total population:
56.82 years

male:
54.62 years

female:
59.12 years (2001 est.)
total population: 68.3 years


male: 66.43 years


female: 70.26 years (2006 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
35%

male:
48%

female:
22% (1990 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 94.1%


male: 94.1%


female: 94.1% (2003 est.)
Location Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, between Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos Central America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Guatemala and Mexico
Map references Southeast Asia Central America and the Caribbean
Maritime claims contiguous zone:
24 NM

continental shelf:
200 NM

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
territorial sea: 12 nm in the north, 3 nm in the south; note - from the mouth of the Sarstoon River to Ranguana Cay, Belize's territorial sea is 3 nm; according to Belize's Maritime Areas Act, 1992, the purpose of this limitation is to provide a framework for negotiating a definitive agreement on territorial differences with Guatemala


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine total:
295 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,305,932 GRT/1,853,487 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 22, cargo 237, chemical tanker 1, combination bulk 3, container 8, liquefied gas 1, livestock carrier 2, multi-functional large-load carrier 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 7, refrigerated cargo 6, roll on/roll off 5, short-sea passenger 1

note:
includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Cyprus 3, South Korea 1, Malta 1, Panama 1, Russia 1, Singapore 1 (2000 est.)
total: 285 ships (1000 GRT or over) 985,464 GRT/1,322,629 DWT


by type: bulk carrier 36, cargo 203, chemical tanker 7, container 4, passenger/cargo 3, petroleum tanker 13, refrigerated cargo 12, roll on/roll off 6, specialized tanker 1


foreign-owned: 225 (China 103, Croatia 1, Cyprus 2, Estonia 3, Germany 3, Greece 2, Hong Kong 8, Iceland 2, Indonesia 2, Italy 4, Japan 2, North Korea 2, South Korea 4, Latvia 6, Lithuania 1, Malaysia 1, Mexico 1, Norway 2, Poland 2, Russia 36, Singapore 6, Spain 3, Switzerland 1, Turkey 11, UAE 5, Ukraine 7, US 5) (2006)
Military branches Royal Cambodian Armed Forces (RCAF), including Army, Navy, and Air Force - created in 1993 by the merger of the Cambodian People's Armed Forces and the two noncommunist resistance armies

note:
Khmer Rouge and royalist insurgent forces were integrated into the RCAF in 1999
Belize Defense Force (BDF): Army, Maritime Wing, Air Wing, and Volunteer Guard
Military expenditures - dollar figure $112 million (FY01 est.) $19 million (2005 est.)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 3% (FY01 est.) 1.7% (2005 est.)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
2,877,137 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
1,610,761 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
162,643 (2001 est.)
-
National holiday Independence Day, 9 November (1953) Independence Day, 21 September (1981)
Nationality noun:
Cambodian(s)

adjective:
Cambodian
noun: Belizean(s)


adjective: Belizean
Natural hazards monsoonal rains (June to November); flooding; occasional droughts frequent, devastating hurricanes (June to November) and coastal flooding (especially in south)
Natural resources timber, gemstones, some iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydropower potential arable land potential, timber, fish, hydropower
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Political parties and leaders Buddhist Liberal Party or BLP [IENG MOULY]; Cambodian Pracheachon Party or Cambodian People's Party or CPP [CHEA SIM]; Khmer Citizen Party or KCP [NGUON SOEUR]; National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia or FUNCINPEC [Prince NORODOM RANARIDDH]; Sam Rangsi Party or SRP (formerly Khmer Nation Party or KNP) [SAM RANGSI] People's United Party or PUP [Said MUSA]; United Democratic Party or UDP [Dean BARROW, party leader; Douglas SINGH, party chairman]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA Society for the Promotion of Education and Research or SPEAR [Adele CATZIM]
Population 12,491,501

note:
estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
287,730 (July 2006 est.)
Population below poverty line 36% (1997 est.) 33% (1999 est.)
Population growth rate 2.25% (2001 est.) 2.31% (2006 est.)
Ports and harbors Kampong Saom (Sihanoukville), Kampot, Krong Kaoh Kong, Phnom Penh -
Radio broadcast stations AM 7, FM 3, shortwave 3 (1999) AM 1, FM 12, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios 1.34 million (1997) -
Railways total:
603 km

narrow gauge:
603 km 1.000-m gauge
-
Religions Theravada Buddhist 95%, other 5% Roman Catholic 49.6%, Protestant 27% (Pentecostal 7.4%, Anglican 5.3%, Seventh-Day Adventist 5.2%, Mennonite 4.1%, Methodist 3.5%, Jehovah's Witnesses 1.5%), other 14%, none 9.4% (2000)
Sex ratio at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.89 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.69 male(s)/female

total population:
0.94 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.93 male(s)/female


total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
adequate landline and/or cellular service in Phnom Penh and other provincial cities; rural areas have little telephone service

domestic:
NA

international:
adequate but expensive landline and cellular service available to all countries from Phnom Penh and major provincial cities; satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region)
general assessment: above-average system


domestic: trunk network depends primarily on microwave radio relay


international: country code - 501; satellite earth station - 8 (Intelsat - 2, unknown - 6) (2005)
Telephones - main lines in use 21,800 (mid-1998) 33,300 (2005)
Telephones - mobile cellular 80,000 (2000) 93,100 (2005)
Television broadcast stations 5 (1999) 2 (1997)
Terrain mostly low, flat plains; mountains in southwest and north flat, swampy coastal plain; low mountains in south
Total fertility rate 4.74 children born/woman (2001 est.) 3.6 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Unemployment rate 2.8% (1999 est.) 12.9% (2003)
Waterways 3,700 km

note:
navigable all year to craft drawing 0.6 m or less; 282 km navigable to craft drawing as much as 1.8 m
825 km (navigable only by small craft) (2005)
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