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Compare Burundi (2005) - Mayotte (2002)

Compare Burundi (2005) z Mayotte (2002)

 Burundi (2005)Mayotte (2002)
 BurundiMayotte
Administrative divisions 16 provinces; Bubanza, Bujumbura, Bururi, Cankuzo, Cibitoke, Gitega, Karuzi, Kayanza, Kirundo, Makamba, Muramvya, Muyinga, Mwaro, Ngozi, Rutana, Ruyigi none (territorial collectivity of France)
Age structure 0-14 years: 46% (male 1,479,941/female 1,450,808)


15-64 years: 51.3% (male 1,617,864/female 1,653,331)


65 years and over: 2.6% (male 66,199/female 102,466) (2005 est.)
0-14 years: 46.6% (male 39,927; female 39,628)


15-64 years: 51.7% (male 48,237; female 40,210)


65 years and over: 1.7% (male 1,429; female 1,448) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products coffee, cotton, tea, corn, sorghum, sweet potatoes, bananas, manioc (tapioca); beef, milk, hides vanilla, ylang-ylang (perfume essence), coffee, copra
Airports 8 (2004 est.) 1 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways total: 1


over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
total: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 7


914 to 1,523 m: 4


under 914 m: 3 (2004 est.)
-
Area total: 27,830 sq km


land: 25,650 sq km


water: 2,180 sq km
total: 374 sq km


land: 374 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Maryland slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC
Background Burundi's first democratically elected president was assassinated in October 1993 after only one hundred days in office. Since then, some 200,000 Burundians have perished in widespread, often intense ethnic violence between Hutu and Tutsi factions. Hundreds of thousands have been internally displaced or have become refugees in neighboring countries. Burundi troops, seeking to secure their borders, briefly intervened in the conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1998. A new transitional government, inaugurated on 1 November 2001, signed a power-sharing agreement with the largest rebel faction in December 2003 and set in place a provisional constitution in October 2004. Implementation of the agreement has been problematic, however, as one remaining rebel group refuses to sign on and elections have been repeatedly delayed, clouding prospects for a sustainable peace. Mayotte was ceded to France along with the other islands of the Comoros group in 1843. It was the only island in the archipelago that voted in 1974 to retain its link with France and forego independence.
Birth rate 39.66 births/1,000 population (2005 est.) 43.59 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget revenues: $152.5 million


expenditures: $187.7 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
revenues: $NA


expenditures: $73 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1991 est.)
Capital Bujumbura Mamoutzou
Climate equatorial; high plateau with considerable altitude variation (772 m to 2,670 m above sea level); average annual temperature varies with altitude from 23 to 17 degrees centigrade but is generally moderate as the average altitude is about 1,700 m; average annual rainfall is about 150 cm; wet seasons from February to May and September to November, and dry seasons from June to August and December to January tropical; marine; hot, humid, rainy season during northeastern monsoon (November to May); dry season is cooler (May to November)
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 185.2 km
Constitution 13 March 1992; provided for establishment of a plural political system; supplanted on 20 October 2004 by a provisional constitution approved by the parliament which extended the transition; a 28 February 2005 popular referendum ratified the new constitution which set ethnic quotas for government positions, and tentatively scheduled general elections for April 2005 28 September 1958 (French Constitution)
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Burundi


conventional short form: Burundi


local long form: Republika y'u Burundi


local short form: Burundi


former: Urundi
conventional long form: Territorial Collectivity of Mayotte


conventional short form: Mayotte
Currency - euro (EUR); French franc (FRF)
Death rate 17.43 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.) 8.58 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external $1.133 billion (2002) $NA
Dependency status - territorial collectivity of France
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador James Howard YELLIN


embassy: Avenue des Etats-Unis, Bujumbura


mailing address: B. P. 1720, Bujumbura


telephone: [257] 223454


FAX: [257] 222926
none (territorial collectivity of France)
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Antoine NTAMOBWA


chancery: Suite 212, 2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007


telephone: [1] (202) 342-2574


FAX: [1] (202) 342-2578
none (territorial collectivity of France)
Disputes - international Tutsi, Hutu, other conflicting ethnic groups, associated political rebels, armed gangs, and various government forces continue fighting in the Great Lakes region, transcending the boundaries of Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, and Uganda in an effort to gain control over populated and natural resource areas; government heads pledge to end conflict, but localized violence continues despite the presence of about 6,000 peacekeepers from the UN Operation in Burundi (ONUB) since 2004; although some 150,000 Burundian refugees have been repatriated, as of February 2005, Burundian refugees still reside in camps in western Tanzania as well as the Democratic Republic of the Congo claimed by Comoros
Economic aid - recipient $92.7 million (2000) $107.7 million (1995); note - extensive French financial assistance
Economy - overview Burundi is a landlocked, resource-poor country with an underdeveloped manufacturing sector. The economy is predominantly agricultural with roughly 90% of the population dependent on subsistence agriculture. Economic growth depends on coffee and tea exports, which account for 90% of foreign exchange earnings. The ability to pay for imports, therefore, rests primarily on weather conditions and international coffee and tea prices. The Tutsi minority, 14% of the population, dominates the government and the coffee trade at the expense of the Hutu majority, 85% of the population. Since October 1993 an ethnic-based war has resulted in more than 200,000 deaths, forced 450,000 refugees into Tanzania, and displaced 140,000 others internally. Doubts about the prospects for sustainable peace continue to impede development. Only one in two children go to school, and approximately one in ten adults has HIV/AIDS. Food, medicine, and electricity remain in short supply. Economic activity is based primarily on the agricultural sector, including fishing and livestock raising. Mayotte is not self-sufficient and must import a large portion of its food requirements, mainly from France. The economy and future development of the island are heavily dependent on French financial assistance, an important supplement to GDP. Mayotte's remote location is an obstacle to the development of tourism.
Electricity - consumption 137.8 million kWh (2002) NA kWh
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2002) -
Electricity - imports 15 million kWh; note - supplied by the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2002) -
Electricity - production 132 million kWh (2002) NA kWh
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel: NA%


hydro: NA%


nuclear: NA%


other: NA%
Elevation extremes lowest point: Lake Tanganyika 772 m


highest point: Heha 2,670 m
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: Benara 660 m
Environment - current issues soil erosion as a result of overgrazing and the expansion of agriculture into marginal lands; deforestation (little forested land remains because of uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel); habitat loss threatens wildlife populations NA
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection


signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
-
Ethnic groups Hutu (Bantu) 85%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 14%, Twa (Pygmy) 1%, Europeans 3,000, South Asians 2,000 NA
Exchange rates Burundi francs per US dollar - 1,100.91 (2004), 1,082.62 (2003), 930.75 (2002), 830.35 (2001), 720.67 (2000) euros per US dollar - 1.1324 (January 2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997)
Executive branch chief of state: President Domitien NDAYIZEYE (since 30 April 2003); note - NDAYIZEYE, a Hutu, was sworn in as president for the second half of the three-year transitional government inaugurated on 1 November 2001; Vice President Frederic NGENZEBUHORO (since 11 November 2004)


head of government: President Domitien NDAYIZEYE (since 30 April 2003); note - NDAYIZEYE, a Hutu, was sworn in as president for the second half of the three-year transitional government inaugurated on 1 November 2001; Vice President Frederic NGENZEBUHORO (since 11 November 2004)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by president


elections: NA; current president assumed power on 30 April 2003 as part of the transitional government established by the 2000 Arusha Accord; note - next presidential election is scheduled for 22 April 2005
chief of state: President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by Prefect Jean-Jacques BROT (since 3 July 2002)


head of government: President of the General Council Younoussa BAMANA (since NA 1977)


cabinet: NA


elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of the Interior; president of the General Council elected by the members of the General Council for a six-year term
Exports NA $3.44 million f.o.b. (1997)
Exports - commodities coffee, tea, sugar, cotton, hides ylang-ylang (perfume essence), vanilla, copra, coconuts, coffee, cinnamon
Exports - partners Germany 19.6%, Belgium 8.2%, Pakistan 6.7%, US 5.6%, Rwanda 5.6%, Thailand 5.4% (2004) France 80%, Comoros 15%, Reunion
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description divided by a white diagonal cross into red panels (top and bottom) and green panels (hoist side and outer side) with a white disk superimposed at the center bearing three red six-pointed stars outlined in green arranged in a triangular design (one star above, two stars below) the flag of France is used
GDP - purchasing power parity - $85 million (1998 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 48.1%


industry: 19%


services: 32.9% (2004 est.)
agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $600 (2004 est.) purchasing power parity - $600 (1998 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 3% (2004 est.) NA%
Geographic coordinates 3 30 S, 30 00 E 12 50 S, 45 10 E
Geography - note landlocked; straddles crest of the Nile-Congo watershed; the Kagera, which drains into Lake Victoria, is the most remote headstream of the White Nile part of Comoro Archipelago; 18 islands
Highways total: 14,480 km


paved: 1,028 km


unpaved: 13,452 km (1999 est.)
total: 93 km


paved: 72 km


unpaved: 21 km
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: 1.8%


highest 10%: 32.9% (1998)
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Imports NA $141.3 million f.o.b. (1997)
Imports - commodities capital goods, petroleum products, foodstuffs food, machinery and equipment, transportation equipment, metals, chemicals
Imports - partners Kenya 13.7%, Tanzania 11.2%, US 8.9%, Belgium 8.5%, France 8.4%, Italy 6%, Uganda 5.6%, Japan 4.6%, Germany 4.5% (2004) France 66%, Africa 14%, Southeast Asia 11% (1997)
Independence 1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian administration) none (territorial collectivity of France)
Industrial production growth rate 18% (2001) NA%
Industries light consumer goods such as blankets, shoes, soap; assembly of imported components; public works construction; food processing newly created lobster and shrimp industry, construction
Infant mortality rate total: 69.29 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 75.87 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 62.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
67.76 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 8.5% (2004 est.) NA%
International organization participation ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, CEPGL, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (subscriber), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO FZ
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - NA
Irrigated land 740 sq km (1998 est.) NA sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; Constitutional Court; Courts of Appeal (there are three in separate locations); Tribunals of First Instance (17 at the province level and 123 small local tribunals) Supreme Court or Tribunal Superieur d'Appel
Labor force 2.99 million (2002) NA
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 93.6%, industry 2.3%, services 4.1% (2002 est.) -
Land boundaries total: 974 km


border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 233 km, Rwanda 290 km, Tanzania 451 km
0 km
Land use arable land: 35.05%


permanent crops: 14.02%


other: 50.93% (2001)
arable land: NA%


permanent crops: NA%


other: NA% (1998 est.)
Languages Kirundi (official), French (official), Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area) Mahorian (a Swahili dialect), French (official language) spoken by 35% of the population
Legal system based on German and Belgian civil codes and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction French law
Legislative branch bicameral, consists of a National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (expanded from 121 to approximately 140 seats under the transitional government inaugurated 1 November 2001; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and a Senate (54 seats; term length is undefined, the current senators will likely serve out the three-year transition period)


elections: last held 29 June 1993 (next was scheduled to be held in 1998, but was suspended by presidential decree in 1996; elections are currently planned to be held by April 2005)


election results: percent of vote by party - FRODEBU 71.04%, UPRONA 21.4%, other 7.56%; seats by party - FRODEBU 65, UPRONA 16, civilians 27, other parties 13
unicameral General Council or Conseil General (19 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms)


elections: last held 7 October 2000 (next to be held NA 2003)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA


note: Mayotte elects one member of the French Senate; elections last held 24 September 2001 (next to be held NA September 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; Mayotte also elects one member to the French National Assembly; elections last held 16 June 2002 (next to be held as a special election on NA June 2005); results - percent of vote by party - UMP-RPR 55.08%, UDF 44.92%; seats by party - UMP-RPR 1
Life expectancy at birth total population: 50.29 years


male: 49.61 years


female: 50.99 years (2005 est.)
total population: 60.21 years


male: 58.12 years


female: 62.37 years (2002 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 51.6%


male: 58.5%


female: 45.2% (2003 est.)
definition: NA


total population: NA%


male: NA%


female: NA%
Location Central Africa, east of Democratic Republic of the Congo Southern Africa, island in the Mozambique Channel, about one-half of the way from northern Madagascar to northern Mozambique
Map references Africa Africa
Maritime claims none (landlocked) exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine - none (2002 est.)
Military - note - defense is the responsibility of France; small contingent of French forces stationed on the island
Military branches National Defense Force (Forces de Defense Nationales, FDN): Army (includes Naval Detachment and Air Wing), National Gendarmerie (2005) -
Military expenditures - dollar figure $38.7 million (2004) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 6% (2004) -
National holiday Independence Day, 1 July (1962) Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
Nationality noun: Burundian(s)


adjective: Burundian
noun: Mahorais (singular and plural)


adjective: Mahoran
Natural hazards flooding, landslides, drought cyclones during rainy season
Natural resources nickel, uranium, rare earth oxides, peat, cobalt, copper, platinum, vanadium, arable land, hydropower, niobium, tantalum, gold, tin, tungsten, kaolin, limestone NEGL
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.) 9.11 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Political parties and leaders the three national, mainstream, governing parties are: Unity for National Progress or UPRONA [Jean-Baptiste MANWANGARI, secretary general]; Burundi Democratic Front or FRODEBU [Jean MINANI, president]; National Council for the Defense of Democracy, Front for the Defense of Democracy of CNDD-FDD [Pierre NKURUNZIZA, president]


note: a multiparty system was introduced after 1998, included are: National Resistance Movement for the Rehabilitation of the Citizen or MRC-Rurenzangemero [Epitace BANYAGANAKANDI]; Party for National Redress or PARENA [Jean-Baptiste BAGAZA]
Democratic Front or FD [Youssouf MOUSSA]; Mahoran Popular Movement or MPM [Younoussa BAMANA]; Federation of Mahorans or RPR [Moustoifa MOHAMED]; Movement for Department Status Mayotte or MDM [Younoussa BEN ALI]; Socialist Party or PS (local branch of French Parti Socialiste) [Ibrahim ABUBACAR]; Union for French Democracy or UDF [Henri JEAN-BAPTISTE]; note - may no longer be in existence
Political pressure groups and leaders loosely organized Hutu and Tutsi militias, often affiliated with Hutu and Tutsi extremist parties or subordinate to government security forces NA
Population 6,370,609


note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.)
170,879 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line 68% (2002 est.) NA%
Population growth rate 2.22% (2005 est.) 4.41% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors Bujumbura Dzaoudzi
Radio broadcast stations AM 0, FM 4, shortwave 1 (2001) AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 0 (2001)
Radios - NA
Railways - 0 km (2002)
Religions Christian 67% (Roman Catholic 62%, Protestant 5%), indigenous beliefs 23%, Muslim 10% Muslim 97%, Christian (mostly Roman Catholic)
Sex ratio at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.65 male(s)/female


total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.2 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.99 male(s)/female


total population: 1.1 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage NA years of age; universal adult 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: primitive system


domestic: sparse system of open-wire, radiotelephone communications, and low-capacity microwave radio relay


international: country code - 257; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
general assessment: small system administered by French Department of Posts and Telecommunications


domestic: NA


international: microwave radio relay and HF radiotelephone communications to Comoros (2001)
Telephones - main lines in use 23,900 (2003) 12,000 (1998)
Telephones - mobile cellular 64,000 (2003) 0 (2000)
Television broadcast stations 1 (2001) 3 (2001)
Terrain hilly and mountainous, dropping to a plateau in east, some plains generally undulating, with deep ravines and ancient volcanic peaks
Total fertility rate 5.81 children born/woman (2005 est.) 6.15 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate NA 45% (1997) (1997)
Waterways mainly on Lake Tanganyika (2004) none
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