Compare Burundi (2004) - Togo (2003)

Compare Burundi (2004) z Togo (2003)

	Burundi (2004)	Togo (2003)

Administrative divisions	16 provinces; Bubanza, Bujumbura, Bururi, Cankuzo, Cibitoke, Gitega, Karuzi, Kayanza, Kirundo, Makamba, Muramvya, Muyinga, Mwaro, Ngozi, Rutana, Ruyigi	5 regions (regions, singular - region); De La Kara, Des Plateaux, Des Savanes, Centrale, Maritime
Age structure	0-14 years: 46.4% (male 1,459,251; female 1,430,332) 15-64 years: 50.9% (male 1,566,274; female 1,607,705) 65 years and over: 2.7% (male 66,306; female 101,353) (2004 est.)	0-14 years: 44.5% (male 1,211,252; female 1,203,564) 15-64 years: 53% (male 1,404,763; female 1,473,360) 65 years and over: 2.5% (male 57,535; female 78,825) (2003 est.)
Agriculture - products	coffee, cotton, tea, corn, sorghum, sweet potatoes, bananas, manioc (tapioca); beef, milk, hides	coffee, cocoa, cotton, yams, cassava (tapioca), corn, beans, rice, millet, sorghum; livestock; fish
Airports	8 (2003 est.)	9 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)	total: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 3 (2004 est.)	total: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 2 (2002)
Area	total: 27,830 sq km land: 25,650 sq km water: 2,180 sq km	total: 56,785 sq km land: 54,385 sq km water: 2,400 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than Maryland	slightly smaller than West Virginia
Background	Burundi's first democratically elected president was assassinated in October 1993 after only one hundred days in office. Since then, some 200,000 Burundians have perished in widespread, often intense ethnic violence between Hutu and Tutsi factions. Hundreds of thousands have been internally displaced or have become refugees in neighboring countries. Burundi troops, seeking to secure their borders, briefly intervened in the conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1998. A new transitional government, inaugurated on 1 November 2001, signed a power-sharing agreement with the largest rebel faction in December 2003 and set in place a provisional constitution in October 2004. Implementation of the agreement has been problematic, however, as one remaining rebel group refuses to sign on and elections have been repeatedly delayed, clouding prospects for a sustainable peace.	French Togoland became Togo in 1960. Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA, installed as military ruler in 1967, is Africa's longest-serving head of state. Despite the facade of multiparty elections instituted in the early 1990s, the government continues to be dominated by President EYADEMA, whose Rally of the Togolese People (RPT) party has maintained power almost continually since 1967. In addition, Togo has come under fire from international organizations for human rights abuses and is plagued by political unrest. Most bilateral and multilateral aid to Togo remains frozen.
Birth rate	39.68 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)	35.23 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Budget	revenues: $179.4 million expenditures: $209 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2003)	revenues: $232 million expenditures: $252 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1997 est.)
Capital	Bujumbura	Lome
Climate	equatorial; high plateau with considerable altitude variation (772 m to 2,670 m above sea level); average annual temperature varies with altitude from 23 to 17 degrees centigrade but is generally moderate as the average altitude is about 1,700 m; average annual rainfall is about 150 cm; wet seasons from February to May and September to November, and dry seasons from June to August and December to January	tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north
Coastline	0 km (landlocked)	56 km
Constitution	13 March 1992; provided for establishment of a plural political system; supplanted on 20 October 2004 by a provisional constitution approved by the parliament, which extended the transition, set ethnic quotas for government positions, and tentatively scheduled elections for February-April 2005	multiparty draft constitution approved by High Council of the Republic 1 July 1992; adopted by public referendum 27 September 1992
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Burundi conventional short form: Burundi local long form: Republika y'u Burundi local short form: Burundi former: Urundi	conventional long form: Togolese Republic conventional short form: Togo local long form: Republique Togolaise local short form: none former: French Togoland
Currency	Burundi franc (BIF)	Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States
Death rate	17.61 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)	11.51 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Debt - external	$1.133 billion (2002)	$1.4 billion (2000)
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador James Howard YELLIN embassy: Avenue des Etats-Unis, Bujumbura mailing address: B. P. 1720, Bujumbura telephone: [257] 223454 FAX: [257] 222926	chief of mission: Ambassador Gregory ENGLE embassy: Angle Rue Kouenou and Rue 15 Beniglato, Lome mailing address: B. P. 852, Lome telephone: [228] 221 29 91 through 221 29 94 FAX: [228] 221 79 52
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Antoine NTAMOBWA chancery: Suite 212, 2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007 telephone: [1] (202) 342-2574 FAX: [1] (202) 342-2578	chief of mission: Ambassador Akoussoulelou BODJONA chancery: 2208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 234-4212 FAX: [1] (202) 232-3190
Disputes - international	Tutsi, Hutu, and other conflicting ethnic groups, associated political rebels, armed gangs, and various government forces continue fighting in the Great Lakes region, transcending the boundaries of Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, and Uganda to gain control over populated and natural resource areas; government heads pledge to end conflict, but localized violence continues despite UN peacekeeping efforts	in 2001 Benin claimed Togo moved boundary monuments - joint commission presently resurveying the boundary
Economic aid - recipient	$92.7 million (2000)	ODA $80 million (2000 est.)
Economy - overview	Burundi is a landlocked, resource-poor country with an underdeveloped manufacturing sector. The economy is predominantly agricultural with roughly 90% of the population dependent on subsistence agriculture. Economic growth depends on coffee and tea exports, which account for 90% of foreign exchange earnings. The ability to pay for imports, therefore, rests primarily on weather conditions and international coffee and tea prices. The Tutsi minority, 14% of the population, dominates the government and the coffee trade at the expense of the Hutu majority, 85% of the population. Since October 1993 an ethnic-based war has resulted in more than 200,000 deaths, forced 800,000 refugees into Tanzania, and displaced 525,000 others internally. Doubts about the prospects for sustainable peace continue to impede development. Only one in two children go to school, and approximately one in ten adults has HIV/AIDS. Food, medicine, and electricity remain in short supply.	This small sub-Saharan economy is heavily dependent on both commercial and subsistence agriculture, which provides employment for 65% of the labor force. Some basic foodstuffs must still be imported. Cocoa, coffee, and cotton generate about 40% of export earnings, with cotton being the most important cash crop. Togo is the world's fourth-largest producer of phosphate, but production fell an estimated 22% in 2002 due to power shortages and the cost of developing new deposits. The government's decade-long effort, supported by the World Bank and the IMF, to implement economic reform measures, encourage foreign investment, and bring revenues in line with expenditures has moved slowly. Progress depends on following through on privatization, increased openness in government financial operations, progress toward legislative elections, and continued support from foreign donors.
Electricity - consumption	177.5 million kWh (2001)	614.5 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports	33 million kWh; note - supplied by the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2001)	520 million kWh; note - electricity supplied by Ghana (2001)
Electricity - production	155.4 million kWh (2001)	101.6 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source	-	fossil fuel: 98.7% hydro: 1.3% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Lake Tanganyika 772 m highest point: Mount Heha 2,670 m	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mont Agou 986 m
Environment - current issues	soil erosion as a result of overgrazing and the expansion of agriculture into marginal lands; deforestation (little forested land remains because of uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel); habitat loss threatens wildlife populations	deforestation attributable to slash-and-burn agriculture and the use of wood for fuel; water pollution presents health hazards and hinders the fishing industry; air pollution increasing in urban areas
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	Hutu (Bantu) 85%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 14%, Twa (Pygmy) 1%, Europeans 3,000, South Asians 2,000	native African (37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe, Mina, and Kabre) 99%, European and Syrian-Lebanese less than 1%
Exchange rates	Burundi francs per US dollar - 1,082.62 (2003), 930.75 (2002), 830.35 (2001), 720.67 (2000), 563.56 (1999)	Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.7 (1999), 589.95 (1998)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Domitien NDAYIZEYE (since 30 April 2003); note - NDAYIZEYE, a Hutu, was sworn in as president for the second half of the three-year transitional government inaugurated on 1 November 2001; Vice President Frederic NGENZEBUHORO (since 11 November 2004) head of government: President Domitien NDAYIZEYE (since 30 April 2003); note - NDAYIZEYE, a Hutu, was sworn in as president for the second half of the three-year transitional government inaugurated on 1 November 2001; Vice President Frederic NGENZEBUHORO (since 11 November 2004) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by president elections: NA; current president assumed power on 30 April 2003 as part of the transitional government established by the 2000 Arusha Accord	chief of state: President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA (since 14 April 1967) head of government: Prime Minister Koffi SAMA (since 29 June 2002) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president and the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 1 June 2003 (next to be held NA June 2008); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Gnassingbe EYADEMA reelected president; percent of vote - Gnassingbe EYADEMA 57.2%, Emmanuel Akitani BOB 34.1%, Yawovi AGBOYIBO 5.2%, Maurice Dahuku PERE 2.3%, Edem KODJO 1.0%
Exports	NA (2001)	NA (2001)
Exports - commodities	coffee, tea, sugar, cotton, hides	reexports, cotton, phosphates, coffee, cocoa
Exports - partners	Switzerland 31.6%, UK 15.8%, Netherlands 5.3%, Rwanda 5.3% (2003)	Ghana 17.7%, Benin 13.3%, Burkina Faso 8.2%, Philippines 4.9%, Niger 4.1% (2002)
Fiscal year	calendar year	calendar year
Flag description	divided by a white diagonal cross into red panels (top and bottom) and green panels (hoist side and outer side) with a white disk superimposed at the center bearing three red six-pointed stars outlined in green arranged in a triangular design (one star above, two stars below)	five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom) alternating with yellow; there is a white five-pointed star on a red square in the upper hoist-side corner; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
GDP	purchasing power parity - $3.78 billion (2003 est.)	purchasing power parity - $7.594 billion (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 47.4% industry: 19.3% services: 33.3% (2003 est.)	agriculture: 42% industry: 21% services: 37% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $600 (2003 est.)	purchasing power parity - $1,400 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	-1.3% (2003 est.)	2.9% (2002 est.)
Geographic coordinates	3 30 S, 30 00 E	8 00 N, 1 10 E
Geography - note	landlocked; straddles crest of the Nile-Congo watershed; the Kagera, which drains into Lake Victoria, is the most remote headstream of the White Nile	the country's length allows it to stretch through six distinct geographic regions; climate varies from tropical to savanna
Highways	total: 14,480 km paved: 1,028 km unpaved: 13,452 km (1999 est.)	total: 7,520 km paved: 2,376 km unpaved: 5,144 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: 1.8% highest 10%: 32.9% (1998)	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs	-	transit hub for Nigerian heroin and cocaine traffickers; money laundering not a significant problem
Imports	NA (2001)	NA (2001)
Imports - commodities	capital goods, petroleum products, foodstuffs	machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products
Imports - partners	Kenya 14.6%, Tanzania 11.5%, Uganda 5.7%, France 5.1%, Zambia 5.1%, China 4.5%, India 4.5%, Japan 4.5% (2003)	France 21.3%, China 17%, Netherlands 6.5%, Germany 5.3%, UK 4.8%, Italy 4.4% (2002)
Independence	1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian administration)	27 April 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)
Industrial production growth rate	18% (2001)	NA%
Industries	light consumer goods such as blankets, shoes, soap; assembly of imported components; public works construction; food processing	phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement; handicrafts, textiles, beverages
Infant mortality rate	total: 70.4 deaths/1,000 live births male: 77.15 deaths/1,000 live births female: 63.45 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)	total: 68.73 deaths/1,000 live births male: 76.58 deaths/1,000 live births female: 60.65 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	10.7% (2003 est.)	4% (2002 est.)
International organization participation	ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, CEPGL, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (subscriber), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO	ACCT, ACP, AfDB, ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MIPONUH, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	3 (2001)
Irrigated land	740 sq km (1998 est.)	70 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; Constitutional Court; Courts of Appeal (there are three in separate locations); Tribunals of First Instance (17 at the province level and 123 small local tribunals)	Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Supreme Court or Cour Supreme
Labor force	2.99 million (2002)	1.74 million (1996)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 93.6%, industry 2.3%, services 4.1% (2002 est.)	agriculture 65%, industry 5%, services 30% (1998 est.)
Land boundaries	total: 974 km border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 233 km, Rwanda 290 km, Tanzania 451 km	total: 1,647 km border countries: Benin 644 km, Burkina Faso 126 km, Ghana 877 km
Land use	arable land: 35.05% permanent crops: 14.02% other: 50.93% (2001)	arable land: 41.37% permanent crops: 1.84% other: 56.79% (1998 est.)
Languages	Kirundi (official), French (official), Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area)	French (official and the language of commerce), Ewe and Mina (the two major African languages in the south), Kabye (sometimes spelled Kabiye) and Dagomba (the two major African languages in the north)
Legal system	based on German and Belgian civil codes and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction	French-based court system
Legislative branch	bicameral, consists of a National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (expanded from 121 to approximately 140 seats under the transitional government inaugurated 1 November 2001; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and a Senate (54 seats; term length is undefined, the current senators will likely serve out the three-year transition period) elections: last held 29 June 1993 (next was scheduled to be held in 1998, but was suspended by presidential decree in 1996; elections are planned to follow the completion of the three-year transitional government) election results: percent of vote by party - FRODEBU 71.04%, UPRONA 21.4%, other 7.56%; seats by party - FRODEBU 65, UPRONA 16, civilians 27, other parties 13	unicameral National Assembly (81 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 27 October 2002 (next NA 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPT 72, RSD 3, UDPS 2, Juvento 2, MOCEP 1, independents 1 note: two opposition parties boycotted the election, the Union of the Forces for Change, and the Action Committee for Renewal
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 43.36 years male: 42.73 years female: 44 years (2004 est.)	total population: 53.43 years male: 51.47 years female: 55.45 years (2003 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 51.6% male: 58.5% female: 45.2% (2003 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 60.9% male: 75.4% female: 46.9% (2003 est.)
Location	Central Africa, east of Democratic Republic of the Congo	Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Benin, between Benin and Ghana
Map references	Africa	Africa
Maritime claims	none (landlocked)	exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 30 NM
Merchant marine	-	total: 2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 3,918 GRT/3,852 DWT ships by type: cargo 1, specialized tanker 1 note: includes a foreign-owned ship registered here as a flag of convenience: Greece 1 (2002 est.)
Military branches	Army (including Naval Detachment and Air Wing), National Gendarmerie	Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$33.3 million (2003)	$23.72 million (FY02)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	6% (2003)	1.8% (FY02)
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 1,419,755 (2004 est.)	males age 15-49: 1,270,146 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 747,400 (2004 est.)	males age 15-49: 666,132 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	males: 81,862 (2004 est.)	-
National holiday	Independence Day, 1 July (1962)	Independence Day, 27 April (1960)
Nationality	noun: Burundian(s) adjective: Burundian	noun: Togolese (singular and plural) adjective: Togolese
Natural hazards	flooding, landslides, drought	hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter; periodic droughts
Natural resources	nickel, uranium, rare earth oxides, peat, cobalt, copper, platinum (not yet exploited), vanadium, arable land, hydropower	phosphates, limestone, marble, arable land
Net migration rate	-0.06 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Political parties and leaders	the two national, mainstream, governing parties are: Unity for National Progress or UPRONA [Alphonse KADEGE, president]; Burundi Democratic Front or FRODEBU [Jean MINANI, president] note: a multiparty system was introduced after 1998, included are: Burundi African Alliance for the Salvation or ABASA [Terrence NSANZE]; Rally for Democracy and Economic and Social Development or RADDES [Joseph NZEYIMANA]; Party for National Redress or PARENA [Jean-Baptiste BAGAZA]; People's Reconciliation Party or PRP [Mathias HITIMANA]	Juvento [Monsilia DJATO]; Movement of the Believers of Peace and Equality or MOCEP [leader NA]; Rally for the Support for Development and Democracy or RSDD [Hanay OLYMPIO]; Rally of the Togolese People or RPT [President Gnassingbe EYADEMA]; Union for Democracy and Social Progress or UDPS [Gagou KOKOU] note: Rally of the Togolese People or RPT, led by President EYADEMA, was the only party until the formation of multiple parties was legalized 12 April 1991
Political pressure groups and leaders	loosely organized Hutu and Tutsi militias, often affiliated with Hutu and Tutsi extremist parties or subordinate to government security forces	NA
Population	6,231,221 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2004 est.)	5,429,299 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line	68% (2002 est.)	32% (1989 est.)
Population growth rate	2.2% (2004 est.)	2.37% (2003 est.)
Ports and harbors	Bujumbura	Kpeme, Lome
Radio broadcast stations	AM 0, FM 4, shortwave 1 (2001)	AM 2, FM 9, shortwave 4 (1998)
Railways	-	total: 525 km narrow gauge: 525 km 1.000-m gauge (2002)
Religions	Christian 67% (Roman Catholic 62%, Protestant 5%), indigenous beliefs 23%, Muslim 10%	indigenous beliefs 51%, Christian 29%, Muslim 20%
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.65 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2004 est.)	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.73 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Suffrage	NA years of age; universal adult	NA years of age; universal adult
Telephone system	general assessment: primitive system domestic: sparse system of open-wire, radiotelephone communications, and low-capacity microwave radio relay international: country code - 257; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)	general assessment: fair system based on a network of microwave radio relay routes supplemented by open-wire lines and a mobile cellular system domestic: microwave radio relay and open-wire lines for conventional system; cellular system has capacity of 10,000 telephones international: satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Symphonie
Telephones - main lines in use	23,900 (2003)	25,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular	64,000 (2003)	2,995 (1997)
Television broadcast stations	1 (2001)	3 (plus two repeaters) (1997)
Terrain	hilly and mountainous, dropping to a plateau in east, some plains	gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern plateau; low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes
Total fertility rate	5.9 children born/woman (2004 est.)	4.97 children born/woman (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate	NA	NA%
Waterways	mainly on Lake Tanganyika (2004)	50 km (Mono river)

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