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Compare Burundi (2002) - Tunisia (2001)

Compare Burundi (2002) z Tunisia (2001)

 Burundi (2002)Tunisia (2001)
 BurundiTunisia
Administrative divisions 16 provinces; Bubanza, Bujumbura, Bururi, Cankuzo, Cibitoke, Gitega, Karuzi, Kayanza, Kirundo, Makamba, Muramvya, Muyinga, Mwaro, Ngozi, Rutana, Ruyigi 23 governorates; Ariana (Aryanah), Beja (Bajah), Ben Arous (Bin 'Arus), Bizerte (Banzart), El Kef (Al Kaf), Gabes (Qabis), Gafsa (Qafsah), Jendouba (Jundubah), Kairouan (Al Qayrawan), Kasserine (Al Qasrayn), Kebili (Qibili), Mahdia (Al Mahdiyah), Medenine (Madanin), Monastir (Al Munastir), Nabeul (Nabul), Sfax (Safaqis), Sidi Bou Zid (Sidi Bu Zayd), Siliana (Silyanah), Sousse (Susah), Tataouine (Tatawin), Tozeur (Tawzar), Tunis, Zaghouan (Zaghwan)
Age structure 0-14 years: 46.5% (male 1,497,865; female 1,466,455)


15-64 years: 50.7% (male 1,592,253; female 1,640,254)


65 years and over: 2.8% (male 71,915; female 104,260) (2002 est.)
0-14 years:
28.74% (male 1,440,636; female 1,348,133)

15-64 years:
65.12% (male 3,157,988; female 3,161,596)

65 years and over:
6.14% (male 296,930; female 299,819) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products coffee, cotton, tea, corn, sorghum, sweet potatoes, bananas, manioc (tapioca); beef, milk, hides olives, olive oil, grain, dairy products, tomatoes, citrus fruit, beef, sugar beets, dates, almonds
Airports 7 (2001) 32 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 1


over 3,047 m: 1 (2002)
total:
15

over 3,047 m:
3

2,438 to 3,047 m:
6

1,524 to 2,437 m:
3

914 to 1,523 m:
3 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 6 6


914 to 1,523 m: 3


under 914 m: 3 (2002)
total:
17

1,524 to 2,437 m:
2

914 to 1,523 m:
8

under 914 m:
7 (2000 est.)
Area total: 27,830 sq km


land: 25,650 sq km


water: 2,180 sq km
total:
163,610 sq km

land:
155,360 sq km

water:
8,250 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Maryland slightly larger than Georgia
Background Burundi's first democratically elected president was assassinated in October 1993 after only four months in office. Since then, some 200,000 Burundians have perished in widespread, often intense ethnic violence between Hutu and Tutsi factions. Hundreds of thousands have been internally displaced or have become refugees in neighboring countries. Burundian troops, seeking to secure their borders, intervened in the conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1998. More recently, many of these troops have been redeployed back to Burundi to deal with periodic upsurges in rebel activity. A new transitional government, inaugurated on 1 November 2001, was to be the first step towards holding national elections in three years. However, the unwillingness of the Hutu rebels to enact a cease fire with Bujumbura continues to obstruct prospects for a sustainable peace. Following independence from France in 1956, President Habib BOURGIUBA established a strict one-party state. He dominated the country for 31 years, repressing Islamic fundamentalism and establishing rights for women unmatched by any other Arab nation. In recent years, Tunisia has taken a moderate, non-aligned stance in its foreign relations. Domestically, it has sought to diffuse rising pressure for a more open political society.
Birth rate 39.87 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) 17.11 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $125 million


expenditures: $176 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
revenues:
$7.5 billion

expenditures:
$8.1 billion, including capital expenditures to $1.6 billion (2000 est.)
Capital Bujumbura Tunis
Climate equatorial; high plateau with considerable altitude variation (772 m to 2,670 m above sea level); average annual temperature varies with altitude from 23 to 17 degrees centigrade but is generally moderate as the average altitude is about 1,700 m; average annual rainfall is about 150 cm; wet seasons from February to May and September to November, and dry seasons from June to August and December to January temperate in north with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers; desert in south
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 1,148 km
Constitution 13 March 1992; provided for establishment of a plural political system; supplanted on 6 June 1998 by a Transitional Constitution which enlarged the National Assembly and created two vice presidents 1 June 1959; amended 12 July 1988
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Burundi


conventional short form: Burundi


local long form: Republika y'u Burundi


local short form: Burundi


former: Urundi
conventional long form:
Republic of Tunisia

conventional short form:
Tunisia

local long form:
Al Jumhuriyah at Tunisiyah

local short form:
Tunis
Currency Burundi franc (BIF) Tunisian dinar (TND)
Death rate 16.3 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) 4.99 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $1.12 billion (2001 est.) $13 billion (2000 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador James Howard YELLIN


embassy: Avenue des Etats-Unis, Bujumbura


mailing address: B. P. 1720, Bujumbura


telephone: [257] 223454


FAX: [257] 222926
chief of mission:
Ambassador Rust DEMMING

embassy:
144 Avenue de la Liberte, 1002 Tunis-Belvedere

mailing address:
use embassy street address

telephone:
[216] (1) 782-566

FAX:
[216] (1) 789-719
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Thomas NDIKUMANA


chancery: Suite 212, 2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007


telephone: [1] (202) 342-2574


FAX: [1] (202) 342-2578
chief of mission:
Ambassador Hatem ATALLAH

chancery:
1515 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20005

telephone:
[1] (202) 862-1850
Disputes - international Tutsi, Hutu, and other conflicting ethnic groups, political rebels, and various government forces continue fighting in Great Lakes region, transcending the boundaries of Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, and Uganda none
Economic aid - recipient $74 million (1999) $933.2 million (1995); note - ODA, $90 million (1998 est.)
Economy - overview Burundi is a landlocked, resource-poor country with an underdeveloped manufacturing sector. The economy is predominantly agricultural with roughly 90% of the population dependent on subsistence agriculture. Its economic health depends on the coffee crop, which accounts for 80% of foreign exchange earnings. The ability to pay for imports therefore rests largely on the vagaries of the climate and the international coffee market. Since October 1993 the nation has suffered from massive ethnic-based violence which has resulted in the death of more than 200,000 persons and the displacement of about 800,000 others. Only one in four children go to school, and more than one in ten adults has HIV/AIDS. Foods, medicines, and electricity remain in short supply. Doubts regarding the sustainability of peace continue to impede development. A Geneva donors' conference in November 2001 brought $800 million in pledges, and an IMF-staff-monitored program could lead to a further agreement in 2002. Tunisia has a diverse economy, with important agricultural, mining, energy, tourism, and manufacturing sectors. Governmental control of economic affairs while still heavy has gradually lessened over the past decade with increasing privatization, simplification of the tax structure, and a prudent approach to debt. Real growth averaged 5.5% in the past four years, and inflation is slowing. Growth in tourism and increased trade have been key elements in this steady growth. Tunisia's association agreement with the European Union entered into force on 1 March 1998, the first such accord between the EU and Mediterranean countries to be activated. Under the agreement Tunisia will gradually remove barriers to trade with the EU over the next decade. Broader privatization, further liberalization of the investment code to increase foreign investment, and improvements in government efficiency are among the challenges for the future.
Electricity - consumption 166.64 million kWh (2000) 8.677 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2000) 19 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 29 million kWh


note: supplied by the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2000)
165 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 148 million kWh (2000) 9.173 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 1%


hydro: 99%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
fossil fuel:
99.2%

hydro:
0.8%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Lake Tanganyika 772 m


highest point: Mount Heha 2,670 m
lowest point:
Shatt al Gharsah -17 m

highest point:
Jebel ech Chambi 1,544 m
Environment - current issues soil erosion as a result of overgrazing and the expansion of agriculture into marginal lands; deforestation (little forested land remains because of uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel); habitat loss threatens wildlife populations toxic and hazardous waste disposal is ineffective and presents human health risks; water pollution from raw sewage; limited natural fresh water resources; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection


signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Marine Life Conservation
Ethnic groups Hutu (Bantu) 85%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 14%, Twa (Pygmy) 1%, Europeans 3,000, South Asians 2,000 Arab 98%, European 1%, Jewish and other 1%
Exchange rates Burundi francs per US dollar - 865.14 (January 2002), 830.35 (2001), 720.67 (2000), 563.56 (1999), 477.77 (1998), 352.35 (1997) Tunisian dinars per US dollar - 1.3753 (January 2001), 1.4667 (November 2000), 1.1862 (1999), 1.1387 (1998), 1.1059 (1997), 0.9734 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: President Pierre BUYOYA (a Tutsi, was sworn in as president of a transition government on 1 November 2001; he is scheduled to hold office for 18 months before transferring power to his vice president, a Hutu); Vice President Domitien NDAYIZEYE (since 1 November 2001)


head of government: President Pierre BUYOYA (a Tutsi, was sworn in as president of a transition government on 1 November 2001; he is scheduled to hold office for 18 months before transferring power to his vice president, a Hutu); Vice President Domitien NDAYIZEYE (since 1 November 2001)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by president


elections: NA; current president assumed power following a coup on 25 July 1996 in which former President NTIBANTUNGANYA was overthrown
chief of state:
President Zine El Abidine BEN ALI (since 7 November 1987)

head of government:
Prime Minister Mohamed GHANNOUCHI (since 17 November 1999)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the president

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 24 October 1999 (next to be held NA 2004); prime minister appointed by the president

election results:
President Zine El Abidine BEN ALI reelected for a third term without opposition; percent of vote - Zine El Abidine BEN ALI nearly 100%
Exports $24 million f.o.b. (2001 est.) $6.1 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commodities coffee, tea, sugar, cotton, hides textiles, mechanical goods, phosphates and chemicals, agricultural products, hydrocarbons
Exports - partners EU 52.5%, US 11.5%, Kenya 11.5%, Switzerland 4.9% (2000 est.) Germany 28%, France 22%, Italy 17%, Belgium 5%, Libya 4% (1999)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description divided by a white diagonal cross into red panels (top and bottom) and green panels (hoist side and outer side) with a white disk superimposed at the center bearing three red six-pointed stars outlined in green arranged in a triangular design (one star above, two stars below) red with a white disk in the center bearing a red crescent nearly encircling a red five-pointed star; the crescent and star are traditional symbols of Islam
GDP purchasing power parity - $3.7 billion (2001 est.) purchasing power parity - $62.8 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 50%


industry: 18%


services: 32% (2001 est.)
agriculture:
14%

industry:
32%

services:
54% (1999 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $600 (2001 est.) purchasing power parity - $6,500 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 1.4% (2001 est.) 5% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 3 30 S, 30 00 E 34 00 N, 9 00 E
Geography - note landlocked; straddles crest of the Nile-Congo watershed; the Kagera, which drains into Lake Victoria, is the most remote headstream of the White Nile strategic location in central Mediterranean; Malta and Tunisia are discussing the commercial exploitation of the continental shelf between their countries, particularly for oil exploration
Highways total: 14,480 km


paved: 1,028 km


unpaved: 13,452 km (1996)
total:
23,100 km

paved:
18,226 km

unpaved:
4,874 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: 3%


highest 10%: 27% (1992) (1992)
lowest 10%:
2.3%

highest 10%:
30.7% (1990)
Imports $125 million f.o.b. (2001 est.) $8.4 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities capital goods, petroleum products, foodstuffs machinery and equipment, hydrocarbons, chemicals, food
Imports - partners EU 37.6%, Tanzania 10.3%, Zambia 4.3%, India 3.4%, China 3.4% (2000 est.) France 23%, Germany 23%, Italy 15%, Belgium 3% (1999)
Independence 1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian administration) 20 March 1956 (from France)
Industrial production growth rate 6.3% (1999 est.) 4.1% (2000 est.)
Industries light consumer goods such as blankets, shoes, soap; assembly of imported components; public works construction; food processing petroleum, mining (particularly phosphate and iron ore), tourism, textiles, footwear, food, beverages
Infant mortality rate 69.97 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) 29.04 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 14% (2001 est.) 3% (2000 est.)
International organization participation ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEEAC, CEPGL, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO ABEDA, ACCT, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, AMU, BSEC (observer), CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIPONUH, MONUC, NAM, OAS (observer), OAU, OIC, OPCW, OSCE (partner), UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) 1 (2000)
Irrigated land 740 sq km (1998 est.) 3,850 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; Constitutional Court; Courts of Appeal (there are three in separate locations); Tribunals of First Instance (17 at the province level and 123 small local tribunals) Court of Cassation or Cour de Cassation
Labor force 1.9 million 2.65 million (2000 est.)

note:
shortage of skilled labor
Labor force - by occupation NA services 55%, industry 23%, agriculture 22% (1995 est.)
Land boundaries total: 974 km


border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 233 km, Rwanda 290 km, Tanzania 451 km
total:
1,424 km

border countries:
Algeria 965 km, Libya 459 km
Land use arable land: 29.98%


permanent crops: 12.85%


other: 57.17% (1998 est.)
arable land:
19%

permanent crops:
13%

permanent pastures:
20%

forests and woodland:
4%

other:
44% (1993 est.)
Languages Kirundi (official), French (official), Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area) Arabic (official and one of the languages of commerce), French (commerce)
Legal system based on German and Belgian civil codes and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction based on French civil law system and Islamic law; some judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court in joint session
Legislative branch bicameral, consists of a National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (expanded from 121 to approximately 140 seats under the transitional government inaugurated 1 November 2001; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and a Senate (54 seats; term length is undefined, the current senators will likely serve out the three-year transition period)


elections: last held 29 June 1993 (next was scheduled to be held in 1998, but were suspended by presidential decree in 1996; elections are planned to follow the completion of the three-year transitional government)


election results: percent of vote by party - FRODEBU 71.04%, UPRONA 21.4%, other 7.56%; seats by party - FRODEBU 65, UPRONA 16, civilians 27, other parties 13
unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Majlis al-Nuwaab (182 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 24 October 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results:
percent of vote by party - RCD 92%; seats by party - RCD 148, MDS 13, UDU 7, PUP 7, Al-Tajdid 5, PSL 2; note - reforms enabled opposition parties to win up to 20% of seats; the opposition increased number of seats from 19 to 34
Life expectancy at birth total population: 45.94 years


male: 45.08 years


female: 46.83 years (2002 est.)
total population:
73.92 years

male:
72.35 years

female:
75.62 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 35.3%


male: 49.3%


female: 22.5% (1995 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
66.7%

male:
78.6%

female:
54.6% (1995 est.)
Location Central Africa, east of Democratic Republic of the Congo Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Algeria and Libya
Map references Africa Africa
Maritime claims none (landlocked) contiguous zone:
24 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine - total:
15 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 149,554 GRT/156,861 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 2, cargo 4, chemical tanker 3, liquefied gas 1, petroleum tanker 1, short-sea passenger 3, specialized tanker 1 (2000 est.)
Military branches Army (including naval and air units), Gendarmerie Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary forces, National Guard
Military expenditures - dollar figure $36.9 million (FY01) $356 million (FY99)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 5.3% (FY01) 1.5% (FY99)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 1,439,032 (2002 est.) males age 15-49:
2,739,566 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 752,584 (2002 est.) males age 15-49:
1,561,484 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age 16 years of age (2002 est.) 20 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males: 79,360 (2002 est.) males:
105,146 (2001 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 1 July (1962) Independence Day, 20 March (1956)
Nationality noun: Burundian(s)


adjective: Burundi
noun:
Tunisian(s)

adjective:
Tunisian
Natural hazards flooding, landslides, drought NA
Natural resources nickel, uranium, rare earth oxides, peat, cobalt, copper, platinum (not yet exploited), vanadium, arable land, hydropower petroleum, phosphates, iron ore, lead, zinc, salt
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) -0.67 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines - crude oil 797 km; petroleum products 86 km; natural gas 742 km
Political parties and leaders the two national, mainstream, governing parties are: Unity for National Progress or UPRONA [Luc RUKINGAMA, president]; Burundi Democratic Front or FRODEBU [Jean MINANI, president]


note: a multiparty system was introduced after 1998, included are: Burundi African Alliance for the Salvation or ABASA [Terrence NSANZE]; Rally for Democracy and Economic and Social Development or RADDES [Joseph NZENZIMANA]; Party for National Redress or PARENA [Jean-Baptiste BAGAZA]; People's Reconciliation Party or PRP [Mathias HITIMANA]
Al-Tajdid Movement [Adel CHAOUCH]; Constitutional Democratic Rally Party (Rassemblement Constitutionnel Democratique) or RCD [President Zine El Abidine BEN ALI (official ruling party)]; Liberal Social Party or PSL [Mounir BEJI]; Movement of Democratic Socialists or MDS [Khamis CHAMMARI]; Popular Unity Party or PUP [Mohamed Belhaj AMOR]; Unionist Democratic Union or UDU [Abderrahmane TLILI]
Political pressure groups and leaders Loosely organized Hutu and Tutsi militias, often affiliated with Hutu and Tutsi extremist parties or subordinate to government security forces the Islamic fundamentalist party, Al Nahda (Renaissance), is outlawed
Population 6,373,002


note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2002 est.)
9,705,102 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line 70% (2001 est.) 6% (2000 est.)
Population growth rate 2.36% (2002 est.) 1.15% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Bujumbura Bizerte, Gabes, La Goulette, Sfax, Sousse, Tunis, Zarzis
Radio broadcast stations AM 0, FM 4, shortwave 1 (2001) AM 7, FM 20, shortwave 2 (1998)
Radios 440,000 (2001) 2.06 million (1997)
Railways 0 km total:
2,168 km

standard gauge:
471 km 1.435-m gauge

narrow gauge:
1,687 km 1.000-m gauge

dual gauge:
10 km 1.000-m and 1.435-m gauges (three rails)
Religions Christian 67% (Roman Catholic 62%, Protestant 5%), indigenous beliefs 23%, Muslim 10% Muslim 98%, Christian 1%, Jewish and other 1%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female


total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
at birth:
1.08 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.07 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.99 male(s)/female

total population:
1.02 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage NA years of age; universal adult 20 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: primitive system


domestic: sparse system of open wire, radiotelephone communications, and low-capacity microwave radio relay


international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
general assessment:
above the African average and continuing to be upgraded; key centers are Sfax, Sousse, Bizerte, and Tunis; Internet access available

domestic:
trunk facilities consist of open-wire lines, coaxial cable, and microwave radio relay

international:
5 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Algeria and Libya; participant in Medarabtel; two international gateway digital switches
Telephones - main lines in use 20,000 (2000) 654,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 16,300 (2000) 50,000 (1998)
Television broadcast stations 1 (2001) 26 (plus 76 repeaters) (1995)
Terrain hilly and mountainous, dropping to a plateau in east, some plains mountains in north; hot, dry central plain; semiarid south merges into the Sahara
Total fertility rate 6.07 children born/woman (2002 est.) 1.99 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate NA% 15.6% (2000 est.)
Waterways Lake Tanganyika none
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