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Compare Bermuda (2003) - Svalbard (2001)

Compare Bermuda (2003) z Svalbard (2001)

 Bermuda (2003)Svalbard (2001)
 BermudaSvalbard
Administrative divisions 9 parishes and 2 municipalities*; Devonshire, Hamilton, Hamilton*, Paget, Pembroke, Saint George*, Saint George's, Sandys, Smith's, Southampton, Warwick -
Age structure 0-14 years: 19.2% (male 6,195; female 6,205)


15-64 years: 69.3% (male 22,110; female 22,574)


65 years and over: 11.5% (male 3,215; female 4,183) (2003 est.)		 0-14 years:
NA%

15-64 years:
NA%

65 years and over:
NA%
Agriculture - products bananas, vegetables, citrus, flowers; dairy products -
Airports 1 (2002) 4 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 1


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2002)		 total:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total:
3

under 914 m:
3 (2000 est.)
Area total: 53.3 sq km


land: 53.3 sq km


water: 0 sq km		 total:
62,049 sq km

land:
62,049 sq km

water:
0 sq km

note:
includes Spitsbergen and Bjornoya (Bear Island)
Area - comparative about one-third the size of Washington, DC slightly smaller than West Virginia
Background Bermuda was first settled in 1609 by shipwrecked English colonists headed for Virginia. Tourism to the island to escape North American winters first developed in Victorian times. Tourism continues to be important to the island's economy, although international business has overtaken it in recent years. Bermuda has developed into a highly successful offshore financial center. A referendum on independence was soundly defeated in 1995. First discovered by the Norwegians in the 12th century, the islands served as an international whaling base during the 17th and 18th centuries. Norway's sovereignty was recognized in 1920; five years later it officially took over the territory.
Birth rate 12.13 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) NA births/1,000 population
Budget revenues: $609.5 million


expenditures: $574.6 million, including capital expenditures of $54.8 million (FY 00/01)		 revenues:
$11.5 million

expenditures:
$11.5 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998 est.)
Capital Hamilton Longyearbyen
Climate subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter arctic, tempered by warm North Atlantic Current; cool summers, cold winters; North Atlantic Current flows along west and north coasts of Spitsbergen, keeping water open and navigable most of the year
Coastline 103 km 3,587 km
Constitution 8 June 1968, amended 1989 -
Country name conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Bermuda


former: Somers Islands		 conventional long form:
none

conventional short form:
Svalbard (sometimes referred to as Spitzbergen)
Currency Bermudian dollar (BMD) Norwegian krone (NOK)
Death rate 7.46 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) NA deaths/1,000 population
Debt - external $145 million (FY 99/00) -
Dependency status overseas territory of the UK territory of Norway; administered by the Ministry of Industry, Oslo, through a governor (sysselmann) residing in Longyearbyen, Spitsbergen; by treaty (9 February 1920) sovereignty was given to Norway
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Consul General Denis Patrick COLEMAN, Jr.


consulate(s) general: Crown Hill, 16 Middle Road, Devonshire DVO3


mailing address: P. O. Box HM325, Hamilton HMBX; American Consulate General Hamilton, Department of State, 5300 Hamilton Place, Washington, DC 20520-5300


telephone: [1] (441) 295-1342


FAX: [1] (441) 295-1592, [1] (441) 296-9233		 -
Diplomatic representation in the US none (overseas territory of the UK) -
Disputes - international none focus of a maritime boundary dispute between Norway and Russia
Economic aid - recipient $NA $8.2 million from Norway (1998)
Economy - overview Bermuda enjoys one of the highest per capita incomes in the world, with its economy primarily based on providing financial services for international business and luxury facilities for tourists. The effects of 11 September 2001 have had both positive and negative ramifications for Bermuda. On the positive side, a number of new reinsurance companies have located on the island, contributing to the expansion of an already robust international business sector. On the negative side, Bermuda's tourism industry - which derives over 80% of its visitors from the US - has been severely hit as American tourists have chosen not to travel. Tourism rebounded somewhat in 2002, but remains below the pre-11 September level. Most capital equipment and food must be imported. Bermuda's industrial sector is small, although construction continues to be important. Agriculture is limited, only 6% of the land being arable. Coal mining is the major economic activity on Svalbard. The treaty of 9 February 1920 gives the 41 signatories equal rights to exploit mineral deposits, subject to Norwegian regulation. Although US, UK, Dutch, and Swedish coal companies have mined in the past, the only companies still mining are Norwegian and Russian. The settlements on Svalbard are essentially company towns. The Norwegian state-owned coal company employs nearly 60% of the Norwegian population on the island, runs many of the local services, and provides most of the local infrastructure. There is also some trapping of seal, polar bear, fox, and walrus.
Electricity - consumption 598.6 million kWh (2001) NA kWh
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2001) -
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2001) -
Electricity - production 643.7 million kWh (2001) NA kWh
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2001)		 fossil fuel:
NA%

hydro:
NA%

nuclear:
NA%

other:
NA%
Elevation extremes lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Town Hill 76 m		 lowest point:
Arctic Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Newtontoppen 1,717 m
Environment - current issues asbestos disposal; water pollution; preservation of open space; sustainable development NA
Ethnic groups black 58%, white 36%, other 6% Norwegian 55.4%, Russian and Ukrainian 44.3%, other 0.3% (1998)
Exchange rates Bermudian dollar per US dollar - 1.0000 (fixed rate pegged to the US dollar) Norwegian kroner per US dollar - 8.7784 (January 2001), 8.8018 (2000), 7.7992 (1999), 7.5451 (1998), 7.0734 (1997), 6.4498 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor Sir John VEREKER (since NA April 2002)


head of government: Premier Alex SCOTT (since 24 July 2003)


cabinet: Cabinet nominated by the premier, appointed by the governor


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed premier by the governor		 chief of state:
King HARALD V of Norway (since 17 January 1991)

head of government:
Governor Morten RUUD (since NA November 1998) and Assistant Governor Odd Redar HUMLEGAARD (since NA)

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary; governor and assistant governor responsible to the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice
Exports NA (2001) $NA
Exports - commodities reexports of pharmaceuticals -
Exports - partners France 77.4%, UK 2.8%, US 2.4% (2002) -
Fiscal year 1 April - 31 March -
Flag description red, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Bermudian coat of arms (white and green shield with a red lion holding a scrolled shield showing the sinking of the ship Sea Venture off Bermuda in 1609) centered on the outer half of the flag the flag of Norway is used
GDP purchasing power parity - $2.25 billion (2002 est.) purchasing power parity - $NA
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 1%


industry: 10%


services: 89% (2002 est.)		 -
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $35,200 (2002 est.) purchasing power parity - $NA
GDP - real growth rate 0.5% (2002 est.) NA%
Geographic coordinates 32 20 N, 64 45 W 78 00 N, 20 00 E
Geography - note consists of about 138 coral islands and islets with ample rainfall, but no rivers or freshwater lakes; some land was leased by US Government from 1941 to 1995 northernmost part of the Kingdom of Norway; consists of nine main islands; glaciers and snowfields cover 60% of the total area
Highways total: 450 km


paved: 450 km


unpaved: 0 km


note: public roads - 209 km; private roads - 241 km (2002)		 total:
NA km

paved:
NA km

unpaved:
NA km
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%		 lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Imports NA (2001) $NA
Imports - commodities machinery and transport equipment, construction materials, chemicals, food and live animals -
Imports - partners Kazakhstan 30.9%, France 24.7%, Italy 10.5%, US 9.7%, South Korea 8.4%, Mexico 4.3% (2002) -
Independence none (overseas territory of the UK) none (territory of Norway)
Industrial production growth rate NA% NA%
Industries tourism, international business, light manufacturing -
Infant mortality rate total: 9.05 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 10.77 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 7.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)		 NA deaths/1,000 live births
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2.3% (July 2002) NA%
International organization participation Caricom (observer), ICFTU, Interpol (subbureau), IOC, WCO none
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 20 (2000) 13 (Svalbard and Jan Mayen) (2000)
Irrigated land NA sq km NA sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrate Courts -
Labor force 37,472 (2000) NA
Labor force - by occupation clerical 22%, services 20%, laborers 17%, professional and technical 17%, administrative and managerial 13%, sales 8%, agriculture and fishing 3% (2000 est.) -
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land: 6%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 94% (55% developed, 45% rural/open space) (1998 est.)		 arable land:
0%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
100% (no trees, and the only bushes are crowberry and cloudberry)
Languages English (official), Portuguese Russian, Norwegian
Legal system English law NA
Legislative branch bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (an 11-member body appointed by the governor, the premier, and the opposition) and the House of Assembly (36 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: last general election held 24 July 2003 (next to be held NA July 2008)


election results: percent of vote by party - PLP 51.7%, UBP 48%; seats by party - PLP 22, UBP 14		 -
Life expectancy at birth total population: 77.41 years


male: 75.38 years


female: 79.49 years (2003 est.)		 total population:
NA years

male:
NA years

female:
NA years
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 98%


male: 98%


female: 99% (1970 est.)		 -
Location North America, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, east of North Carolina (US) Northern Europe, islands between the Arctic Ocean, Barents Sea, Greenland Sea, and Norwegian Sea, north of Norway
Map references North America Arctic Region
Maritime claims exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM		 exclusive fishing zone:
200 NM unilaterally claimed by Norway but not recognized by Russia

territorial sea:
4 NM
Merchant marine total: 93 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 4,993,227 GRT/7,089,760 DWT


ships by type: bulk 25, cargo 4, chemical tanker 1, container 14, liquefied gas 9, passenger 5, petroleum tanker 11, refrigerated cargo 13, roll on/roll off 7, short-sea passenger 4


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Croatia 5, Denmark 2, Germany 1, Greece 1, Hong Kong 9, Indonesia 1, Norway 2, Sweden 11, United Kingdom 52, United States 13 (2002 est.)		 none (2000 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of the UK demilitarized by treaty (9 February 1920)
Military branches no regular indigenous military forces; Bermuda Regiment, Bermuda Police Force, Bermuda Reserve Constabulary -
Military expenditures - dollar figure $4.028 million (January 2002) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 0.11% (FY00/01) -
National holiday Bermuda Day, 24 May NA
Nationality noun: Bermudian(s)


adjective: Bermudian		 -
Natural hazards hurricanes (June to November) ice floes often block up the entrance to Bellsund (a transit point for coal export) on the west coast and occasionally make parts of the northeastern coast inaccessible to maritime traffic
Natural resources limestone, pleasant climate fostering tourism coal, copper, iron ore, phosphate, zinc, wildlife, fish
Net migration rate 2.56 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) NA migrant(s)/1,000 population
Political parties and leaders National Liberal Party or NLP [Dessaline WALDRON]; Progressive Labor Party or PLP [Jennifer SMITH]; United Bermuda Party or UBP [Chairman Wayne FURBERT] -
Political pressure groups and leaders Bermuda Employer's Union [Eddie SAINTS]; Bermuda Industrial Union or BIU [Derrick BURGESS]; Bermuda Public Services Association or BPSA [leader NA]; Bermuda Union of Teachers [Michael CHARLES] -
Population 64,482 (July 2003 est.) 2,332 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA%
Population growth rate 0.72% (2003 est.) -3.55% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Hamilton, Saint George's, Dockyard Barentsburg, Longyearbyen, Ny-Alesund, Pyramiden
Radio broadcast stations AM 5, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 1, FM 1 (plus 2 repeaters), shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios - NA
Railways 0 km 0 km
Religions non-Anglican Protestant 39%, Anglican 27%, Roman Catholic 15%, other 19% -
Sex ratio at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female


total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2003 est.)		 -
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal -
Telephone system general assessment: NA


domestic: modern, fully automatic telephone system


international: 3 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)		 general assessment:
probably adequate

domestic:
local telephone service

international:
satellite earth station - 1 of unknown type (for communication with Norwegian mainland only)
Telephones - main lines in use 52,000 (1997) NA
Telephones - mobile cellular 7,980 (1996) NA
Television broadcast stations 3 (1997) NA
Terrain low hills separated by fertile depressions wild, rugged mountains; much of high land ice covered; west coast clear of ice about one-half of the year; fjords along west and north coasts
Total fertility rate 1.9 children born/woman (2003 est.) NA children born/woman
Unemployment rate 4.5% (1993) -
Waterways none none
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