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Compare Bangladesh (2001) - Chad (2001)

Compare Bangladesh (2001) z Chad (2001)

 Bangladesh (2001)Chad (2001)
 BangladeshChad
Administrative divisions 5 divisions; Barisal, Chittagong, Dhaka, Khulna, Rajshahi; note - there may be one additional division named Sylhet 14 prefectures (prefectures, singular - prefecture); Batha, Biltine, Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti, Chari-Baguirmi, Guera, Kanem, Lac, Logone Occidental, Logone Oriental, Mayo-Kebbi, Moyen-Chari, Ouaddai, Salamat, Tandjile
Age structure 0-14 years:
35.04% (male 23,550,607; female 22,451,006)

15-64 years:
61.6% (male 41,432,123; female 39,434,633)

65 years and over:
3.36% (male 2,389,639; female 2,011,852) (2001 est.)
0-14 years:
47.73% (male 2,091,724; female 2,064,514)

15-64 years:
49.46% (male 2,035,099; female 2,271,389)

65 years and over:
2.81% (male 101,579; female 142,773) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products rice, jute, tea, wheat, sugarcane, potatoes, tobacco, pulses, oilseeds, spices, fruit; beef, milk, poultry cotton, sorghum, millet, peanuts, rice, potatoes, manioc (tapioca); cattle, sheep, goats, camels
Airports 18 (2000 est.) 50 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
15

over 3,047 m:
2

2,438 to 3,047 m:
3

1,524 to 2,437 m:
4

914 to 1,523 m:
1

under 914 m:
5 (2000 est.)
total:
7

over 3,047 m:
2

2,438 to 3,047 m:
3

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
3

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

under 914 m:
2 (2000 est.)
total:
43

1,524 to 2,437 m:
12

914 to 1,523 m:
20

under 914 m:
11 (2000 est.)
Area total:
144,000 sq km

land:
133,910 sq km

water:
10,090 sq km
total:
1.284 million sq km

land:
1,259,200 sq km

water:
24,800 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Wisconsin slightly more than three times the size of California
Background Bangladesh came into existence in 1971 when Bengali East Pakistan seceded from its union with West Pakistan. About a third of this extremely poor country annually floods during the monsoon rainy season, hampering economic development. Chad, part of France's African holdings until 1960, endured three decades of ethnic warfare as well as invasions by Libya before a semblance of peace was finally restored in 1990. The government eventually suppressed or came to terms with most political-military groups, settled a territorial dispute with Libya on terms favorable to Chad, drafted a democratic constitution, and held multiparty presidential and National Assembly elections in 1996 and 1997 respectively. In 1998 a new rebellion broke out in northern Chad, which continued to escalate throughout 2000. Despite movement toward democratic reform, power remains in the hands of a northern ethnic oligarchy.
Birth rate 25.3 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 48.28 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues:
$4.9 billion

expenditures:
$6.8 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY99/00 est.)
revenues:
$198 million

expenditures:
$218 million, including capital expenditures of $146 million (1998 est.)
Capital Dhaka N'Djamena
Climate tropical; mild winter (October to March); hot, humid summer (March to June); humid, warm rainy monsoon (June to October) tropical in south, desert in north
Coastline 580 km 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution 4 November 1972, effective 16 December 1972, suspended following coup of 24 March 1982, restored 10 November 1986, amended many times passed by referendum 31 March 1995
Country name conventional long form:
People's Republic of Bangladesh

conventional short form:
Bangladesh

former:
East Pakistan
conventional long form:
Republic of Chad

conventional short form:
Chad

local long form:
Republique du Tchad

local short form:
Tchad
Currency taka (BDT) Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note - responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States
Death rate 8.6 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 15.4 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $17 billion (2000) $1 billion (1999 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Mary Ann PETERS

embassy:
Road 27, House 110, Banani, Dhaka

mailing address:
G. P. O. Box 323, Dhaka 1000

telephone:
[880] (2) 8824700 through 8824722

FAX:
[880] (2) 8823744
chief of mission:
Ambassador Christopher E. GOLDTHWAIT

embassy:
Avenue Felix Eboue, N'Djamena

mailing address:
B. P. 413, N'Djamena

telephone:
[235] (51) 70-09, (51) 90-52, (51) 92-33

FAX:
[235] (51) 56-54
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador-designate A. Tariq KARIM

chancery:
3510 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 244-0183

consulate(s) general:
Los Angeles and New York
chief of mission:
Ambassador Hassaballah Abdelhadi Ahmat SOUBIANE

chancery:
2002 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20009

telephone:
[1] (202) 462-4009

FAX:
[1] (202) 265-1937
Disputes - international a portion of the boundary with India is indefinite; exchange of 151 enclaves along border with India subject to ratification by Indian parliament; dispute with India over South Talpatty/New Moore Island delimitation of international boundaries in the vicinity of Lake Chad, the lack of which led to border incidents in the past, has been completed and awaits ratification by Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria
Economic aid - recipient $1.575 billion (2000 est.) $238.3 million (1995); note - $125 million committed by Taiwan (August 1997); $30 million committed by African Development Bank
Economy - overview Despite sustained domestic and international efforts to improve economic and demographic prospects, Bangladesh remains one of the world's poorest, most densely populated, and least developed nations. Although more than half of GDP is generated through the service sector, nearly two-thirds of Bangladeshis are employed in the agriculture sector, with rice as the single most important product. Major impediments to growth include frequent cyclones and floods, inefficient state-owned enterprises, inadequate port facilities, a rapidly growing labor force that cannot be absorbed by agriculture, delays in exploiting energy resources (natural gas), insufficient power supplies, and slow implementation of economic reforms. Reform is stalled in many instances by political infighting and corruption at all levels of government. Even so, Prime Minister Sheikh HASINA's Awami League government has made some headway improving the climate for foreign investors and liberalizing the capital markets. Progress on other economic reforms has been halting because of opposition from the bureaucracy, public sector unions, and other vested interest groups. Landlocked Chad's economic development suffers from its geographic remoteness, drought, lack of infrastructure, and political turmoil. About 85% of the population depends on agriculture, including the herding of livestock. Of Africa's Francophone countries, Chad benefited least from the 50% devaluation of their currencies in January 1994. Financial aid from the World Bank, the African Development Fund, and other sources is directed largely at the improvement of agriculture, especially livestock production. The World Bank's decision to back the Doba oil field development and the Chad-Cameroon pipeline will add Chad to the group of already booming West African oil exporters. However, the rank and file may not benefit much from the oil development projects.
Electricity - consumption 11.216 billion kWh (1999) 83.7 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 12.06 billion kWh (1999) 90 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
93.7%

hydro:
6.3%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Keokradong 1,230 m
lowest point:
Djourab Depression 160 m

highest point:
Emi Koussi 3,415 m
Environment - current issues many people are landless and forced to live on and cultivate flood-prone land; water-borne diseases prevalent in surface water; water pollution, especially of fishing areas, results from the use of commercial pesticides; ground water contaminated by naturally-occurring arsenic; intermittent water shortages because of falling water tables in the northern and central parts of the country; soil degradation and erosion; deforestation; severe overpopulation inadequate supplies of potable water; improper waste disposal in rural areas contributes to soil and water pollution; desertification
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Law of the Sea
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping
Ethnic groups Bengali 98%, tribal groups, non-Bengali Muslims (1998) Muslims, commonly referred to as "northerners" or "gorane" (Arabs, Toubou, Hadjerai, Fulbe, Kotoko, Kanembou, Baguirmi, Boulala, Zaghawa, and Maba); non-Muslims, commonly referred to as "southerners" (Sara, Ngambaye, Mbaye, Goulaye, Moundang, Moussei, Massa) including nonindigenous 150,000 (of whom 1,000 are French)

note:
ethnicity and regional background more commonly used to identify Chadians than religious affiliation
Exchange rates taka per US dollar - 54.000 (January 2001), 52.142 (2000), 49.085 (1999), 46.906 (1998), 43.892 (1997), 41.794 (1996) Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XAF) per US dollar - 699.21 (January 2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997), 511.55 (1996); note - from 1 January 1999, the XAF is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XAF per euro
Executive branch chief of state:
President Shahabuddin AHMED (since 9 October 1996); note - the president's duties are normally ceremonial, but with the 13th amendment to the constitution ("Caretaker Government Amendment"), the president's role becomes significant at times when Parliament is dissolved and a caretaker government is installed - at presidential direction - to supervise the elections

head of government:
Prime Minister Sheikh HASINA (since 13 July 1996)

cabinet:
Cabinet selected by the prime minister and appointed by the president

elections:
president elected by National Parliament for a five-year term; election last held 24 July 1996 (next to be held by NA October 2001); following legislative elections, the leader of the party that wins the most seats is usually appointed prime minister by the president

election results:
Shahabuddin AHMED elected president without opposition; percent of National Parliament vote - NA%
chief of state:
President Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY (since 4 December 1990)

head of government:
Prime Minister Nagoum YAMASSOUM (since 13 December 1999)

cabinet:
Council of State, members appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister

elections:
president elected by popular vote to serve five-year term; if no candidate receives at least 50% of the total vote, the two candidates receiving the most votes must stand for a second round of voting; last held 20 May 2001 (next to be held NA 2006); prime minister appointed by the president

election results:
Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY elected president; percent of vote - Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY 63%, Ngarlegy YORONGAR 16%, Saleh KEBZABO 7%

note:
government coalition - MPS, UNDR, and URD
Exports $5.9 billion (2000) $172 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commodities garments, jute and jute goods, leather, frozen fish and seafood cotton, cattle, textiles
Exports - partners US 31.2%, Germany 9.95%, UK 8.06%, France 5.82%, Italy 4.42% (1999) Portugal 38%, Germany 12%, Thailand, Costa Rica, South Africa, France (1999)
Fiscal year 1 July - 30 June calendar year
Flag description green with a large red disk slightly to the hoist side of center; the red sun of freedom represents the blood shed to achieve independence; the green field symbolizes the lush countryside, and secondarily, the traditional color of Islam three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; similar to the flag of Romania; also similar to the flags of Andorra and Moldova, both of which have a national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; design was based on the flag of France
GDP purchasing power parity - $203 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $8.1 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
30%

industry:
18%

services:
52% (2000 est.)
agriculture:
40%

industry:
14%

services:
46% (1998)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,570 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $1,000 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 5.3% (2000 est.) 4% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 24 00 N, 90 00 E 15 00 N, 19 00 E
Geography - note - landlocked; Lake Chad is the most significant water body in the Sahel
Highways total:
201,182 km

paved:
19,112 km

unpaved:
182,070 km (1997)
total:
33,400 km

paved:
267 km

unpaved:
33,133 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
3.9%

highest 10%:
28.6% (1995-96 est.)
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Illicit drugs transit country for illegal drugs produced in neighboring countries -
Imports $8.1 billion (2000) $223 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities machinery and equipment, chemicals, iron and steel, textiles, raw cotton, food, crude oil and petroleum products, cement machinery and transportation equipment, industrial goods, petroleum products, foodstuffs, textiles
Imports - partners India 12.2%, Singapore 7.8%, Japan 6.7%, China 6.4%, US 5.3% (1999) France 40%, Cameroon 13%, Nigeria 12%, India 5% (1999)
Independence 16 December 1971 (from West Pakistan); note - 26 March 1971 is the date of independence from West Pakistan, 16 December 1971 is known as Victory Day and commemorates the official creation of the state of Bangladesh 11 August 1960 (from France)
Industrial production growth rate 6.1% (2000 est.) 5% (1995)
Industries cotton textiles, jute, garments, tea processing, paper newsprint, cement, chemical fertilizer, light engineering, sugar cotton textiles, meatpacking, beer brewing, natron (sodium carbonate), soap, cigarettes, construction materials
Infant mortality rate 69.85 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) 95.06 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 5.8% (2000 est.) 3% (2000 est.)
International organization participation AsDB, C, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO (pending member), ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OIC, OPCW, SAARC, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNMOT, UNOMIG, UNTAET, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO ACCT, ACP, AfDB, BDEAC, CEEAC, CEMAC, ECA, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 10 (2000) 1 (2000)
Irrigated land 31,000 sq km (1993 est.) 140 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court (the chief justices and other judges are appointed by the president) Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Criminal Courts; Magistrate Courts
Labor force 64.1 million (1998)

note:
extensive export of labor to Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Oman, Qatar, and Malaysia; workers' remittances estimated at $1.71 billion in 1998-99
NA
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 63%, services 26%, industry 11% (FY95/96) agriculture 85% (subsistence farming, herding, and fishing)
Land boundaries total:
4,246 km

border countries:
Burma 193 km, India 4,053 km
total:
5,968 km

border countries:
Cameroon 1,094 km, Central African Republic 1,197 km, Libya 1,055 km, Niger 1,175 km, Nigeria 87 km, Sudan 1,360 km
Land use arable land:
73%

permanent crops:
2%

permanent pastures:
5%

forests and woodland:
15%

other:
5% (1993 est.)
arable land:
3%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
36%

forests and woodland:
26%

other:
35% (1993 est.)
Languages Bangla (official, also known as Bengali), English French (official), Arabic (official), Sara and Sango (in south), more than 100 different languages and dialects
Legal system based on English common law based on French civil law system and Chadian customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral National Parliament or Jatiya Sangsad (330 seats; 300 elected by popular vote from single territorial constituencies, 30 seats reserved for women; members serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 12 June 1996 (next to be held before 13 October 2001)

election results:
percent of vote by party - AL 33.87%, BNP 30.87%; seats by party - AL 178, BNP 113, JP 33, JI 3, other 3; note - the elections of 12 June 1996 brought to power an Awami League government for the first time in twenty-one years; held under a neutral, caretaker administration, the elections were characterized by a peaceful, orderly process and massive voter turnout, ending a bitter two-year impasse between the former BNP and opposition parties that had paralyzed National Parliament and led to widespread street violence
unicameral National Assembly (125 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms); replaces the Higher Transitional Council or the Conseil Superieur de Transition

elections:
National Assembly - last held in two rounds on 5 January and 23 February 1997 (next to be held in late 2001); in the first round of voting some candidates won clear victories by receiving 50% or more of the vote; where that did not happen, the two highest scoring candidates stood for a second round of voting

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - MPS 65, URD 29, UNDR 15, RDP 3, others 13
Life expectancy at birth total population:
60.54 years

male:
60.74 years

female:
60.33 years (2001 est.)
total population:
50.88 years

male:
48.86 years

female:
52.98 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
56%

male:
63%

female:
49% (2000 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write French or Arabic

total population:
48.1%

male:
62.1%

female:
34.7% (1995 est.)
Location Southern Asia, bordering the Bay of Bengal, between Burma and India Central Africa, south of Libya
Map references Asia Africa
Maritime claims contiguous zone:
18 NM

continental shelf:
up to the outer limits of the continental margin

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
none (landlocked)
Merchant marine total:
35 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 268,566 GRT/375,110 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 2, cargo 25, container 3, petroleum tanker 2, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 2 (2000 est.)
-
Military branches Army, Navy, Coast Guard, Air Force, paramilitary forces (includes Bangladesh Rifles, Bangladesh Ansars, Village Defense Parties, National Cadet Corps), Armed Police battalions Armed Forces (includes Ground Force, Air Force, and Gendarmerie), Republican Guard, Rapid Intervention Force, Police, Rural and Nomadic Guard (GNNT)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $559 million (FY96/97) $39 million (FY96)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1.8% (FY96/97) 3.5% (FY96)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
36,005,553 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49:
1,814,578 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
21,362,279 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49:
949,997 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 20 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males:
82,003 (2001 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 26 March (1971); note - 26 March 1971 is the date of independence from West Pakistan, 16 December 1971 is Victory Day and commemorates the official creation of the state of Bangladesh Independence Day, 11 August (1960)
Nationality noun:
Bangladeshi(s)

adjective:
Bangladeshi
noun:
Chadian(s)

adjective:
Chadian
Natural hazards droughts, cyclones; much of the country routinely inundated during the summer monsoon season hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in north; periodic droughts; locust plagues
Natural resources natural gas, arable land, timber, coal petroleum (unexploited but exploration under way), uranium, natron, kaolin, fish (Lake Chad)
Net migration rate -0.76 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines natural gas 1,250 km -
Political parties and leaders Awami League or AL [Sheikh HASINA]; Bangladesh Communist Party or BCP [Saifuddin Ahmed MANIK]; Bangladesh Nationalist Party or BNP [Khaleda ZIAur Rahman]; Islami Oikya Jote or IOJ [Azizol HAQ]; Jamaat-E-Islami or JI [Motiur Rahman NIZAMI]; Jatiya Party or JP [Hussain Mohammad ERSHAD] National Union for Development and Renewal or UNDR [Saleh KEBZABO]; Patriotic Salvation Movement or MPS [Mahamat Saleh AHMAT, chairman] (originally in opposition but now the party in power and the party of the president); Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Lal Mahamat CHOUA]; Union for Renewal and Democracy or URD [Gen. Wadal Abdelkader KAMOUGUE]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 131,269,860 (July 2001 est.) 8,707,078 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line 35.6% (FY95/96 est.) 64% (1995 est.)
Population growth rate 1.59% (2001 est.) 3.29% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Chittagong, Dhaka, Mongla Port, Narayanganj (2001) none
Radio broadcast stations AM 12, FM 12, shortwave 2 (1999) AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 5 (1998)
Radios 6.15 million (1997) 1.67 million (1997)
Railways total:
2,745 km

broad gauge:
923 km 1.676-m gauge

narrow gauge:
1,822 km 1.000-m gauge (2000)
0 km
Religions Muslim 83%, Hindu 16%, other 1% (1998) Muslim 50%, Christian 25%, indigenous beliefs (mostly animism) 25%
Sex ratio at birth:
1.06 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.05 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
1.19 male(s)/female

total population:
1.05 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth:
1.04 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.01 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.9 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.71 male(s)/female

total population:
0.94 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
totally inadequate for a modern country

domestic:
modernizing; introducing digital systems; trunk systems include VHF and UHF microwave radio relay links, and some fiber-optic cable in cities

international:
satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Indian Ocean); international radiotelephone communications and landline service to neighboring countries (2000)
general assessment:
primitive system

domestic:
fair system of radiotelephone communication stations

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 500,000 (2000) 7,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 283,000 (2000) NA
Television broadcast stations 15 (1999) 1 (1997)
Terrain mostly flat alluvial plain; hilly in southeast broad, arid plains in center, desert in north, mountains in northwest, lowlands in south
Total fertility rate 2.78 children born/woman (2001 est.) 6.56 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 35.2% (1996) NA%
Waterways up to 8,046 km depending on season

note:
includes 3,058 km main cargo routes
2,000 km
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