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Compare Bahrain (2002) - Nepal (2001)

Compare Bahrain (2002) z Nepal (2001)

 Bahrain (2002)Nepal (2001)
 BahrainNepal
Administrative divisions 12 municipalities (manatiq, singular - mintaqah); Al Hadd, Al Manamah, Al Mintaqah al Gharbiyah, Al Mintaqah al Wusta, Al Mintaqah ash Shamaliyah, Al Muharraq, Ar Rifa' wa al Mintaqah al Janubiyah, Jidd Hafs, Madinat Hamad, Madinat 'Isa, Juzur Hawar, Sitrah


note: all municipalities administered from Manama
14 zones (anchal, singular and plural); Bagmati, Bheri, Dhawalagiri, Gandaki, Janakpur, Karnali, Kosi, Lumbini, Mahakali, Mechi, Narayani, Rapti, Sagarmatha, Seti
Age structure 0-14 years: 29.2% (male 97,022; female 94,605)


15-64 years: 67.7% (male 261,919; female 182,727)


65 years and over: 3.1% (male 10,230; female 9,894) (2002 est.)
0-14 years:
40.35% (male 5,267,234; female 4,933,910)

15-64 years:
56.16% (male 7,264,575; female 6,934,384)

65 years and over:
3.49% (male 437,813; female 446,547) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products fruit, vegetables; poultry, dairy products; shrimp, fish rice, corn, wheat, sugarcane, root crops; milk, water buffalo meat
Airports 4 (2001) 45 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 3


over 3,047 m: 2 (2002)
total:
8

over 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
6 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)
total:
37

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
7

under 914 m:
29 (2000 est.)
Area total: 665 sq km


land: 665 sq km


water: 0 sq km
total:
140,800 sq km

land:
136,800 sq km

water:
4,000 sq km
Area - comparative 3.5 times the size of Washington, DC slightly larger than Arkansas
Background Bahrain's small size and central location among Persian Gulf countries require it to play a delicate balancing act in foreign affairs among its larger neighbors. Possessing minimal oil reserves, Bahrain has turned to petroleum processing and refining, and has transformed itself into an international banking center. The new amir, installed in 1999, has pushed economic and political reforms, and has worked to improve relations with the Shi'a community. In February 2001, Bahraini voters approved a referendum on the National Action Charter - the centerpiece of the amir's political liberalization program. In February 2002, Amir HAMAD bin Isa Al Khalifa proclaimed himself king. In local elections held in May 2002, Bahraini women were allowed to vote and run for office for the first time. In 1951, the Nepalese monarch ended the century-old system of rule by hereditary premiers and instituted a cabinet system of government. Reforms in 1990 established a multiparty democracy within the framework of a constitutional monarchy. The refugee issue of some 100,000 Bhutanese in Nepal remains unresolved; 90% of these displaced persons are housed in seven United Nations Offices of the High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) camps.
Birth rate 19.53 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) 33.4 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $1.8 billion


expenditures: $2.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $700 million (2002 est.)
revenues:
$536 million

expenditures:
$818 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY96/97 est.)
Capital Manama Kathmandu
Climate arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers varies from cool summers and severe winters in north to subtropical summers and mild winters in south
Coastline 161 km 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution adopted late December 2000; Bahrani voters approved on 13-14 February 2001 a referendum on legislative changes (revised constitution calls for a partially elected legislature, a constitutional monarchy, and an independent judiciary) 9 November 1990
Country name conventional long form: Kingdom of Bahrain


conventional short form: Bahrain


local long form: Mamlakat al Bahrayn


local short form: Al Bahrayn


former: Dilmun
conventional long form:
Kingdom of Nepal

conventional short form:
Nepal
Currency Bahraini dinar (BHD) Nepalese rupee (NPR)
Death rate 3.95 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) 10.22 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $2.8 billion (2000) $2.4 billion (1997)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Ronald E. NEUMANN


embassy: Building #979, Road 3119 (next to Al-Ahli Sports Club), Block 321, Zinj District, Manama


mailing address: American Embassy Manama, PSC 451, FPO AE 09834-5100; international mail: American Embassy, Box 26431, Manama


telephone: [973] 273-300


FAX: [973] 272-594
chief of mission:
Ambassador Ralph FRANK

embassy:
Pani Pokhari, Kathmandu

mailing address:
use embassy street address

telephone:
[977] (1) 411179, 410531

FAX:
[977] (1) 419963
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Khalifa bin Ali bin Rashid AL KHALIFA


chancery: 3502 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 342-0741


FAX: [1] (202) 362-2192


consulate(s) general: New York
chief of mission:
Ambassador Damodar Prasad GAUTAM

chancery:
2131 Leroy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 667-4550

FAX:
[1] (202) 667-5534

consulate(s) general:
New York
Disputes - international none refugee issue over the presence in Nepal of approximately 98,700 Bhutanese refugees, 90% of whom are in seven United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) camps
Economic aid - recipient $48.4 million (1995) (1995) $411 million (FY97/98)
Economy - overview In Bahrain, petroleum production and refining account for about 60% of export receipts, 60% of government revenues, and 30% of GDP. With its highly developed communication and transport facilities, Bahrain is home to numerous multinational firms with business in the Gulf. Bahrain is dependent on Saudi Arabia for oil revenue granted as aid. A large share of exports consists of petroleum products made from refining imported crude. Construction proceeds on several major industrial projects. Unemployment, especially among the young, and the depletion of oil and underground water resources are major long-term economic problems. Nepal is among the poorest and least developed countries in the world with nearly half of its population living below the poverty line. Agriculture is the mainstay of the economy, providing a livelihood for over 80% of the population and accounting for 41% of GDP. Industrial activity mainly involves the processing of agricultural produce including jute, sugarcane, tobacco, and grain. Production of textiles and carpets has expanded recently and accounted for about 80% of foreign exchange earnings in the past three years. Agricultural production is growing by about 5% on average as compared with annual population growth of 2.3%. Since May 1991, the government has been moving forward with economic reforms, particularly those that encourage trade and foreign investment, e.g., by reducing business licenses and registration requirements in order to simplify investment procedures. The government has also been cutting expenditures by reducing subsidies, privatizing state industries, and laying off civil servants. More recently, however, political instability - five different governments over the past few years - has hampered Kathmandu's ability to forge consensus to implement key economic reforms. Nepal has considerable scope for accelerating economic growth by exploiting its potential in hydropower and tourism, areas of recent foreign investment interest. Prospects for foreign trade or investment in other sectors will remain poor, however, because of the small size of the economy, its technological backwardness, its remoteness, its landlocked geographic location, and its susceptibility to natural disaster. The international community's role of funding more than 60% of Nepal's development budget and more than 28% of total budgetary expenditures will likely continue as a major ingredient of growth.
Electricity - consumption 5,361.45 million kWh (2000) 1.309 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2000) 68 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2000) 210 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 5.765 billion kWh (2000) 1.255 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
fossil fuel:
9.56%

hydro:
90.44%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m


highest point: Jabal ad Dukhan 122 m
lowest point:
Kanchan Kalan 70 m

highest point:
Mount Everest 8,850 m (1999 est.)
Environment - current issues desertification resulting from the degradation of limited arable land, periods of drought, and dust storms; coastal degradation (damage to coastlines, coral reefs, and sea vegetation) resulting from oil spills and other discharges from large tankers, oil refineries, and distribution stations; lack of freshwater resources, groundwater and seawater are the only sources for all water needs deforestation (overuse of wood for fuel and lack of alternatives); contaminated water (with human and animal wastes, agricultural runoff, and industrial effluents); wildlife conservation; vehicular emissions
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation
Ethnic groups Bahraini 63%, Asian 19%, other Arab 10%, Iranian 8% Brahman, Chetri, Newar, Gurung, Magar, Tamang, Rai, Limbu, Sherpa, Tharu, and others (1995)
Exchange rates Bahraini dinars per US dollar - 0.3760 (fixed rate pegged to the US dollar) Nepalese rupees per US dollar - 74.129 (January 2001), 71.104 (2000), 68.239 (1999), 65.976 (1998), 58.010 (1997), 56.692 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: King HAMAD bin Isa Al Khalifa (since 6 March 1999); Heir Apparent Crown Prince SALMAN bin Hamad (son of the monarch, born 21 October 1969)


head of government: Prime Minister KHALIFA bin Salman Al Khalifa (since NA 1971)


cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the monarch


elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch
chief of state:
King GYANENDRA Bir Bikram Shah (succeeded to the throne 4 June 2001 following the death of his nephew King DIPENDRA Bir Bikram Shah)

head of government:
Prime Minister Girija Prasad KOIRALA (since 22 March 2000)

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch

note:
King BIRENDRA Bir Bikram Shah Dev died in a bloody shooting at the royal palace on 1 June 2001 that also claimed the lives of most of the royal family; King BIRENDRA's son, Crown Price DIPENDRA, is believed to have been responsible for the shootings before fatally wounding himself; immediately following the shootings and while still clinging to life, DIPENDRA was crowned king; he died three days later and was succeeded by his uncle
Exports $5.5 billion (2001) $485 million (f.o.b., 1998), but does not include unrecorded border trade with India
Exports - commodities petroleum and petroleum products, aluminum, textiles carpets, clothing, leather goods, jute goods, grain
Exports - partners India 8.4%, US 3.9%, Saudi Arabia 3.4%, Japan 2.8%, South Korea 2.1% (2000) India 33%, US 26%, Germany 25% (FY97/98)
Fiscal year calendar year 16 July - 15 July
Flag description red with a white serrated band (eight white points) on the hoist side red with a blue border around the unique shape of two overlapping right triangles; the smaller, upper triangle bears a white stylized moon and the larger, lower triangle bears a white 12-pointed sun
GDP purchasing power parity - $8.4 billion (2001 est.) purchasing power parity - $33.7 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 1%


industry: 35%


services: 64% (2001 est.)
agriculture:
41%

industry:
22%

services:
37% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $13,000 (2001 est.) purchasing power parity - $1,360 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 4% (2001 est.) 3.7% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 26 00 N, 50 33 E 28 00 N, 84 00 E
Geography - note close to primary Middle Eastern petroleum sources; strategic location in Persian Gulf, which much of Western world's petroleum must transit to reach open ocean landlocked; strategic location between China and India; contains eight of world's 10 highest peaks
Heliports 1 (2002) -
Highways total: 3,164 km


paved: 2,433 km


unpaved: 731 km


note: a paved causeway links Bahrain and Saudi Arabia
total:
13,223 km

paved:
4,073 km

unpaved:
9,150 km (April 1999)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%:
3.2%

highest 10%:
29.8% (1995-96)
Illicit drugs - illicit producer of cannabis for the domestic and international drug markets; transit point for opiates from Southeast Asia to the West
Imports $4.5 billion (2001) $1.2 billion (f.o.b., 1998)
Imports - commodities crude oil, machinery, chemicals gold, machinery and equipment, petroleum products, fertilizer
Imports - partners Saudi Arabia 28.7%, US 12.5%, UK 6.6%, France 6%, Japan 4% (2000) India 31%, China/Hong Kong 16%, Singapore 14% (FY97/98)
Independence 15 August 1971 (from UK) 1768 (unified by Prithvi Narayan Shah)
Industrial production growth rate 2% (2000 est.) NA%
Industries petroleum processing and refining, aluminum smelting, offshore banking, ship repairing; tourism tourism, carpet, textile; small rice, jute, sugar, and oilseed mills; cigarette; cement and brick production
Infant mortality rate 19.18 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) 74.14 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 1.5% (2001 est.) 3.3% (FY99/00 est.)
International organization participation ABEDA, AFESD, AL, AMF, CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, GCC, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDB, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO AsDB, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MONUC, NAM, OPCW, SAARC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNMOT, UNTAET, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) 6 (2000)
Irrigated land 50 sq km (1998 est.) 8,500 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch High Civil Appeals Court Supreme Court or Sarbochha Adalat (chief justice is appointed by the monarch on recommendation of the Constitutional Council; the other judges are appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the Judicial Council)
Labor force 295,000


note: 44% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national (July 1998 est.) (1998 est.)
10 million (1996 est.)

note:
severe lack of skilled labor
Labor force - by occupation industry, commerce, and service 79%, government 20%, agriculture 1% (1997 est.) agriculture 81%, services 16%, industry 3%
Land boundaries 0 km total:
2,926 km

border countries:
China 1,236 km, India 1,690 km
Land use arable land: 4.35%


permanent crops: 4.35%


other: 91.3% (1998 est.)
arable land:
17%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
15%

forests and woodland:
42%

other:
26% (1993 est.)
Languages Arabic, English, Farsi, Urdu Nepali (official; spoken by 90% of the population), about a dozen other languages and about 30 major dialects; note - many in government and business also speak English (1995)
Legal system based on Islamic law and English common law based on Hindu legal concepts and English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch bicameral Parliament consists of Shura Council (40 members appointed by the King) and House of Deputies (40 members elected by restricted vote to serve four-year terms)


elections: House of Deputies - last held 31 October 2002 (next election to be held NA 2006)


election results: House of Deputies - percent of vote - NA%; seats by party - independents 21, Sunni Islamists 9, other 10


note: first elections since 7 December 1973; unicameral National Assembly dissolved 26 August 1975; National Action Charter created bicameral legislature on 23 December 2000; approved by referendum 14 February 2001; first legislative session of Parliament held on 25 December 2002
bicameral Parliament consists of the National Council (60 seats; 35 appointed by the House of Representatives, 10 by the king, and 15 elected by an electoral college; one-third of the members elected every two years to serve six-year terms) and the House of Representatives (205 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:
House of Representatives - last held 3 and 17 May 1999 (next to be held NA May 2004)

election results:
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NC 37.3%, CPN/UML 31.6%, NDP 10.4%, NSP 3.2%, Rastriya Jana Morcha 1.4%, Samyukta Janmorcha Nepal 0.8%, NWPP 0.5%, others 14.8%; seats by party - NC 113, CPN/UML 69, NDP 11, NSP 5, Rastriya Jana Morcha 5, Samyukta Janmorcha Nepal 1, NWPP 1
Life expectancy at birth total population: 73.47 years


male: 71.05 years


female: 75.96 years (2002 est.)
total population:
58.22 years

male:
58.65 years

female:
57.77 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 88.5%


male: 91.6%


female: 84.2% (2002 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
27.5%

male:
40.9%

female:
14% (1995 est.)
Location Middle East, archipelago in the Persian Gulf, east of Saudi Arabia Southern Asia, between China and India
Map references Middle East Asia
Maritime claims contiguous zone: 24 NM


continental shelf: extending to boundaries to be determined


territorial sea: 12 NM
none (landlocked)
Merchant marine total: 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 270,784 GRT/384,561 DWT


ships by type: bulk 2, cargo 4, container 2, includes a foreign-owned ship registered here as a flag of convenience: Kuwait 1 (2002 est.)
-
Military branches Bahrain Defense Forces (BDF) comprising Ground Force (includes Air Defense), Navy, Air Force, Coast Guard, Police Force, Amiri Guards, National Guard Royal Nepalese Army (includes Royal Nepalese Army Air Service), Nepalese Police Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure $526.2 million (FY01) $44 million (FY96/97)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 6.7% (FY01) 0.9% (FY96/97)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 222,572 (2002 est.) males age 15-49:
6,295,990 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 121,955 (2002 est.) males age 15-49:
3,272,077 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age 15 years of age (2002 est.) 17 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males: 5,926 (2002 est.) males:
292,589 (2001 est.)
National holiday National Day, 16 December (1971); note - 15 August 1971 is the date of independence from the UK, 16 December 1971 is the date of independence from British protection Birthday of King GYANENDRA, 7 July (1946)
Nationality noun: Bahraini(s)


adjective: Bahraini
noun:
Nepalese (singular and plural)

adjective:
Nepalese
Natural hazards periodic droughts; dust storms severe thunderstorms, flooding, landslides, drought, and famine depending on the timing, intensity, and duration of the summer monsoons
Natural resources oil, associated and nonassociated natural gas, fish, pearls quartz, water, timber, hydropower, scenic beauty, small deposits of lignite, copper, cobalt, iron ore
Net migration rate 1.09 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines crude oil 56 km; petroleum products 16 km; natural gas 32 km -
Political parties and leaders political parties prohibited but politically oriented nongovernment organizations are allowed Communist Party of Nepal/United Marxist-Leninist or CPN/UML [Madhav Kumar NEPAL, general secretary]; National Democratic Party or NDP (also called Rastriya Prajantra Party or RPP) [Surya Bahadur THAPA, chairman]; Nepal Sadbhavana (Goodwill) Party or NSP [Gajendra Narayan SINGH, president]; Nepal Workers and Peasants Party or NWPP [Narayan Man BIJUKCHHE, party chair]; Nepali Congress or NC [Girija Prasad KOIRALA, party president, Sushil KOIRALA, general secretary]; Rastriya Jana Morcha [Chitra Bahadur K. C., chairman]; Samyukta Janmorcha Nepal [Lila Mani POKHAREL, general secretary]
Political pressure groups and leaders Shi'a activists fomented unrest sporadically in 1994-97, demanding the return of an elected National Assembly and an end to unemployment; several small, clandestine leftist and Islamic fundamentalist groups are active Maoist guerrilla-based insurgency; numerous small, left-leaning student groups in the capital; several small, radical Nepalese antimonarchist groups
Population 656,397


note: includes 228,424 non-nationals (July 2002 est.)
25,284,463 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% 42% (FY95/96 est.)
Population growth rate 1.67% (2002 est.) 2.32% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Manama, Mina' Salman, Sitrah none
Radio broadcast stations AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 6, FM 5, shortwave 1 (January 2000)
Radios 338,000 (1997) 840,000 (1997)
Railways 0 km total:
59 km; note - all in Kosi close to Indian border

narrow gauge:
59 km 0.762-m gauge (2000)
Religions Shi'a Muslim 70%, Sunni Muslim 30% Hinduism 86.2%, Buddhism 7.8%, Islam 3.8%, other 2.2%

note:
only official Hindu state in the world (1995)
Sex ratio at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.43 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 1.03 male(s)/female


total population: 1.29 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.07 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.05 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.98 male(s)/female

total population:
1.05 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: modern system


domestic: modern fiber-optic integrated services; digital network with rapidly growing use of mobile cellular telephones


international: tropospheric scatter to Qatar and UAE; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia; submarine cable to Qatar, UAE, and Saudi Arabia; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat (1997)
general assessment:
poor telephone and telegraph service; fair radiotelephone communication service and mobile cellular telephone network

domestic:
NA

international:
radiotelephone communications; microwave landline to India; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 152,000 (1997) 236,816 (January 2000)
Telephones - mobile cellular 58,543 (1997) NA
Television broadcast stations 4 (1997) 1 (plus 9 repeaters) (1998)
Terrain mostly low desert plain rising gently to low central escarpment Terai or flat river plain of the Ganges in south, central hill region, rugged Himalayas in north
Total fertility rate 2.75 children born/woman (2002 est.) 4.58 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 15% (1998 est.) NA%; substantial underemployment (1999)
Waterways none none
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