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Compare Austria (2001) - Kiribati (2003)

Compare Austria (2001) z Kiribati (2003)

 Austria (2001)Kiribati (2003)
 AustriaKiribati
Administrative divisions 9 states (bundeslaender, singular - bundesland); Burgenland, Kaernten, Niederoesterreich, Oberoesterreich, Salzburg, Steiermark, Tirol, Vorarlberg, Wien 3 units; Gilbert Islands, Line Islands, Phoenix Islands; note - in addition, there are 6 districts (Banaba, Central Gilberts, Line Islands, Northern Gilberts, Southern Gilberts, Tarawa) and 21 island councils - one for each of the inhabited islands (Abaiang, Abemama, Aranuka, Arorae, Banaba, Beru, Butaritari, Kanton, Kiritimati, Kuria, Maiana, Makin, Marakei, Nikunau, Nonouti, Onotoa, Tabiteuea, Tabuaeran, Tamana, Tarawa, Teraina)
Age structure 0-14 years:
16.57% (male 691,925; female 658,375)

15-64 years:
68.05% (male 2,802,019; female 2,744,536)

65 years and over:
15.38% (male 478,498; female 775,482) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 39.7% (male 19,839; female 19,333)


15-64 years: 57% (male 27,705; female 28,438)


65 years and over: 3.3% (male 1,385; female 1,849) (2003 est.)
Agriculture - products grains, potatoes, sugar beets, wine, fruit; dairy products, cattle, pigs, poultry; lumber copra, taro, breadfruit, sweet potatoes, vegetables; fish
Airports 55 (2000 est.) 20 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways total:
24

over 3,047 m:
1

2,438 to 3,047 m:
5

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
3

under 914 m:
14 (2000 est.)
total: 4


1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
31

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
3

under 914 m:
27 (2000 est.)
total: 16


914 to 1,523 m: 12


under 914 m: 4 (2002)
Area total:
83,858 sq km

land:
82,738 sq km

water:
1,120 sq km
total: 811 sq km


land: 811 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes three island groups - Gilbert Islands, Line Islands, Phoenix Islands
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Maine four times the size of Washington, DC
Background Once the center of power for the large Austro-Hungarian Empire, Austria was reduced to a small republic after its defeat in World War I. Following annexation by Nazi Germany in 1938 and subsequent occupation by the victorious Allies, Austria's 1955 State Treaty declared the country "permanently neutral" as a condition of Soviet military withdrawal. Neutrality, once ingrained as part of the Austrian cultural identity, has been called into question since the Soviet collapse of 1991 and Austria's increasingly prominent role in European affairs. A prosperous country, Austria joined the European Union in 1995 and the euro monetary system in 1999. The Gilbert Islands were granted self-rule by the UK in 1971 and complete independence in 1979 under the new name of Kiribati. The US relinquished all claims to the sparsely inhabited Phoenix and Line Island groups in a 1979 treaty of friendship with Kiribati.
Birth rate 9.74 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 31.24 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Budget revenues:
$56.3 billion

expenditures:
$60.5 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
revenues: $28.4 million


expenditures: $37.2 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
Capital Vienna Tarawa
Climate temperate; continental, cloudy; cold winters with frequent rain in lowlands and snow in mountains; cool summers with occasional showers tropical; marine, hot and humid, moderated by trade winds
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 1,143 km
Constitution 1920; revised 1929 (reinstated 1 May 1945) 12 July 1979
Country name conventional long form:
Republic of Austria

conventional short form:
Austria

local long form:
Republik Oesterreich

local short form:
Oesterreich
conventional long form: Republic of Kiribati


conventional short form: Kiribati


note: pronounced keer-ree-bahss


former: Gilbert Islands
Currency Austrian schilling (ATS); euro (EUR)

note:
on 1 January 1999, the EU introduced the euro as a common currency that is now being used by financial institutions in Austria at a fixed rate of 13.7603 Austrian shillings per euro and will replace the local currency for all transactions in 2002
Australian dollar (AUD)
Death rate 9.8 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 8.63 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Debt - external $16 billion (1999) $10 million (1999 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Kathryn Walt HALL

embassy:
Boltzmanngasse 16, A-1091, Vienna

mailing address:
use embassy street address

telephone:
[43] (1) 313-39-2060

FAX:
[43] (1) 313-39-2057
the US does not have an embassy in Kiribati; the ambassador to the Marshall Islands is accredited to Kiribati
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Peter MOSER

chancery:
3524 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008-3035

telephone:
[1] (202) 895-6700

FAX:
[1] (202) 895-6750

consulate(s) general:
Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York
Kiribati does not have an embassy in the US; there is an honorary consulate in Honolulu
Disputes - international minor disputes with Czech Republic and Slovenia over nuclear power plants and post-World War II treatment of German-speaking minorities none
Economic aid - donor ODA, $472 million (1999) -
Economic aid - recipient - $15.5 million largely from UK and Japan (1995)
Economy - overview Austria with its well-developed market economy and high standard of living is closely tied to other EU economies, especially Germany's. Membership in the EU has drawn an influx of foreign investors attracted by Austria's access to the single European market and proximity to EU aspirant economies. In 2000, Austria moved to further cut government spending and raise taxes to meet EMU deficit targets after facing unexpected difficulties in reducing the public deficit. To meet increased competition from both EU and Central European countries, Austria will need to emphasize knowledge-based sectors of the economy and continue to deregulate the service sector. Growth is expected to remain at about 3% in 2001. A remote country of 33 scattered coral atolls, Kiribati has few natural resources. Commercially viable phosphate deposits were exhausted at the time of independence from the UK in 1979. Copra and fish now represent the bulk of production and exports. The economy has fluctuated widely in recent years. Economic development is constrained by a shortage of skilled workers, weak infrastructure, and remoteness from international markets. Tourism provides more than one-fifth of GDP. The financial sector is at an early stage of development as is the expansion of private sector initiatives. Foreign financial aid from UK, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and China is a critical supplement to GDP, equal to 25%-50% of GDP in recent years. Remittances from workers abroad account for more than $5 million each year.
Electricity - consumption 53.231 billion kWh (1999) 6.51 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports 13.507 billion kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports 11.605 billion kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production 59.283 billion kWh (1999) 7 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
29.53%

hydro:
67.65%

nuclear:
0%

other:
2.82% (1999)
fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2001)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Neusiedler See 115 m

highest point:
Grossglockner 3,798 m
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location on Banaba 81 m
Environment - current issues some forest degradation caused by air and soil pollution; soil pollution results from the use of agricultural chemicals; air pollution results from emissions by coal- and oil-fired power stations and industrial plants and from trucks transiting Austria between northern and southern Europe heavy pollution in lagoon of south Tarawa atoll due to heavy migration mixed with traditional practices such as lagoon latrines and open-pit dumping; ground water at risk
Environment - international agreements party to:
Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified:
Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups German 98%, Croatian, Slovene, other (includes Hungarians, Czechs, Slovaks, Roma) predominantly Micronesian with some Polynesian
Exchange rates euros per US dollar - 1.0659 (January 2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); Austrian schillings per US dollar - 11.86 (January 1999), 12.91 (1999), 12.379 (1998), 12.204 (1997), 10.587 (1996) Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.84 (2002), 1.93 (2001), 1.72 (2000), 1.55 (1999), 1.59 (1998)
Executive branch chief of state:
President Thomas KLESTIL (since 8 July 1992)

head of government:
Chancellor Wolfgang SCHUESSEL (OeVP)(since 4 February 2000); Vice Chancellor Susanne RIESS-PASSER (FPOe) (since 4 February 2000)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers chosen by the president on the advice of the chancellor

elections:
president elected by direct popular vote for a six-year term; presidential election last held 19 April 1998 (next to be held in the spring of 2004); chancellor traditionally chosen by the president from the plurality party in the National Council; in the case of the current coalition, the chancellor was chosen from another party after the plurality party failed to form a government; vice chancellor chosen by the president on the advice of the chancellor

election results:
Thomas KLESTIL reelected president; percent of vote - Thomas KLESTIL 63%, Gertraud KNOLL 14%, Heide SCHMIDT 11%, Richard LUGNER 10%, Karl NOWAK 2%

note:
government coalition - OeVP and FPOe
chief of state: President Anote TONG (since 10 July 2003); Vice President NA; note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President Anote TONG (since 10 July 2003); Vice President NA; note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: 12-member Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of the House of Parliament


elections: the House of Parliament chooses the presidential candidates from among their members and then those candidates compete in a general election; president is elected by popular vote for a four-year term; election last held 4 July 2003 (next to be held not later than July 2007); vice president appointed by the president


election results: Anote TONG 47.4%, Harry TONG 43.5%, Banuera BERINA 9.1%
Exports $63.2 billion (2000 est.) NA (2001)
Exports - commodities machinery and equipment, paper and paperboard, metal goods, chemicals, iron and steel; textiles, foodstuffs copra 62%, coconuts, seaweed, fish
Exports - partners EU 64.2% (Germany 35.7%, Italy 8.7%, France 4.5%), Switzerland 5.9%, US 4.5%, Hungary 3.9% (1999) Japan 56.7%, Thailand 16.6%, South Korea 16.3% (2002)
Fiscal year calendar year NA
Flag description three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and red the upper half is red with a yellow frigate bird flying over a yellow rising sun, and the lower half is blue with three horizontal wavy white stripes to represent the ocean
GDP purchasing power parity - $203 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $79 million - supplemented by a nearly equal amount from external sources (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
2.2%

industry:
30.4%

services:
67.4% (1999 est.)
agriculture: 30%


industry: 7%


services: 63% (1998 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $25,000 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $800 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 3.1% (2000 est.) 1.5% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates 47 20 N, 13 20 E 1 25 N, 173 00 E
Geography - note landlocked; strategic location at the crossroads of central Europe with many easily traversable Alpine passes and valleys; major river is the Danube; population is concentrated on eastern lowlands because of steep slopes, poor soils, and low temperatures elsewhere 21 of the 33 islands are inhabited; Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Makatea in French Polynesia, and Nauru
Heliports 1 (2000 est.) -
Highways total:
133,361 km

paved:
133,361 km (including 1,613 km of expressways)

unpaved:
0 km (1998)
total: 670 km


paved: NA km


unpaved: NA km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and South American cocaine destined for Western Europe -
Imports $65.6 billion (2000 est.) NA (2001)
Imports - commodities machinery and equipment, chemicals, metal goods, oil and oil products; foodstuffs foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, miscellaneous manufactured goods, fuel
Imports - partners EU 70.3% (Germany 42.5%, Italy 7.9%, France 5.3%), US 5.4%, Switzerland 3.0%, Hungary 2.8% (1999) France 28.7%, Australia 26.3%, Fiji 12.5%, Japan 9.5%, Latvia 5.4%, US 4.6%, New Zealand 4% (2002)
Independence 1156 (from Bavaria) 12 July 1979 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate 4.2% (2000) 0.7% (1991 est.)
Industries construction, machinery, vehicles and parts, food, chemicals, lumber and wood processing, paper and paperboard, communications equipment, tourism fishing, handicrafts
Infant mortality rate 4.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: 51.26 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 56.45 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 45.82 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2% (2000 est.) 2.5% (2001 est.)
International organization participation AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CCC, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, NAM (guest), NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOT, UNOMIG, UNTAET, UNTSO, UPU, WCL, WEU (observer), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, ITU, OPCW, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WTrO (applicant)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 37 (2000) 1 (2000)
Irrigated land 457 sq km (1995 est.) NA sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Judicial Court or Oberster Gerichtshof; Administrative Court or Verwaltungsgerichtshof; Constitutional Court or Verfassungsgerichtshof Court of Appeal; High Court; 26 Magistrates' courts; judges at all levels are appointed by the president
Labor force 3.7 million (1999) 7,870 economically active, not including subsistence farmers
Labor force - by occupation services 68%, industry and crafts 29%, agriculture and forestry 3% (1999 est.) -
Land boundaries total:
2,562 km

border countries:
Czech Republic 362 km, Germany 784 km, Hungary 366 km, Italy 430 km, Liechtenstein 35 km, Slovakia 91 km, Slovenia 330 km, Switzerland 164 km
0 km
Land use arable land:
17%

permanent crops:
1%

permanent pastures:
23%

forests and woodland:
39%

other:
20% (1996 est.)
arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 50.68%


other: 49.32% (1998 est.)
Languages German I-Kiribati, English (official)
Legal system civil law system with Roman law origin; judicial review of legislative acts by the Constitutional Court; separate administrative and civil/penal supreme courts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction NA
Legislative branch bicameral Federal Assembly or Bundesversammlung consists of Federal Council or Bundesrat (64 members; members represent each of the states on the basis of population, but with each state having at least three representatives; members serve a four- or six-year term) and the National Council or Nationalrat (183 seats; members elected by direct popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections:
National Council - last held 3 October 1999 (next to be held in the fall of 2003)

election results:
National Council - percent of vote by party - SPOe 33.2%, OeVP 26.9%, FPOe 26.9%, Greens 7.4%; seats by party - SPOe 65, OeVP 52, FPOe 52, Greens 14
unicameral House of Parliament or Maneaba Ni Maungatabu (42 seats; 39 elected by popular vote, one ex officio member - the attorney general, one appointed to represent Banaba, and one other; members serve four-year terms)


elections: first round elections last held 29 November 2002; second round elections held 6 December 2002 (next to be held by November 2006)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - BTK 17, MTM 16, independents 7, other 2 (includes attorney general)


note: new legislative elections were held in two rounds - the first round on 9 May 2003 and the second round on 14 May 2003
Life expectancy at birth total population:
77.84 years

male:
74.68 years

female:
81.15 years (2001 est.)
total population: 60.93 years


male: 57.97 years


female: 64.03 years (2003 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
98%

male:
NA%

female:
NA%
definition: NA


total population: NA%


male: NA%


female: NA%
Location Central Europe, north of Italy and Slovenia Oceania, group of 33 coral atolls in the Pacific Ocean, straddling the equator; the capital Tarawa is about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Australia; note - on 1 January 1995, Kiribati proclaimed that all of its territory lies in the same time zone as its Gilbert Islands group (GMT +12) even though the Phoenix Islands and the Line Islands under its jurisdiction lie on the other side of the International Date Line
Map references Europe Oceania
Maritime claims none (landlocked) exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine total:
23 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 86,905 GRT/117,417 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 1, cargo 18, combination bulk 2, container 2 (2000 est.)
total: 1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) 1,291 GRT/1,295 DWT


ships by type: passenger/cargo 1 (2002 est.)
Military - note - Kiribati does not have military forces; defense assistance is provided by Australia and NZ
Military branches Army (includes Flying Division) no regular military forces; Police Force (carries out law enforcement functions and paramilitary duties; small police posts are on all islands)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $1.7 billion (FY98) $NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1.2% (FY98) NA%
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
2,091,263 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
1,731,383 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - military age 19 years of age -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
50,580 (2001 est.)
-
National holiday National Day, 26 October (1955); note - commemorates the passage of the law on permanent neutrality Independence Day, 12 July (1979)
Nationality noun:
Austrian(s)

adjective:
Austrian
noun: I-Kiribati (singular and plural)


adjective: I-Kiribati
Natural hazards NA typhoons can occur any time, but usually November to March; occasional tornadoes; low level of some of the islands make them very sensitive to changes in sea level
Natural resources iron ore, oil, timber, magnesite, lead, coal, lignite, copper, hydropower phosphate (production discontinued in 1979)
Net migration rate 2.45 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Pipelines crude oil 777 km; natural gas 840 km (1999) -
Political parties and leaders Austrian People's Party or OeVP [Wolfgang SCHUESSEL]; Freedom Party of Austria or FPOe [Susanne RIESS-PASSER]; Social Democratic Party of Austria or SPOe [Alfred GUSENBAUER]; The Greens Alternative or GA [Alexander VAN DER BELLEN] Boutokaan Te Koaua Party or BTK [Taberannang TIMEON]; Maneaban Te Mauri Party or MTM [Teburoro TITO]; Maurin Kiribati Pati or MKP [leader NA]; National Progressive Party or NPP [Dr. Harry TONG]


note: there is no tradition of formally organized political parties in Kiribati; they more closely resemble factions or interest groups because they have no party headquarters, formal platforms, or party structures
Political pressure groups and leaders Austrian Trade Union Federation (primarily Socialist) or OeGB; Federal Economic Chamber; OeVP-oriented League of Austrian Industrialists or VOeI; Roman Catholic Church, including its chief lay organization, Catholic Action; three composite leagues of the Austrian People's Party or OeVP representing business, labor, and farmers NA
Population 8,150,835 (July 2001 est.) 98,549 (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA%
Population growth rate 0.24% (2001 est.) 2.26% (2003 est.)
Ports and harbors Linz, Vienna, Enns, Krems Banaba, Betio, English Harbour, Kanton
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 61 (plus several hundred repeaters), shortwave 1 (1998) AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 1


note: the shortwave station may be inactive (2002)
Radios 6.08 million (1997) -
Railways total:
6,095.2 km (3,643.3 km electrified)

standard gauge:
5,564.2 km 1.435-m gauge (3,521.2 km electrified)

narrow gauge:
497.1 km (33.9 km 1.000-m gauge - 28.1 km electrified, 497.1 km 0.760-m gauge - 94 km electrified) (2001)
0 km
Religions Roman Catholic 78%, Protestant 5%, Muslim and other 17% Roman Catholic 52%, Protestant (Congregational) 40%, some Seventh-Day Adventist, Muslim, Baha'i, Latter-day Saints, and Church of God (1999)
Sex ratio at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.02 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.62 male(s)/female

total population:
0.95 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female


total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Suffrage 19 years of age; universal; compulsory for presidential elections 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
highly developed and efficient

domestic:
there are 48 main lines for every 100 persons and the system is nearly 100% digital; the fiber optic net is very extensive; all telephone applications and Internet services are available

international:
satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 2 Eutelsat (1999)
general assessment: NA


domestic: NA


international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)


note: Kiribati is being linked to the Pacific Ocean Cooperative Telecommunications Network, which should improve telephone service
Telephones - main lines in use 4 million (3,600,000 analog main lines plus 400,000 ISDN or Integrated Services Digital Network connections) (1999) 3,800 (1999)
Telephones - mobile cellular 4.5 million (2000) NA
Television broadcast stations 45 (plus 960 repeaters) (1995) 1 (not reported to be active) (2002)
Terrain in the west and south mostly mountains (Alps); along the eastern and northern margins mostly flat or gently sloping mostly low-lying coral atolls surrounded by extensive reefs
Total fertility rate 1.39 children born/woman (2001 est.) 4.28 children born/woman (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate 5.4% (2000 est.) 2%; underemployment 70% (1992 est.)
Waterways 358 km (1999) 5 km (small network of canals in Line Islands)
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