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Compare Aruba (2001) - Svalbard (2008)

Compare Aruba (2001) z Svalbard (2008)

 Aruba (2001)Svalbard (2008)
 ArubaSvalbard
Administrative divisions none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) -
Age structure 0-14 years:
21.29% (male 7,709; female 7,193)

15-64 years:
68.52% (male 23,111; female 24,859)

65 years and over:
10.19% (male 2,954; female 4,181) (2001 est.)		 0-14 years: NA


15-64 years: NA


65 years and over: NA
Agriculture - products aloes; livestock; fish -
Airports 1 (2000 est.) 4 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways total:
1

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1 (2000 est.)		 total: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total: 3


under 914 m: 3 (2007)
Area total:
193 sq km

land:
193 sq km

water:
0 sq km		 total: 61,020 sq km


land: 61,020 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes Spitsbergen and Bjornoya (Bear Island)
Area - comparative slightly larger than Washington, DC slightly smaller than West Virginia
Background Discovered and claimed for Spain in 1499, Aruba was acquired by the Dutch in 1636. The island's economy has been dominated by three main industries. A 19th century gold rush was followed by prosperity brought on by the opening in 1924 of an oil refinery. The last decades of the 20th century saw a boom in the tourism industry. Aruba seceded from the Netherlands Antilles in 1986 and became a separate, autonomous member of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Movement toward full independence was halted at Aruba's request in 1990. First discovered by the Norwegians in the 12th century, the islands served as an international whaling base during the 17th and 18th centuries. Norway's sovereignty was recognized in 1920; five years later it officially took over the territory.
Birth rate 12.64 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) NA
Budget revenues:
$NA

expenditures:
$541 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)		 revenues: $25.07 million


expenditures: $NA (2004 est.)
Capital Oranjestad name: Longyearbyen


geographic coordinates: 78 13 N, 15 33 E


time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)


daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Climate tropical marine; little seasonal temperature variation arctic, tempered by warm North Atlantic Current; cool summers, cold winters; North Atlantic Current flows along west and north coasts of Spitsbergen, keeping water open and navigable most of the year
Coastline 68.5 km 3,587 km
Constitution 1 January 1986 -
Country name conventional long form:
none

conventional short form:
Aruba		 conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Svalbard (sometimes referred to as Spitzbergen)
Currency Aruban guilder/florin (AWG) -
Death rate 6.21 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) NA
Debt - external $285 million (1996) -
Dependency status part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands; full autonomy in internal affairs obtained in 1986 upon separation from the Netherlands Antilles; Dutch Government responsible for defense and foreign affairs territory of Norway; administered by the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice, through a governor (sysselmann) residing in Longyearbyen, Spitsbergen; by treaty (9 February 1920) sovereignty was awarded to Norway
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Consul General Barbara J. STEPHENSON

embassy:
J. B. Gorsiraweg #1, Curacao

mailing address:
P. O. Box 158, Willemstad, Curacao

telephone:
[599] (9) 461-3066

FAX:
[599] (9) 461-6489		 -
Diplomatic representation in the US none (represented by the Kingdom of the Netherlands) -
Disputes - international none despite recent discussions, Russia and Norway dispute their maritime limits in the Barents Sea and Russia's fishing rights beyond Svalbard's territorial limits within the Svalbard Treaty zone
Economic aid - recipient $26 million (1995); note - the Netherlands provided a $127 million aid package to Aruba and Suriname in 1996 $8.2 million from Norway (1998)
Economy - overview Tourism is the mainstay of the Aruban economy, although offshore banking and oil refining and storage are also important. The rapid growth of the tourism sector over the last decade has resulted in a substantial expansion of other activities. Construction has boomed, with hotel capacity five times the 1985 level. In addition, the reopening of the country's oil refinery in 1993, a major source of employment and foreign exchange earnings, has further spurred growth. Aruba's small labor force and less than 1% unemployment rate have led to a large number of unfilled job vacancies, despite sharp rises in wage rates in recent years. Coal mining is the major economic activity on Svalbard. The treaty of 9 February 1920 gave the 41 signatories equal rights to exploit mineral deposits, subject to Norwegian regulation. Although US, UK, Dutch, and Swedish coal companies have mined in the past, the only companies still mining are Norwegian and Russian. The settlements on Svalbard are essentially company towns. The Norwegian state-owned coal company employs nearly 60% of the Norwegian population on the island, runs many of the local services, and provides most of the local infrastructure. There is also some hunting of seal, reindeer, and fox.
Electricity - consumption 418.5 million kWh (1999) -
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) -
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) -
Electricity - production 450 million kWh (1999) -
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)		 -
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Caribbean Sea 0 m

highest point:
Mount Jamanota 188 m		 lowest point: Arctic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Newtontoppen 1,717 m
Environment - current issues NA NA
Ethnic groups mixed white/Caribbean Amerindian 80% Norwegian 55.4%, Russian and Ukrainian 44.3%, other 0.3% (1998)
Exchange rates Aruban guilders/florins per US dollar - 1.7900 (fixed rate since 1986) Norwegian kroner per US dollar - 5.8396 (2007), 6.4117 (2006), 6.4425 (2005), 6.7408 (2004), 7.0802 (2003)
Executive branch chief of state:
Queen BEATRIX Wilhelmina Armgard of the Netherlands (since 30 April 1980), represented by Governor General Olindo KOOLMAN (since 1 January 1992)

head of government:
Prime Minister Jan (Henny) H. EMAN (since 29 July 1994) and Deputy Prime Minister Lili BEKE-MARTINEZ

cabinet:
Council of Ministers (elected by the Staten)

elections:
the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed for a six-year term by the monarch; prime minister and deputy prime minister elected by the Staten for four-year terms; election last held 12 July 1997 (next to be held by December 2001)

election results:
Jan (Henny) H. EMAN elected prime minister; percent of legislative vote - NA%; Lili BEKE-MARTINEZ elected deputy prime minister; percent of legislative vote - NA%		 chief of state: King HARALD V of Norway (since 17 January 1991)


head of government: Governor Per SEFLAND (since 1 October 2005); Assistant Governor Rune Baard HANSEN (since 2003)


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor and assistant governor responsible to the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice
Exports $2.2 billion (including oil reexports) (2000 est.) $197.6 million (2004)
Exports - commodities live animals and animal products, art and collectibles, machinery and electrical equipment, transport equipment -
Exports - partners US 42%, Colombia 20%, Netherlands 12% (1999) -
Fiscal year calendar year -
Flag description blue, with two narrow, horizontal, yellow stripes across the lower portion and a red, four-pointed star outlined in white in the upper hoist-side corner the flag of Norway is used
GDP purchasing power parity - $2 billion (2000 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
NA%

industry:
NA%

services:
NA%		 -
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $28,000 (2000 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 3.5% (2000 est.) NA%
Geographic coordinates 12 30 N, 69 58 W 78 00 N, 20 00 E
Geography - note - northernmost part of the Kingdom of Norway; consists of nine main islands; glaciers and snowfields cover 60% of the total area; Spitsbergen Island is the site of the Svalbard Global Seed Vault, a seed repository established by the Global Crop Diversity Trust and the Norwegian Government
Heliports - 1 (2007)
Highways total:
800 km

paved:
513 km

unpaved:
287 km

note:
most coastal roads are paved, while unpaved roads serve large tracts of the interior (1995)		 -
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%		 -
Illicit drugs drug-money-laundering center and transit point for narcotics bound for the US and Europe -
Imports $2.5 billion (2000 est.) $NA
Imports - commodities machinery and electrical equipment, crude oil for refining and reexport, chemicals; foodstuffs -
Imports - partners US 63%, Netherlands 11%, Netherlands Antilles 3%, Japan (1999) -
Independence none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) none (territory of Norway)
Industrial production growth rate NA% -
Industries tourism, transshipment facilities, oil refining -
Infant mortality rate 6.39 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: NA


male: NA


female: NA
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 4.2% (2000 est.) -
International organization participation Caricom (observer), ECLAC (associate), Interpol, IOC, UNESCO (associate), WCL, WToO (associate) none
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) NA -
Irrigated land 0.01 sq km NA
Judicial branch Joint High Court of Justice (judges are appointed by the monarch) -
Labor force 41,501 (1997 est.) NA
Labor force - by occupation most employment is in wholesale and retail trade and repair, followed by hotels and restaurants; oil refining -
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land:
7% (including aloe 0.01%)

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
93% (1993 est.)		 arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (no trees; the only bushes are crowberry and cloudberry) (2005)
Languages Dutch (official), Papiamento (a Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, English dialect), English (widely spoken), Spanish Norwegian, Russian
Legal system based on Dutch civil law system, with some English common law influence the laws of Norway, where applicable, apply
Legislative branch unicameral Legislature or Staten (21 seats; members elected by direct, popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held 12 December 1997 (next to be held by NA December 2001)

election results:
percent of vote by party - AVP 43%, MEP 39%, OLA 9% PPA 4%, ADN 2%, PARA 1%, MAS 0.5%; seats by party - AVP 10, MEP 9, OLA 2		 -
Life expectancy at birth total population:
78.52 years

male:
75.16 years

female:
82.04 years (2001 est.)		 total population: NA


male: NA


female: NA
Literacy definition:
NA

total population:
97%

male:
NA%

female:
NA%		 NA
Location Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, north of Venezuela Northern Europe, islands between the Arctic Ocean, Barents Sea, Greenland Sea, and Norwegian Sea, north of Norway
Map references Central America and the Caribbean Arctic Region
Maritime claims territorial sea:
12 NM		 territorial sea: 4 nm


exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm unilaterally claimed by Norway but not recognized by Russia
Merchant marine total:
1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,120 GRT/3,635 DWT

ships by type:
cargo 1 (2000 est.)		 -
Military - note defense is the responsibility of the Kingdom of the Netherlands demilitarized by treaty on 9 February 1920
Military branches Royal Dutch Navy and Marines, Coast Guard -
National holiday Flag Day, 18 March -
Nationality noun:
Aruban(s)

adjective:
Aruban; Dutch		 -
Natural hazards lies outside the Caribbean hurricane belt ice floes often block the entrance to Bellsund (a transit point for coal export) on the west coast and occasionally make parts of the northeastern coast inaccessible to maritime traffic
Natural resources NEGL; white sandy beaches coal, iron ore, copper, zinc, phosphate, wildlife, fish
Net migration rate NEGL NA
Political parties and leaders Aruba Solidarity Movement or MAS [leader NA]; Aruban Democratic Party or PDA [Leo BERLINSKI]; Aruban Liberal Party or OLA [Glenbert CROES]; Aruban Patriotic Party or PPA [Benny NISBET]; Aruban People's Party or AVP [Tico CROES]; Electoral Movement Party or MEP [Nelson ODUBER]; For a Restructured Aruba Now or PARA [leader NA]; National Democratic Action or ADN [Pedro Charro KELLY] -
Political pressure groups and leaders NA -
Population 70,007 (July 2001 est.) 2,214 (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% -
Population growth rate 0.64% (2001 est.) -0.007% (2007 est.)
Ports and harbors Barcadera, Oranjestad, Sint Nicolaas -
Radio broadcast stations AM 4, FM 6, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 1, FM 1 (plus 2 repeaters), shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios 50,000 (1997) -
Railways 0 km -
Religions Roman Catholic 82%, Protestant 8%, Hindu, Muslim, Confucian, Jewish -
Sex ratio at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.07 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.93 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.71 male(s)/female

total population:
0.93 male(s)/female (2001 est.)		 NA (2007 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal -
Telephone system general assessment:
NA

domestic:
more than adequate

international:
1 submarine cable to Sint Maarten (Netherlands Antilles); extensive interisland microwave radio relay links		 general assessment: probably adequate


domestic: local telephone service


international: country code - 47-790; satellite earth station - 1 of unknown type (for communication with Norwegian mainland only)
Telephones - main lines in use 33,000 (1997) NA
Telephones - mobile cellular 3,402 (1997) -
Television broadcast stations 1 (1997) NA
Terrain flat with a few hills; scant vegetation wild, rugged mountains; much of high land ice covered; west coast clear of ice about one-half of the year; fjords along west and north coasts
Total fertility rate 1.8 children born/woman (2001 est.) NA
Unemployment rate 0.6% (1999 est.) -
Waterways none -
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