Compare Andorra (2008) - Brunei (2005)

Compare Andorra (2008) z Brunei (2005)

	Andorra (2008)	Brunei (2005)

Administrative divisions	7 parishes (parroquies, singular - parroquia); Andorra la Vella, Canillo, Encamp, Escaldes-Engordany, La Massana, Ordino, Sant Julia de Loria	4 districts (daerah-daerah, singular - daerah); Belait, Brunei and Muara, Temburong, Tutong
Age structure	0-14 years: 14.5% (male 5,433/female 4,984) 15-64 years: 71.2% (male 26,775/female 24,354) 65 years and over: 14.3% (male 5,074/female 5,202) (2007 est.)	0-14 years: 28.6% (male 54,342/female 52,084) 15-64 years: 68.4% (male 134,908/female 119,814) 65 years and over: 3% (male 5,301/female 5,912) (2005 est.)
Agriculture - products	small quantities of rye, wheat, barley, oats, vegetables; sheep	rice, vegetables, fruits, chickens, water buffalo
Airports	-	2 (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	-	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways	-	total: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Area	total: 468 sq km land: 468 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 5,770 sq km land: 5,270 sq km water: 500 sq km
Area - comparative	2.5 times the size of Washington, DC	slightly smaller than Delaware
Background	For 715 years, from 1278 to 1993, Andorrans lived under a unique co-principality, ruled by French and Spanish leaders (from 1607 onward, the French chief of state and the Spanish bishop of Urgel). In 1993, this feudal system was modified with the titular heads of state retained, but the government transformed into a parliamentary democracy. Long isolated and impoverished, mountainous Andorra achieved considerable prosperity since World War II through its tourist industry. Many immigrants (legal and illegal) are attracted to the thriving economy with its lack of income taxes.	The Sultanate of Brunei's influence peaked between the 15th and 17th centuries when its control extended over coastal areas of northwest Borneo and the southern Philippines. Brunei subsequently entered a period of decline brought on by internal strife over royal succession, colonial expansion of European powers, and piracy. In 1888, Brunei became a British protectorate; independence was achieved in 1984. The same family has ruled Brunei for over six centuries. Brunei benefits from extensive petroleum and natural gas fields, the source of one of the highest per capita GDPs in the developing world.
Birth rate	8.45 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)	19.01 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Budget	revenues: $333.5 million expenditures: $386.6 million (2005)	revenues: $4.9 billion expenditures: $4.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.35 billion (2003 est.)
Capital	name: Andorra la Vella geographic coordinates: 42 30 N, 1 31 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October	Bandar Seri Begawan
Climate	temperate; snowy, cold winters and warm, dry summers	tropical; hot, humid, rainy
Coastline	0 km (landlocked)	161 km
Constitution	Andorra's first written constitution was drafted in 1991, approved by referendum 14 March 1993, effective 28 April 1993	29 September 1959 (some provisions suspended under a State of Emergency since December 1962, others since independence on 1 January 1984)
Country name	conventional long form: Principality of Andorra conventional short form: Andorra local long form: Principat d'Andorra local short form: Andorra	conventional long form: Negara Brunei Darussalam conventional short form: Brunei
Death rate	6.45 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)	3.42 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Debt - external	$NA	$0
Diplomatic representation from the US	the US does not have an embassy in Andorra; the US Ambassador to Spain is accredited to Andorra; US interests in Andorra are represented by the Consulate General's office in Barcelona (Spain); mailing address: Paseo Reina Elisenda de Montcada, 23, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; telephone: [34] (3) 280-2227; FAX: [34] (3) 205-5206	chief of mission: Ambassador Emil SKODON embassy: Third Floor, Teck Guan Plaza, Jalan Sultan, Bandar Seri Begawan mailing address: PSC 470 (BSB), FPO AP 96507 telephone: [673] (2) 229670 FAX: [673] (2) 225293
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant) chancery: 2 United Nations Plaza, 25th Floor, New York, NY 10017 telephone: [1] (212) 750-8064 FAX: [1] (212) 750-6630	chief of mission: Ambassador Pengiran Anak Dato PUTEH chancery: 3520 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 237-1838 FAX: [1] (202) 885-0560
Disputes - international	none	in 2003 Brunei and Malaysia ceased gas and oil exploration in their disputed offshore and deepwater seabeds and negotiations have stalemated prompting consideration of international legal adjudication; Malaysia's land boundary with Brunei around Limbang is in dispute; Brunei established an exclusive economic fishing zone encompassing Louisa Reef in southern Spratly Islands in 1984 but makes no public territorial claim to the offshore reefs; the 2002 "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea" has eased tensions in the Spratly Islands but falls short of a legally binding "code of conduct" desired by several of the disputants
Economic aid - recipient	$0	NA
Economy - overview	Tourism, the mainstay of Andorra's tiny, well-to-do economy, accounts for more than 80% of GDP. An estimated 11.6 million tourists visit annually, attracted by Andorra's duty-free status and by its summer and winter resorts. Andorra's comparative advantage has recently eroded as the economies of neighboring France and Spain have been opened up, providing broader availability of goods and lower tariffs. The banking sector, with its partial "tax haven" status, also contributes substantially to the economy. Agricultural production is limited - only 2% of the land is arable - and most food has to be imported. The principal livestock activity is sheep raising. Manufacturing output consists mainly of cigarettes, cigars, and furniture. Andorra is a member of the EU Customs Union and is treated as an EU member for trade in manufactured goods (no tariffs) and as a non-EU member for agricultural products.	This small, well-to-do economy encompasses a mixture of foreign and domestic entrepreneurship, government regulation, welfare measures, and village tradition. Crude oil and natural gas production account for nearly half of GDP. Per capita GDP is far above most other Third World countries, and substantial income from overseas investment supplements income from domestic production. The government provides for all medical services and free education through the university level and subsidizes rice and housing. Brunei's leaders are concerned that steadily increased integration in the world economy will undermine internal social cohesion, although it became a more prominent player by serving as chairman for the 2000 APEC (Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation) forum. Plans for the future include upgrading the labor force, reducing unemployment, strengthening the banking and tourist sectors, and, in general, further widening the economic base beyond oil and gas.
Electricity - consumption	NA kWh	2.286 billion kWh (2002)
Electricity - exports	NA kWh	0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - imports	NA kWh; note - most electricity supplied by Spain and France; Andorra generates a small amount of hydropower	0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - production	NA kWh	2.458 billion kWh (2002)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Riu Runer 840 m highest point: Coma Pedrosa 2,946 m	lowest point: South China Sea 0 m highest point: Bukit Pagon 1,850 m
Environment - current issues	deforestation; overgrazing of mountain meadows contributes to soil erosion; air pollution; wastewater treatment and solid waste disposal	seasonal smoke/haze resulting from forest fires in Indonesia
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	party to: Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	Spanish 43%, Andorran 33%, Portuguese 11%, French 7%, other 6% (1998)	Malay 67%, Chinese 15%, indigenous 6%, other 12%
Exchange rates	euros per US dollar - 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003)	Bruneian dollars per US dollar - 1.6902 (2004), 1.7422 (2003), 1.7906 (2002), 1.7917 (2001), 1.724 (2000)
Executive branch	chief of state: French Coprince Nicolas SARKOZY (since 16 May 2007); represented by Philippe MASSONI (since 26 July 2002) and Spanish Coprince Bishop Joan Enric VIVES i SICILIA (since 12 May 2003); represented by Nemesi MARQUES i OSTE (since 30 July 2003) head of government: Executive Council President Albert PINTAT SANTOLARIA (since 27 May 2005) cabinet: Executive Council or Govern designated by the Executive Council president elections: Executive Council president elected by the General Council and formally appointed by the coprinces for a four-year term; election last held 24 April 2005 (next to be held in April-May 2009) election results: Albert PINTAT SANTOLARIA elected executive council president; percent of General Council vote - NA	chief of state: Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Council of Cabinet Ministers appointed and presided over by the monarch; deals with executive matters; note - there is also a Religious Council (members appointed by the monarch) that advises on religious matters, a Privy Council (members appointed by the monarch) that deals with constitutional matters, and the Council of Succession (members appointed by the monarch) that determines the succession to the throne if the need arises elections: none; the monarch is hereditary
Exports	$148.7 million f.o.b. (2005)	199,000 bbl/day (2003)
Exports - commodities	tobacco products, furniture	crude oil, natural gas, refined products
Exports - partners	Spain 59.5%, France 17.0% (2006)	Japan 38.1%, South Korea 14%, Australia 11.2%, US 8.6%, Thailand 7.9%, Indonesia 5.9%, China 4.5% (2004)
Fiscal year	calendar year	calendar year
Flag description	three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red with the national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; the coat of arms features a quartered shield note: similar to the flags of Chad and Romania, which do not have a national coat of arms in the center, and the flag of Moldova, which does bear a national emblem	yellow with two diagonal bands of white (top, almost double width) and black starting from the upper hoist side; the national emblem in red is superimposed at the center; the emblem includes a swallow-tailed flag on top of a winged column within an upturned crescent above a scroll and flanked by two upraised hands
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%	agriculture: 5% industry: 45% services: 50% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $23,600 (2003 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	3.5% (2005 est.)	3.2% (2003 est.)
Geographic coordinates	42 30 N, 1 30 E	4 30 N, 114 40 E
Geography - note	landlocked; straddles a number of important crossroads in the Pyrenees	close to vital sea lanes through South China Sea linking Indian and Pacific Oceans; two parts physically separated by Malaysia; almost an enclave of Malaysia
Heliports	-	3 (2004 est.)
Highways	-	total: 2,525 km paved: 2,525 km unpaved: 0 km (2000)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Illicit drugs	-	drug trafficking and illegally importing controlled substances are serious offenses in Brunei and carry a mandatory death penalty
Imports	$1.879 billion (2005)	NA
Imports - commodities	consumer goods, food, electricity	machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, chemicals
Imports - partners	Spain 53.2%, France 21.1% (2006)	Singapore 32.7%, Malaysia 21.2%, UK 8.3%, Japan 7.2% (2004)
Independence	1278 (formed under the joint suzerainty of the French Count of Foix and the Spanish Bishop of Urgel)	1 January 1984 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	5% (2002 est.)
Industries	tourism (particularly skiing), cattle raising, timber, banking, tobacco, furniture	petroleum, petroleum refining, liquefied natural gas, construction
Infant mortality rate	total: 4.03 deaths/1,000 live births male: 4.37 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.68 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)	total: 12.61 deaths/1,000 live births male: 15.93 deaths/1,000 live births female: 9.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	3.2% (2005)	0.3% (2003 est.)
International organization participation	CE, FAO, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IFRCS, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITU, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, Union Latina, UNWTO, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WTO (observer)	APEC, APT, ARF, ASEAN, C, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDB, IFRCS, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Irrigated land	NA	10 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Tribunal of Judges or Tribunal de Batlles; Tribunal of the Courts or Tribunal de Corts; Supreme Court of Justice of Andorra or Tribunal Superior de Justicia d'Andorra; Supreme Council of Justice or Consell Superior de la Justicia; Fiscal Ministry or Ministeri Fiscal; Constitutional Tribunal or Tribunal Constitucional	Supreme Court (chief justice and judges are sworn in by the monarch for three-year terms)
Labor force	42,420 (2005)	158,000 note: includes foreign workers and military personnel; temporary residents make up about 40% of labor force (2002 est.)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture: 0.3% industry: 20.3% services: 79.4% (2005)	agriculture, forestry, and fishing 10%, production of oil, natural gas, services, and construction 42%, government 48% (1999 est.)
Land boundaries	total: 120.3 km border countries: France 56.6 km, Spain 63.7 km	total: 381 km border countries: Malaysia 381 km
Land use	arable land: 2.13% permanent crops: 0% other: 97.87% (2005)	arable land: 0.57% permanent crops: 0.76% other: 98.67% (2001)
Languages	Catalan (official), French, Castilian, Portuguese	Malay (official), English, Chinese
Legal system	based on French and Spanish civil codes; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction	based on English common law; for Muslims, Islamic Shari'a law supersedes civil law in a number of areas
Legislative branch	unicameral General Council of the Valleys or Consell General de las Valls (28 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote, 14 from a single national constituency and 14 to represent each of the seven parishes; to serve four-year terms) elections: last held on 24 April 2005 (next to be held in March-April 2009) election results: percent of vote by party - PLA 41.2%, PS 38.1%, CDA-S21 11%, other 9.7%; seats by party - PLA 14, PS 12, CDA-S21 2	Legislative Council met on 25 September 2004 for first time in 20 years with 21 members appointed by the Sultan; passed constitutional amendments calling for a 45-seat council with 15 elected members; Sultan dissolved council on 1 September 2005 and appointed a new council with 29 members as of 2 September 2005 elections: last held in March 1962 (date of next election NA)
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 83.52 years male: 80.62 years female: 86.62 years (2007 est.)	total population: 74.8 years male: 72.36 years female: 77.36 years (2005 est.)
Literacy	definition: NA total population: 100% male: 100% female: 100%	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 93.9% male: 96.3% female: 91.4% (2002)
Location	Southwestern Europe, between France and Spain	Southeastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and Malaysia
Map references	Europe	Southeast Asia
Maritime claims	none (landlocked)	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm or to median line
Merchant marine	-	total: 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 465,937 GRT/413,393 DWT by type: liquefied gas 8 foreign-owned: 8 (United Kingdom 8) (2005)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of France and Spain	-
Military branches	no regular military forces, Police Service of Andorra	Royal Brunei Armed Forces: Royal Brunei Land Forces, Royal Brunei Navy, Royal Brunei Air Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure	-	$290.7 million (2004)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	-	5.1% (2004)
National holiday	Our Lady of Meritxell Day, 8 September (1278)	National Day, 23 February (1984); note - 1 January 1984 was the date of independence from the UK, 23 February 1984 was the date of independence from British protection
Nationality	noun: Andorran(s) adjective: Andorran	noun: Bruneian(s) adjective: Bruneian
Natural hazards	avalanches	typhoons, earthquakes, and severe flooding are rare
Natural resources	hydropower, mineral water, timber, iron ore, lead	petroleum, natural gas, timber
Net migration rate	6.42 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)	3.45 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Pipelines	-	gas 665 km; oil 439 km (2004)
Political parties and leaders	Andorran Democratic Center Party or CDA (formerly Democratic Party or PD); Century 21 or S21 [Enric TARRADO]; Liberal Party of Andorra or PLA [Albert PINTAT SANTOLARIA] (formerly Liberal Union or UL); Social Democratic Party or PS [Jaume BARTUMEU CASSANY] (formerly part of National Democratic Group or AND)	National Development Party (NDP) [Yassin AFFENDI]; National Unity Party of Brunei (PPKB) [leader NA]; People's Awareness Party (PAKAR) [leader NA] note: parties are small and inactive (2005)
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	NA
Population	71,822 (July 2007 est.)	372,361 (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	NA
Population growth rate	0.842% (2007 est.)	1.9% (2005 est.)
Ports and harbors	-	Lumut, Muara, Seria
Radio broadcast stations	AM 0, FM 15, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 3, FM 10, shortwave 0 (1998)
Religions	Roman Catholic (predominant)	Muslim (official) 67%, Buddhist 13%, Christian 10%, indigenous beliefs and other 10%
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.09 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.099 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.975 male(s)/female total population: 1.079 male(s)/female (2007 est.)	at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.13 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.9 male(s)/female total population: 1.09 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	none
Telephone system	general assessment: NA domestic: modern system with microwave radio relay connections between exchanges international: country code - 376; landline circuits to France and Spain	general assessment: service throughout the country is excellent; international service is good to East Asia, Europe, and the US domestic: every service available international: country code - 673; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean); digital submarine cable links to Malaysia, the Philippines, and Singapore (2001)
Telephones - main lines in use	35,400 (2005)	90,000 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular	64,600 (2005)	137,000 (2002)
Television broadcast stations	0 (1997)	2 (1997)
Terrain	rugged mountains dissected by narrow valleys	flat coastal plain rises to mountains in east; hilly lowland in west
Total fertility rate	1.31 children born/woman (2007 est.)	2.3 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate	0% (1996 est.)	3.2% (2002 est.)
Waterways	-	209 km (navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 m) (2004)

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