Compare Andorra (2002) - Macau (2002)

Compare Andorra (2002) z Macau (2002)

	Andorra (2002)	Macau (2002)

Administrative divisions	7 parishes (parroquies, singular - parroquia); Andorra la Vella, Canillo, Encamp, La Massana, Escaldes-Engordany, Ordino, Sant Julia de Loria	none (special administrative region of China)
Age structure	0-14 years: 15.2% (male 5,456; female 4,951) 15-64 years: 71.9% (male 25,855; female 23,311) 65 years and over: 12.9% (male 4,425; female 4,405) (2002 est.)	0-14 years: 21.8% (male 52,262; female 48,439) 15-64 years: 70.9% (male 154,942; female 172,647) 65 years and over: 7.3% (male 13,616; female 19,927) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products	small quantities of tobacco, rye, wheat, barley, oats, vegetables; sheep	rice, vegetables
Airports	none (2001)	1 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	-	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2002)
Area	total: 468 sq km land: 468 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 25.4 sq km land: 25.4 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	2.5 times the size of Washington, DC	about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	For 715 years, from 1278 to 1993, Andorrans lived under a unique co-principality, ruled by the French chief of state and the Spanish bishop of Urgel. In 1993, this feudal system was modified with the titular heads of state retained, but the government transformed into a parliamentary democracy. Long isolated and impoverished, mountainous Andorra achieved considerable prosperity since World War II through its tourist industry. Many immigrants (legal and illegal) are attracted to the thriving economy with its lack of income taxes.	Colonized by the Portuguese in the 16th century, Macau was the first European settlement in the Far East. Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and Portugal on 13 April 1987, Macau became the Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China on 20 December 1999. China has promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's socialist economic system will not be practiced in Macau and that Macau will enjoy a high degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign and defense affairs.
Birth rate	9.97 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)	12.19 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget	revenues: $385 million expenditures: $342 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1997)	revenues: $1.15 billion expenditures: $1.03 billion, including capital expenditures of $166 million (2000 est.)
Capital	Andorra la Vella	-
Climate	temperate; snowy, cold winters and warm, dry summers	subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers
Coastline	0 km (landlocked)	41 km
Constitution	Andorra's first written constitution was drafted in 1991; approved by referendum 14 March 1993; came into force 4 May 1993	Basic Law, approved in March 1993 by China's National People's Congress, is Macau's "mini-constitution"
Country name	conventional long form: Principality of Andorra conventional short form: Andorra local long form: Principat d'Andorra local short form: Andorra	conventional long form: Macau Special Administrative Region conventional short form: Macau local long form: Aomen Tebie Xingzhengqu (Chinese); Regiao Administrativa Especial de Macau (Portuguese) local short form: Aomen (Chinese); Macau (Portuguese)
Currency	euro (EUR); French franc (FRF); Spanish peseta (ESP)	pataca (MOP)
Death rate	5.57 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)	3.78 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external	$NA	$1.5 billion (1998)
Dependency status	-	special administrative region of China
Diplomatic representation from the US	the US does not have an embassy in Andorra; the US Ambassador to Spain is accredited to Andorra; US interests in Andorra are represented by the Consulate General's office in Barcelona (Spain); mailing address: Paseo Reina Elisenda, 23, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; telephone: (3493) 280-2227; FAX: (3493) 205-7705	the US has no offices in Macau, and US interests are monitored by the US Consulate General in Hong Kong
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Jelena V. PIA-COMELLA chancery: 2 United Nations Plaza, 25th Floor, New York, NY 10017 telephone: [1] (212) 750-8064 FAX: [1] (212) 750-6630	none (special administrative region of China)
Disputes - international	border is undemarcated in sections	none
Economic aid - recipient	none	$NA
Economy - overview	Tourism, the mainstay of Andorra's tiny, well-to-do economy, accounts for roughly 80% of GDP. An estimated 9 million tourists visit annually, attracted by Andorra's duty-free status and by its summer and winter resorts. Andorra's comparative advantage has recently eroded as the economies of neighboring France and Spain have been opened up, providing broader availability of goods and lower tariffs. The banking sector, with its "tax haven" status, also contributes substantially to the economy. Agricultural production is limited - only 2% of the land is arable - and most food has to be imported. The principal livestock activity is sheep raising. Manufacturing output consists mainly of cigarettes, cigars, and furniture. Andorra is a member of the EU Customs Union and is treated as an EU member for trade in manufactured goods (no tariffs) and as a non-EU member for agricultural products.	Macau's economy two years after reversion to China remains one of the most open in the world, according to the World Trade Organization. The government collects no duty on imports and sets no restrictions on exports beyond those required by international agreements. The territory's net exports of goods and services account for 35% of GDP, with tourism and apparel exports as the mainstays. The territory therefore has been hit hard by the 2001 downturn in its key US and EU export markets. Tourism remained strong, however, driven by a surge in visitors from mainland China. In response to the expected contraction of the economy in 2002, the government has announced a stimulative income tax cut and public works program that will push the budget into deficit. China already has extended support by easing restrictions on travel to Macau and is proposing a China-Hong Kong-Macau free trade area. China's economic weight is increasingly felt, with the mainland now holding more than 50% of assets in the financial, real estate, and construction sectors. Mainlanders, however, have been excluded from bidding on the gambling industry licenses that Macau is offering to break up the territory's four-decade-old gambling monopoly. Gambling taxes account for up to 60% of revenue, and the government with Beijing's backing intends to revitalize the industry.
Electricity - consumption	NA kWh	1.476 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports	NA kWh	1 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports	NA kWh note: most electricity supplied by Spain and France; Andorra generates a small amount of hydropower	175 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production	-	1.4 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: NA% hydro: NA% nuclear: NA% other: NA%	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Riu Runer 840 m highest point: Coma Pedrosa 2,946 m	lowest point: South China Sea 0 m highest point: Coloane Alto 172.4 m
Environment - current issues	deforestation; overgrazing of mountain meadows contributes to soil erosion; air pollution; wastewater treatment and solid waste disposal	NA
Environment - international agreements	party to: Hazardous Wastes signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	-
Ethnic groups	Spanish 43%, Andorran 33%, Portuguese 11%, French 7%, other 6% (1998)	Chinese 95%, Macanese (mixed Portuguese and Asian ancestry), Portuguese, other
Exchange rates	euros per US dollar - 1.1324 (January 2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997); Spanish pesetas per US dollar - 149.40 (1998), 146.41 (1997)	patacas per US dollar - 8.033 (January 2002), 8.034 (2001), 8.026 (2000), 7.992 (1999), 7.979 (1998), 7.975 (1997); note - linked to the Hong Kong dollar at the rate of 1.03 patacas per Hong Kong dollar
Executive branch	chief of state: French Coprince Jacques CHIRAC (since 17 May 1995), represented by Frederic de SAINT-SERNIN (since NA); Spanish Coprince Episcopal Monseigneur Joan Marti ALANIS (since 31 January 1971), represented by Nemesi MARQUES OSTE (since NA) head of government: Executive Council President Marc FORNE Molne (since 21 December 1994) cabinet: Executive Council or Govern designated by the Executive Council president elections: Executive Council president elected by the General Council and formally appointed by the coprinces for a four-year term; election last held 4 March 2001 (next to be held NA 2005) election results: Marc FORNE Molne elected executive council president; percent of General Council vote - NA%	chief of state: President of China JIANG Zemin (since 27 March 1993) head of government: Chief Executive Edmund HO Hau-wah (since 20 December 1999) cabinet: Executive Council consists of all five government secretaries, three legislators, and two businessmen elections: chief executive chosen by a 200-member selection committee for up to two five-year terms
Exports	$58 million f.o.b. (1998)	$2.5 billion f.o.b. (2000)
Exports - commodities	tobacco products, furniture	clothing, textiles, cement, electronics, cameras
Exports - partners	France 34%, Spain 58% (1998)	US 48%, EU 28%, China 10%, Hong Kong 7% (2000)
Fiscal year	calendar year	calendar year
Flag description	three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red with the national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; the coat of arms features a quartered shield; similar to the flags of Chad and Romania, which do not have a national coat of arms in the center, and the flag of Moldova, which does bear a national emblem	light green with a lotus flower above a stylized bridge and water in white, beneath an arc of five gold, five-pointed stars: one large in center of arc and four smaller
GDP	purchasing power parity - $1.3 billion (2000 est.)	purchasing power parity - $8 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%	agriculture: 1% industry: 25% services: 74% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $19,000 (2000 est.)	purchasing power parity - $17,600 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	3.8% (2000 est.)	0.5% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates	42 30 N, 1 30 E	22 10 N, 113 33 E
Geography - note	landlocked; straddles a number of important crossroads in the Pyrenees	essentially urban; one causeway and two bridges connect the two islands of Coloane and Taipa to the peninsula on mainland
Highways	total: 269 km paved: 198 km unpaved: 71 km (1994 est.)	total: 50 km paved: 50 km unpaved: 0 km (2001)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	$1.077 billion (1998)	$2.3 billion c.i.f. (2000)
Imports - commodities	consumer goods, food, electricity	clothing, textiles, yarn, minerals, electrical machinery, fuel, livestock
Imports - partners	Spain 48%, France 35%, US 2.3% (1998)	China 41%, Hong Kong 15%, EU 10%, Taiwan 10%, Japan 6% (2000)
Independence	1278 (was formed under the joint suzerainty of the French count of Foix and the Spanish bishop of Urgel)	none (special administrative region of China)
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	NA%
Industries	tourism (particularly skiing), cattle raising, timber, tobacco, banking	tourism, gambling, clothing, textiles, electronics, footwear, toys
Infant mortality rate	4.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)	4.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	4.3% (2000)	-2% (2001 est.)
International organization participation	CCC, CE, ECE, ICAO, ICRM, IFRCS, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OSCE, UN, UNESCO, WHO, WIPO, WToO, WTrO (observer)	CCC, ESCAP (associate), IHO, IMO (associate), Interpol (subbureau), ISO (correspondent), UNESCO (associate), WMO, WToO (associate), WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	1 (2000)	1 (2000)
Irrigated land	NA sq km	NA sq km
Judicial branch	Tribunal of Judges or Tribunal de Batlles; Tribunal of the Courts or Tribunal de Corts; Supreme Court of Justice of Andorra or Tribunal Superior de Justicia d'Andorra; Supreme Council of Justice or Consell Superior de la Justicia; Fiscal Ministry or Ministeri Fiscal; Constitutional Tribunal or Tribunal Constitucional	The Court of Final Appeal in the Macau Special Administrative Region
Labor force	33,000 (2001 est.)	218,000 (2001)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 1%, industry 21%, services 78% (2000 est.)	restaurants and hotels 26%, manufacturing 20%, other services and agriculture 54% (2000 est.)
Land boundaries	total: 120.3 km border countries: France 56.6 km, Spain 63.7 km	total: 0.34 km border countries: China 0.34 km
Land use	arable land: 2.22% permanent crops: 0% other: 97.78% (1998 est.)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% note: "green areas" represent 22.4% (1998 est.)
Languages	Catalan (official), French, Castilian, Portuguese	Portuguese, Chinese (Cantonese)
Legal system	based on French and Spanish civil codes; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction	based on Portuguese civil law system
Legislative branch	unicameral General Council of the Valleys or Consell General de las Valls (28 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote, 14 from a single national constituency and 14 to represent each of the 7 parishes; members serve four-year terms) elections: last held 4 March 2001 (next to be held NA March 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - PLA 46.1%, PSD 30%, PD 23.8%, other 0.1%; seats by party - PLA 15, PSD 6, PD 5, independents 2	unicameral Legislative Council or LEGCO (27 seats; 10 elected by popular vote, 10 by indirect vote, and 7 appointed by the chief executive; members serve four-year terms) elections: last held 23 September 2001 (next to be held NA 2005) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats by political bloc - Entertainment Industry 3, pro-democracy 2, pro-Beijing Labor Union 2, pro-Beijing Neighborhood Association 2, pro-business 1
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 83.48 years male: 80.58 years female: 86.58 years (2002 est.)	total population: 81.78 years male: 78.97 years female: 84.73 years (2002 est.)
Literacy	definition: NA total population: 100% male: NA% female: NA%	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 90% male: 93% female: 86% (1981 est.)
Location	Southwestern Europe, between France and Spain	Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China
Map references	Europe	Southeast Asia
Maritime claims	none (landlocked)	not specified
Merchant marine	-	none (2002 est.)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of France and Spain	responsibility for defense reverted to China on 20 December 1999
Military branches	no regular military forces, but there is a police force	no regular indigenous military forces; responsibility for defense reverted to China on 20 December 1999; there is a local police force
Military manpower - availability	-	males age 15-49: 128,005 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	-	males age 15-49: 70,508 (2002 est.)
National holiday	Our Lady of Meritxell Day, 8 September (1278)	National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 20 December 1999 is celebrated as Macau Special Administrative Region Establishment Day
Nationality	noun: Andorran(s) adjective: Andorran	noun: Chinese adjective: Chinese
Natural hazards	avalanches	typhoons
Natural resources	hydropower, mineral water, timber, iron ore, lead	NEGL
Net migration rate	6.74 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)	9.08 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Political parties and leaders	Democratic Party or PD (formerly part of National Democratic Group or AND) [leader NA]; Liberal Party of Andorra or PLA [Marc Forne MOLNE] (used to be Liberal Union or UL); National Democratic Initiative or IDN [Vincenc MATEU Zamora]; New Democracy or ND [Jaume BARTOMEU Cassany]; Social Democratic Party or PSD (formerly part of National Democratic Group of AND) [leader NA]; Union of the People of Ordino (Unio Parroquial d'Ordino) or UPO [Simo DURO Coma] note: there are two other small parties	there are no formal political parties, however, there are civic associations that, for purposes of legislative voting, join together to form political blocs
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	Catholic Church [Domingos LAM, bishop]; Macau Society of Tourism and Entertainment or STDM [Stanley HO, managing director]; Union for Democracy Development [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong, leader]
Population	68,403 (July 2002 est.)	461,833 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	NA%
Population growth rate	1.11% (2002 est.)	1.75% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	none	Macau
Radio broadcast stations	AM 0, FM 15, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 0, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios	16,000 (1997)	160,000 (1997)
Railways	0 km	0 km
Religions	Roman Catholic (predominant)	Buddhist 50%, Roman Catholic 15%, none and other 35% (1997 est.)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.11 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1 male(s)/female total population: 1.09 male(s)/female (2002 est.)	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.08 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.9 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	direct election 18 years of age, universal for permanent residents living in Macau for the past seven years; indirect election limited to organizations registered as "corporate voters" (257 are currently registered) and a 300-member Election Committee drawn from broad regional groupings, municipal organizations, and central government bodies
Telephone system	general assessment: NA domestic: modern system with microwave radio relay connections between exchanges international: landline circuits to France and Spain	general assessment: fairly modern communication facilities maintained for domestic and international services domestic: NA international: HF radiotelephone communication facility; access to international communications carriers provided via Hong Kong and China; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	32,946 (December 1998)	176,902 (November 2001)
Telephones - mobile cellular	14,117 (December 1998)	158,251 (November 2001)
Television broadcast stations	0 (1997)	0 (receives Hong Kong broadcasts) (1997)
Terrain	rugged mountains dissected by narrow valleys	generally flat
Total fertility rate	1.26 children born/woman (2002 est.)	1.31 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate	0%	6.5% (2001 est.)
Waterways	none	none

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