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Sweden (2001)

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Sweden 2001 year

 Sweden
Administrative divisions 21 counties (lan, singular and plural); Blekinge, Dalarnas, Gavleborgs, Gotlands, Hallands, Jamtlands, Jonkopings, Kalmar, Kronobergs, Norrbottens, Orebro, Ostergotlands, Skane, Sodermanlands, Stockholms, Uppsala, Varmlands, Vasterbottens, Vasternorrlands, Vastmanlands, Vastra Gotalands
Age structure 0-14 years:
18.19% (male 828,308; female 786,353)

15-64 years:
64.53% (male 2,911,949; female 2,814,730)

65 years and over:
17.28% (male 649,296; female 884,417) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products grains, sugar beets, potatoes; meat, milk
Airports 255 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
147

over 3,047 m:
3

2,438 to 3,047 m:
11

1,524 to 2,437 m:
80

914 to 1,523 m:
28

under 914 m:
25 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
108

914 to 1,523 m:
5

under 914 m:
103 (2000 est.)
Area total:
449,964 sq km

land:
410,934 sq km

water:
39,030 sq km
Area - comparative slightly larger than California
Background A military power during the 17th century, Sweden has not participated in any war in almost two centuries. An armed neutrality was preserved in both World Wars. Sweden's long-successful economic formula of a capitalist system interlarded with substantial welfare elements has recently been undermined by high unemployment, rising maintenance costs, and a declining position in world markets. Indecision over the country's role in the political and economic integration of Europe caused Sweden not to join the EU until 1995, and to forgo the introduction of the euro in 1999.
Birth rate 9.91 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues:
$133 billion

expenditures:
$125.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
Capital Stockholm
Climate temperate in south with cold, cloudy winters and cool, partly cloudy summers; subarctic in north
Coastline 3,218 km
Constitution 1 January 1975
Country name conventional long form:
Kingdom of Sweden

conventional short form:
Sweden

local long form:
Konungariket Sverige

local short form:
Sverige
Currency Swedish krona (SEK)
Death rate 10.61 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $66.5 billion (1994)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Lyndon Lowell OLSON, Jr.

embassy:
Dag Hammarskjolds VAG 31, SE-11589 Stockholm

mailing address:
American Embassy Stockholm, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-5750 (pouch)

telephone:
[46] (8) 783 53 00

FAX:
[46] (8) 661 19 64
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Jan ELIASSON

chancery:
1501 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20005-1702

telephone:
[1] (202) 467-2600

FAX:
[1] (202) 467-2699

consulate(s) general:
Los Angeles and New York
Disputes - international none
Economic aid - donor ODA, $1.7 billion (1997)
Economy - overview Aided by peace and neutrality for the whole twentieth century, Sweden has achieved an enviable standard of living under a mixed system of high-tech capitalism and extensive welfare benefits. It has a modern distribution system, excellent internal and external communications, and a skilled labor force. Timber, hydropower, and iron ore constitute the resource base of an economy heavily oriented toward foreign trade. Privately owned firms account for about 90% of industrial output, of which the engineering sector accounts for 50% of output and exports. Agriculture accounts for only 2% of GDP and 2% of the jobs. In recent years, however, this extraordinarily favorable picture has been somewhat clouded by budgetary difficulties, high unemployment, and a gradual loss of competitiveness in international markets. Sweden has harmonized its economic policies with those of the EU, which it joined at the start of 1995. GDP growth is forecast for 4% in 2001.
Electricity - consumption 128.819 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 15.9 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 8.35 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 146.633 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
5.53%

hydro:
47.24%

nuclear:
45.42%

other:
1.81% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Baltic Sea 0 m

highest point:
Kebnekaise 2,111 m
Environment - current issues acid rain damaging soils and lakes; pollution of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea
Environment - international agreements party to:
Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified:
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Ethnic groups indigenous population: Swedes and Finnish and Sami minorities; foreign-born or first-generation immigrants: Finns, Yugoslavs, Danes, Norwegians, Greeks, Turks
Exchange rates Swedish kronor per US dollar - 9.4669 (January 2001), 9.1622 (2000), 8.2624 (1999), 7.9499 (1998), 7.6349 (1997), 6.7060 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state:
King CARL XVI GUSTAF (since 19 September 1973); Heir Apparent Princess VICTORIA Ingrid Alice Desiree, daughter of the monarch (born 14 July 1977)

head of government:
Prime Minister Goran PERSSON (since 21 March 1996)

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the prime minister

elections:
the monarch is hereditary; prime minister elected by the Parliament; election last held NA September 1998 (next to be held NA 2002)

election results:
Goran PERSSON reelected prime minister with 131 out of 349 votes
Exports 15.9 billion kWh (1999)
Exports $95.5 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Exports - commodities machinery 35%, motor vehicles, paper products, pulp and wood, iron and steel products, chemicals
Exports - partners EU 55% (Germany 11%, UK 10%, Denmark 6%, Finland 5%, France 5%), US 9%, Norway 8% (1999)
Fiscal year calendar year
Flag description blue with a yellow cross that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)
GDP purchasing power parity - $197 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
2.2%

industry:
27.9%

services:
69.9% (1999)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $22,200 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 4.3% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 62 00 N, 15 00 E
Geography - note strategic location along Danish Straits linking Baltic and North Seas
Heliports 1 (2000 est.)
Highways total:
210,760 km

paved:
162,707 km (including 1,428 km of expressways)

unpaved:
48,053 km (1999)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
3.7%

highest 10%:
20.1% (1992)
Imports 8.35 billion kWh (1999)
Imports $80 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Imports - commodities machinery, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, motor vehicles, iron and steel; foodstuffs, clothing
Imports - partners EU 67% (Germany 18%, UK 10%, Denmark 7%, France 6%), Norway 8%, US 6% (1999)
Independence 6 June 1523 (Gustav VASA elected king)
Industrial production growth rate 7% (2000 est.)
Industries iron and steel, precision equipment (bearings, radio and telephone parts, armaments), wood pulp and paper products, processed foods, motor vehicles
Infant mortality rate 3.47 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 1.2% (2000 est.)
International organization participation AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CCC, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 6, G- 9, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, NAM (guest), NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOGIP, UNMOP, UNOMIG, UNTAET, UNTSO, UPU, WEU (observer), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO, ZC
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 29 (2000)
Irrigated land 1,150 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Hogsta Domstolen (judges are appointed by the prime minister and the cabinet)
Labor force 4.4 million (2000 est.)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 2%, industry 24%, services 74% (2000 est.)
Land boundaries total:
2,205 km

border countries:
Finland 586 km, Norway 1,619 km
Land use arable land:
7%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
1%

forests and woodland:
68%

other:
24% (1993 est.)
Languages Swedish

note:
small Lapp- and Finnish-speaking minorities
Legal system civil law system influenced by customary law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Legislative branch unicameral Parliament or Riksdag (349 seats; members are elected by popular vote on a proportional representation basis to serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held 20 September 1998 (next to be held NA September 2002)

election results:
percent of vote by party - Social Democrats 36.5%, Moderates 22.7%, Left Party 12%, Christian Democrats 11.8%, Center Party 5.1%, Liberal Party 4.7%, Greens 4.5%; seats by party - Social Democrats 131, Moderates 82, Left Party 43, Christian Democrats 42, Center Party 18, Liberal Party 17, Greens 16
Life expectancy at birth total population:
79.71 years

male:
77.07 years

female:
82.5 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
99% (1979 est.)

male:
NA%

female:
NA%
Location Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, Kattegat, and Skagerrak, between Finland and Norway
Map references Europe
Maritime claims continental shelf:
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

exclusive economic zone:
agreed boundaries or midlines

territorial sea:
12 NM (adjustments made to return a portion of straits to high seas)
Merchant marine total:
167 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,205,370 GRT/1,663,091 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 5, cargo 28, chemical tanker 31, combination ore/oil 4, liquefied gas 1, passenger 1, petroleum tanker 29, railcar carrier 1, roll on/roll off 40, short-sea passenger 4, specialized tanker 6, vehicle carrier 17 (2000 est.)
Military branches Swedish Army, Royal Swedish Navy, Swedish Air Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure $5 billion (FY98)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 2.1% (FY98)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
2,062,566 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
1,803,995 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age 19 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
51,506 (2001 est.)
National holiday Flag Day, 6 June
Nationality noun:
Swede(s)

adjective:
Swedish
Natural hazards ice floes in the surrounding waters, especially in the Gulf of Bothnia, can interfere with maritime traffic
Natural resources zinc, iron ore, lead, copper, silver, timber, uranium, hydropower
Net migration rate 0.91 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines natural gas 84 km
Political parties and leaders Center Party [Lennart DALEUS]; Christian Democratic Party [Alf SVENSSON]; Communist Workers' Party [Rolf HAGEL]; Green Party [no formal leader but party spokesperson is Briger SCHLAUG]; Left Party or VP (formerly Communist) [Gudrun SCHYMAN]; Liberal People's Party [Lars LEIJONBORG]; Moderate Party (conservative) [Bo LUNDGREN]; New Democracy Party [Vivianne FRANZEN]; Social Democratic Party [Goran PERSSON]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA
Population 8,875,053 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA%
Population growth rate 0.02% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Gavle, Goteborg, Halmstad, Helsingborg, Hudiksvall, Kalmar, Karlshamn, Malmo, Solvesborg, Stockholm, Sundsvall
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 265, shortwave 1 (1998)
Radios 8.25 million (1997)
Railways total:
12,821 km (includes 3,594 km of privately owned railways)

standard gauge:
12,821 km 1.435-m gauge (7,918 km electrified and 1,152 km double track) (1998)
Religions Lutheran 87%, Roman Catholic, Orthodox, Baptist, Muslim, Jewish, Buddhist
Sex ratio at birth:
1.06 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.03 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.73 male(s)/female

total population:
0.98 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
excellent domestic and international facilities; automatic system

domestic:
coaxial and multiconductor cables carry most of the voice traffic; parallel microwave radio relay systems carry some additional telephone channels

international:
5 submarine coaxial cables; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Eutelsat, and 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Sweden shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, and Norway)
Telephones - main lines in use 6.017 million (December 1998)
Telephones - mobile cellular 3.835 million (October 1998)
Television broadcast stations 169 (plus 1,299 repeaters) (1995)
Terrain mostly flat or gently rolling lowlands; mountains in west
Total fertility rate 1.53 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 6% (2000 est.)
Waterways 2,052 km

note:
navigable for small steamers and barges
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