Sweden (2005)

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Sweden 2005 year


Administrative divisions	21 counties (lan, singular and plural); Blekinge, Dalarnas, Gavleborgs, Gotlands, Hallands, Jamtlands, Jonkopings, Kalmar, Kronobergs, Norrbottens, Orebro, Ostergotlands, Skane, Sodermanlands, Stockholms, Uppsala, Varmlands, Vasterbottens, Vasternorrlands, Vastmanlands, Vastra Gotalands
Age structure	0-14 years: 17.1% (male 791,215/female 747,621) 15-64 years: 65.5% (male 2,990,436/female 2,904,873) 65 years and over: 17.4% (male 677,161/female 890,468) (2005 est.)
Agriculture - products	barley, wheat, sugar beets; meat, milk
Airports	254 (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 154 over 3,047 m: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 12 1,524 to 2,437 m: 82 914 to 1,523 m: 22 under 914 m: 35 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 100 914 to 1,523 m: 10 under 914 m: 90 (2004 est.)
Area	total: 449,964 sq km land: 410,934 sq km water: 39,030 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly larger than California
Background	A military power during the 17th century, Sweden has not participated in any war in almost two centuries. An armed neutrality was preserved in both World Wars. Sweden's long-successful economic formula of a capitalist system interlarded with substantial welfare elements was challenged in the 1990s by high unemployment and in 2000-02 by the global economic downturn, but fiscal discipline over the past several years has allowed the country to weather economic vagaries. Indecision over the country's role in the political and economic integration of Europe delayed Sweden's entry into the EU until 1995, and waived the introduction of the euro in 1999.
Birth rate	10.36 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Budget	revenues: $201.3 billion expenditures: $199.6 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Capital	Stockholm
Climate	temperate in south with cold, cloudy winters and cool, partly cloudy summers; subarctic in north
Coastline	3,218 km
Constitution	1 January 1975
Country name	conventional long form: Kingdom of Sweden conventional short form: Sweden local long form: Konungariket Sverige local short form: Sverige
Death rate	10.36 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Debt - external	$66.5 billion (1994)
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador M. Teel BIVINS embassy: Dag Hammarskjolds VAG 31, SE-11589 Stockholm mailing address: American Embassy Stockholm, Department of State, 5750 Stockholm Place, Washington, DC 20521-5750 (pouch) telephone: [46] (08) 783 53 00 FAX: [46] (08) 661 19 64
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Jan ELIASSON chancery: 1501 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20005-1702 telephone: [1] (202) 467-2600 FAX: [1] (202) 467-2699 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles and New York
Disputes - international	none
Economic aid - donor	ODA, $1.7 billion (1997)
Economy - overview	Aided by peace and neutrality for the whole 20th century, Sweden has achieved an enviable standard of living under a mixed system of high-tech capitalism and extensive welfare benefits. It has a modern distribution system, excellent internal and external communications, and a skilled labor force. Timber, hydropower, and iron ore constitute the resource base of an economy heavily oriented toward foreign trade. Privately owned firms account for about 90% of industrial output, of which the engineering sector accounts for 50% of output and exports. Agriculture accounts for only 2% of GDP and 2% of the jobs. The government's commitment to fiscal discipline resulted in a substantial budgetary surplus in 2001, which was cut by more than half in 2002, due to the global economic slowdown, declining revenue, and increased spending. The Swedish central bank (the Riksbank) focuses on price stability with its inflation target of 2%. Growth remained sluggish in 2003, but picked up in 2004. Presumably because of generous sicktime benefits, Swedish workers report in sick more often than other Europeans. On 14 September 2003, Swedish voters turned down entry into the euro system, concerned about the impact on democracy and sovereignty.
Electricity - consumption	138.1 billion kWh (2002)
Electricity - exports	14.8 billion kWh (2002)
Electricity - imports	20.1 billion kWh (2002)
Electricity - production	142.8 billion kWh (2002)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: reclaimed bay of Lake Hammarsjon, near Kristianstad -2.41 m highest point: Kebnekaise 2,111 m
Environment - current issues	acid rain damage to soils and lakes; pollution of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea
Environment - international agreements	party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	indigenous population: Swedes and Finnish and Sami minorities; foreign-born or first-generation immigrants: Finns, Yugoslavs, Danes, Norwegians, Greeks, Turks
Exchange rates	Swedish kronor per US dollar - 7.3489 (2004), 8.0863 (2003), 9.7371 (2002), 10.3291 (2001), 9.1622 (2000)
Executive branch	chief of state: King CARL XVI GUSTAF (since 19 September 1973); Heir Apparent Princess VICTORIA Ingrid Alice Desiree, daughter of the monarch (born 14 July 1977) head of government: Prime Minister Goran PERSSON (since 21 March 1996) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime minister elections: the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the prime minister is elected by the parliament; election last held 15 September 2002 (next to be held NA September 2006) election results: Goran PERSSON reelected prime minister with 131 out of 349 votes
Exports	14.8 billion kWh (2002)
Exports	$121.7 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Exports	0 cu m (2001 est.)
Exports	203,700 bbl/day (2001)
Exports - commodities	machinery 35%, motor vehicles, paper products, pulp and wood, iron and steel products, chemicals
Exports - partners	US 10.7%, Germany 10.2%, Norway 8.6%, UK 7.8%, Denmark 6.7%, Finland 5.7%, France 4.8%, Netherlands 4.8%, Belgium 4.5% (2004)
Fiscal year	calendar year
Flag description	blue with a golden yellow cross extending to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 2% industry: 29% services: 69% (2001)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $28,400 (2004 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	3.6% (2004 est.)
Geographic coordinates	62 00 N, 15 00 E
Geography - note	strategic location along Danish Straits linking Baltic and North Seas
Heliports	2 (2004 est.)
Highways	total: 213,237 km paved: 167,604 km (including 1,542 km of expressways) unpaved: 45,633 km (2002)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: 3.7% highest 10%: 20.1% (1992)
Imports	20.1 billion kWh (2002)
Imports	$97.97 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Imports	968 million cu m (2001 est.)
Imports	553,100 bbl/day (2001)
Imports - commodities	machinery, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, motor vehicles, iron and steel; foodstuffs, clothing
Imports - partners	Germany 18.7%, Denmark 9.2%, Norway 7.6%, UK 7.5%, Netherlands 6.8%, Finland 6.4%, France 5.5%, Belgium 4% (2004)
Independence	6 June 1523 (Gustav VASA elected king)
Industrial production growth rate	5.5% (2004 est.)
Industries	iron and steel, precision equipment (bearings, radio and telephone parts, armaments), wood pulp and paper products, processed foods, motor vehicles
Infant mortality rate	total: 2.77 deaths/1,000 live births male: 2.93 deaths/1,000 live births female: 2.59 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	0.7% (2004 est.)
International organization participation	AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 6, G- 9, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, MONUC, NAM (guest), NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNMISET, UNMOGIP, UNOMIG, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WEU (observer), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Irrigated land	1,150 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Supreme Court or Hogsta Domstolen (judges are appointed by the prime minister and the cabinet)
Labor force	4.46 million (2004 est.)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 2%, industry 24%, services 74% (2000 est.)
Land boundaries	total: 2,233 km border countries: Finland 614 km, Norway 1,619 km
Land use	arable land: 6.54% permanent crops: 0.01% other: 93.45% (2001)
Languages	Swedish, small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities
Legal system	civil law system influenced by customary law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Legislative branch	unicameral Parliament or Riksdag (349 seats; members are elected by popular vote on a proportional representation basis to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 15 September 2002 (next to be held September 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - Social Democrats 39.8%, Moderates 15.2%, Liberal Party 13.3%, Christian Democrats 9.1%, Left Party 8.3%, Center Party 6.1%, Greens 4.6%; seats by party - Social Democrats 144, Moderates 55, Liberal Party 48, Christian Democrats 33, Left Party 30, Center Party 22, Greens 17
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 80.4 years male: 78.19 years female: 82.74 years (2005 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99% (1979 est.) male: NA% female: NA%
Location	Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, Kattegat, and Skagerrak, between Finland and Norway
Map references	Europe
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm (adjustments made to return a portion of straits to high seas) exclusive economic zone: agreed boundaries or midlines continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Merchant marine	total: 205 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 2,702,763 GRT/1,884,570 DWT by type: bulk carrier 6, cargo 33, chemical tanker 51, passenger 4, passenger/cargo 37, petroleum tanker 14, roll on/roll off 37, specialized tanker 1, vehicle carrier 22 foreign-owned: 42 (Belgium 2, Denmark 4, Finland 11, Germany 6, Italy 7, Japan 2, Netherlands 1, Norway 9) registered in other countries: 155 (2005)
Military branches	Army, Royal Swedish Navy (RSwN), Air Force (Flygvapnet)
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$5.729 billion (2004)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	1.7% (2004)
National holiday	Flag Day, 6 June
Nationality	noun: Swede(s) adjective: Swedish
Natural hazards	ice floes in the surrounding waters, especially in the Gulf of Bothnia, can interfere with maritime traffic
Natural resources	iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, gold, silver, tungsten, uranium, arsenic, feldspar, timber, hydropower
Net migration rate	1.67 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Pipelines	gas 798 km (2004)
Political parties and leaders	Center Party [Maud OLOFSSON]; Christian Democratic Party [Goran HAGGLUND]; Green Party [no formal leader but party spokespersons are Maria WETTERSTRAND and Peter ERIKSSON]; Left Party or V (formerly Communist) [Lars OHLY]; Liberal People's Party [Lars LEIJONBORG]; Moderate Party (conservative) [Fredrik REINFELDT]; Social Democratic Party [Goran PERSSON]
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA
Population	9,001,774 (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA
Population growth rate	0.17% (2005 est.)
Ports and harbors	Goteborg, Helsingborg, Karlshamn, Lulea, Malmo, Oxelosund, Stenungsund, Stockholm, Trelleborg
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 265, shortwave 1 (1998)
Railways	total: 11,481 km standard gauge: 11,481 km 1.435-m gauge (9,400 km electrified) (2004)
Religions	Lutheran 87%, Roman Catholic, Orthodox, Baptist, Muslim, Jewish, Buddhist
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: excellent domestic and international facilities; automatic system domestic: coaxial and multiconductor cables carry most of the voice traffic; parallel microwave radio relay systems carry some additional telephone channels international: country code - 46; 5 submarine coaxial cables; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Eutelsat, and 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Sweden shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, and Norway)
Telephones - main lines in use	6,579,200 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular	7.949 million (2002)
Television broadcast stations	169 (plus 1,299 repeaters) (1995)
Terrain	mostly flat or gently rolling lowlands; mountains in west
Total fertility rate	1.66 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate	5.6% (2004 est.)

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