Syria (2004)
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Syria 2004 roku
 | Syria (2001) (porownaj) |
 | Syria (2002) (porownaj) |
 | Syria (2003) (porownaj) |
 | Syria (2005) (porownaj) |
 | Syria (2006) (porownaj) |
 | Syria (2007) (porownaj) |
| Syria (2008) (porownaj) |
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Syria 2004 roku
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| Podzial administracyjny | 14 provinces (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Al Hasakah, Al Ladhiqiyah, Al Qunaytirah, Ar Raqqah, As Suwayda', Dar'a, Dayr az Zawr, Dimashq, Halab, Hamah, Hims, Idlib, Rif Dimashq, Tartus |
| Struktura wiekowa | 0-14 years: 38% (male 3,524,406; female 3,319,323)
15-64 years: 58.7% (male 5,421,133; female 5,163,669) 65 years and over: 3.3% (male 281,795; female 306,548) (2004 est.) |
| Rolinictwo | wheat, barley, cotton, lentils, chickpeas, olives, sugar beets; beef, mutton, eggs, poultry, milk |
| Lotniska | 93 (2003 est.) |
| Lotniska z utwardzonymi pasami | total: 26
over 3,047 m: 5 2,438 to 3,047 m: 16 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.) |
| Lotniska z nieutwardzonymi pasami | total: 66
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 10 under 914 m: 54 (2004 est.) |
| Terytorium | total: 185,180 sq km
land: 184,050 sq km water: 1,130 sq km note: includes 1,295 sq km of Izraeli-occupied territory |
| Terytorium - porownanie wielkosci | slightly larger than North Dakota |
| Tlo historyczne | Following the breakup of the Ottoman Empire during Swiat War I, Syria was administered by the French until independence w 1946. In the 1967 Arab-Izraeli War, Syria lost the Golan Heights to Izrael. Since 1976, Syrian troops have been stationed w Liban, ostensibly w a peacekeeping capacity. Over the past decade, Syria and Izrael have held occasional peace talks over the return of the Golan Heights. |
| Wspolczynnik narodzin | 28.93 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
| Budzet | revenues: $6.106 billion
expenditures: $7.397 billion, including capital expenditures of $3.6 billion (2003 est.) |
| Stolica | Damascus |
| Klimat | mostly desert; hot, dry, sunny summers (czerwiec to sierpien) and mild, rainy winters (grudzien to luty) along coast; cold weather z snow or sleet periodically w Damascus |
| Linia brzegowa | 193 km |
| Konstytucja | 13 marzec 1973 |
| Nazwa panstwa | conventional long form: Syrian Arab Republic
conventional short form: Syria local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Arabiyah as Suriyah local short form: Suriyah former: United Arab Republic (with Egipt) |
| Waluta | Syrian pound (SYP) |
| Wspolczynnik zgonow | 4.96 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
| Zadluzenie - zewnetrzne | $21.55 billion (2003 est.) |
| Reprezentacja dyplomatyczna ze strony USA | chief of mission: Ambassador Margaret SCOBEY
embassy: Abou Roumaneh, Al-Mansur Street, No. 2, Damascus mailing address: P. O. Box 29, Damascus telephone: [963] (11) 333-1342 FAX: [963] (11) 331-9678 |
| Reprezentacja dyplomatyczna w USA | chief of mission: Ambassador Imad MUSTAFA
chancery: 2215 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 232-6313 FAX: [1] (202) 234-9548 |
| Miedzynarodowe dyskusje | Golan Heights is Izraeli-occupied; Liban claims Shaba'a farms w Golan Heights; Syrian troops have been stationed w Liban since pazdziernik 1976; Syria protests Turkish hydrological projects regulating upper Euphrates waters; settled border dispute z Jordania w 2004 |
| Ekonomiczna pomoc - pobieranie | $199 million (1997 est.) |
| Ekonomia | Syria's predominantly statist economy lately has been growing more slowly than its 2.4% annual population growth rate. Recent legislation allows private banks to operate w Syria, although a private banking sector will take years and further government cooperation to develop. Factors, including the war between the US-led coalition and Irak, probably drove real annual Produkt krajowy brutto growth levels back below 1% w 2003 following growth of 3.5% w 2001 and 4.5% w 2002. A long-run economic constraint is the pressure on water supplies caused by rapid population growth, industrial expansion, and increased water pollution. |
| Elektrycznosc - konsumpcja | 21.63 billion kWh (2001) |
| Elektrycznosc - eksport | 0 kWh (2001) |
| Elektrycznosc - import | 0 kWh (2001) |
| Elektrycznosc - produkcja | 23.26 billion kWh (2001) |
| Skrajne punkty wysokosci | lowest point: unnamed location near Lake Tiberias -200 m
highest point: Mount Hermon 2,814 m |
| Srodowisko - obecne problemy | deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; water pollution from raw sewage and petroleum refining wastes; inadequate potable water |
| Srodowisko - miedzynarodowe umowy | party to: Biodiversity, Klimat Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification |
| Grupy etniczne | Arab 90.3%, Kurds, Armenians, and other 9.7% |
| Kurs waluty | Syrian pounds per US dollar - (Official rate): 11.225 (2003), 11.225 (2002), 11.225 (2001), 11.225 (2000), 11.225 (1999), (Free market rate): 49.65 (2001), 49.4 (2000), 51.7 (1999) |
| Wladza wykonawcza | chief of state: President Bashar al-ASAD (since 17 lipiec 2000); Vice Presidents Abd al-Halim ibn Said KHADDAM (since 11 marzec 1984) and Muhammad Zuhayr MASHARIQA (since 11 marzec 1984)
head of government: Prime Minister Muhammad Naji al-UTRI (since 10 wrzesien 2003) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president elections: president elected by popular vote dla a seven-year term; referendum/election last held 10 lipiec 2000 - after the death of President Hafiz al-ASAD, father of Bashar al-ASAD - (next to be held 2007); vice presidents appointed by the president; prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president election results: Bashar al-ASAD elected president; percent of vote - Bashar al-ASAD 97.29% note: Hafiz al-ASAD died on 10 czerwiec 2000; on 20 czerwiec 2000, the Ba'th Party nominated Bashar al-ASAD dla president and presented his name to the People's Council on 25 czerwiec 2000 |
| Eksport | 0 kWh (2001) |
| Eksport | $5.143 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.) |
| Eksport | 0 cu m (2001 est.) |
| Eksport | NA (2001) |
| Eksport - towary | crude oil, petroleum products, fruits and vegetables, cotton fiber, clothing, meat and live animals, wheat |
| Eksport - partnerzy | Niemcy 20.9%, Wlochy 12.6%, UAE 7.6%, Liban 6.2%, Turcja 6%, Francja 5.4%, Chorwacja 4.8%, US 4.1% (2003) |
| Rok podatkowy | rok kalendarzowy |
| Opis flagi | three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black, colors associated z the Arab Liberation flag; two small green five-pointed stars w a horizontal line centered w the white band; former flag of the United Arab Republic where the two stars represented the constituent states of Syria and Egipt; similar to the flag of Jemen, which has a plain white band, Irak, which has three green stars (plus an Arabic inscription) w a horizontal line centered w the white band, and that of Egipt, which has a gold Eagle of Saladin centered w the white band; the current design dates to 1980 |
| Produkt krajowy brutto | purchasing power parity - $58.01 billion (2003 est.) |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - podzial wg galezi przemyslu | agriculture: 28.5%
industry: 29.4% services: 42.1% (2003 est.) |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - per capita | purchasing power parity - $3,300 (2003 est.) |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - realny wspolczynnik wzrostu | 0.9% (2003 est.) |
| Koordynaty geograficzne | 35 00 N, 38 00 E |
| Polozenie geograficzne | there are 42 Izraeli settlements and civilian land use sites w the Izraeli-occupied Golan Heights (luty 2002 est.) |
| Ladowiska helikopterow | 7 (2003 est.) |
| Autostrady | total: 43,381 km
paved: 10,021 km (including 877 km of expressways) unpaved: 33,360 km (1999) |
| Domowy dochód albo konsumpcja wg podzialu procentowego | lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA |
| Narkotyki | a transit point dla opiates and hashish bound dla regional and Western markets; weak anti-money-laundering controls, bank privatization may leave it vulnerable to money-laundering |
| Import | 0 kWh (2001) |
| Import | $4.845 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.) |
| Import | 0 cu m (2001 est.) |
| Import | NA (2001) |
| Import - towary | machinery and transport equipment, electric power machinery, food and livestock, metal and metal products, chemicals and chemical products, plastics, yarn, paper |
| Import - partnerzy | Niemcy 7.2%, Wlochy 7.1%, Chiny 6.3%, Francja 5.9%, Turcja 5.4% (2003) |
| Niepodleglosc | 17 kwiecien 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under French administration) |
| Wspolczynnik wzrostu produkcji w przemysle | NA |
| Przemysl | petroleum, textiles, food processing, beverages, tobacco, phosphate rock mining |
| Wspolczynnik umieralnosci noworodkow | total: 30.6 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 30.82 deaths/1,000 live births female: 30.35 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.) |
| Inflacja | 1.5% (2003 est.) |
| Czlonek miedzynarodowych organizacji | ABEDA, AFESD, AMF, CAEU, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNRWA, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO |
| Nawadniane tereny | 12,130 sq km (1998 est.) |
| Sadownictwo | Supreme Konstytucjaal Court (justices are appointed dla four-year terms by the president); High Judicial Council; Court of Cassation; State Security Courts |
| Sila robocza | 4.97 million (2003 est.) |
| Sila robocza - wg galezi gospodarki | agriculture, industry, services NA |
| Granica | total: 2,253 km
border countries: Irak 605 km, Izrael 76 km, Jordania 375 km, Liban 375 km, Turcja 822 km |
| Zagospodarowanie terenu | arable land: 25.22%
permanent crops: 4.43% other: 70.35% (2001) |
| Jezyki | Arabic (official); Kurdish, Armenian, Aramaic, Circassian widely understood; French, English somewhat understood |
| System prawny | based on Islamic law and civil law system; special religious courts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
| Wladza ustawodawcza | unicameral People's Council or Majlis al-shaab (250 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 2-3 marzec 2003 (next to be held NA 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - NPF 67%, independents 33%; seats by party - NPF 167, independents 83; note - the constitution guarantees that the Ba'th Party (part of the NPF alliance) receives one-half of the seats |
| Zywotnosc | total population: 69.71 years
male: 68.47 years female: 71.02 years (2004 est.) |
| Pismienni | definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 76.9% male: 89.7% female: 64% (2003 est.) |
| Lokalizacja | Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Liban and Turcja |
| Lokalizacja na mapie | Middle East |
| Morskie obszary | territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 41 nm |
| Flota handlowa | total: 122 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 446,981 GRT/636,620 DWT
by type: bulk 12, cargo 101, container 2, livestock carrier 4, petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 1 foreign-owned: Egipt 1, Niemcy 1, Grecja 1, Wlochy 1, Liban 10, Rumunia 1 registered w other countries: 83 (2004 est.) |
| Wojsko | Syrian Arab Army, Syrian Arab Navy, Syrian Arab Air Force (including Air Defense Command), Police and Security Force |
| Wojska - wydatki (w dolarach) | $858 million (FY00 est.); note - based on official budget data that may understate actual spending |
| Wojsko - wydatki (procent PKB) | 5.9% (FY00) |
| Wojsko - zasoby ludzkie (w wieku poborowym) | males age 15-49: 4,876,040 (2004 est.) |
| Wojsko - zasoby ludzkie (zdolni do sluzby wojskowej) | males age 15-49: 2,716,054 (2004 est.) |
| Wojsko - zasoby ludzkie (osoby osiagajace wiek poborowy w ciagu roku) | males: 216,077 (2004 est.) |
| Swieto narodowe | Niepodleglosc Day, 17 kwiecien (1946) |
| Narodowosc | noun: Syrian(s)
adjective: Syrian |
| Naturalne zagrozenia | dust storms, sandstorms |
| Surowce naturalne | petroleum, phosphates, chrome and manganese ores, asphalt, iron ore, rock salt, marble, gypsum, hydropower |
| Wspolczynnik migracji | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
| Rurociagi | gas 2,300 km; oil 2,183 km (2004) |
| Partie polityczne i przywodcy | National Progressive Front or NPF (includes Arab Socialist Renaissance (Ba'th) Party; the governing party) [President Bashar al-ASAD, secretary general]; Socialist Unionist Democratic Party [Fadlallal Nasr Al-DIN]; Syrian Communist Party (two branches) [Wissal Farha BAKDASH, Yuusuf Rashid FAYSAL]; Unionist Socialist Party [Fayez ISMAIL]; Arab Socialist Unionist Movement [Ahmed al-AHMED]; Syrian Arab Socialist Party or ASP [Safwan QUDSI]); Syrian Social National Party [Jubran URAYJI] |
| Przesladowania polityczne ugrupowan oraz liderow | conservative religious leaders; Kurdish Democratic Alliance [leader NA]; Kurdish Democratic Front [lader NA]; Muslim Brotherhood (operates w exile w London) [Ali Badr Eddine al-BAYANOUNI]; National Democratic Front [Hassan Abd al-AZIM] |
| Ludnosc | 18,016,874
note: w addition, about 40,000 people live w the Izraeli-occupied Golan Heights - 20,000 Arabs (18,000 Druze and 2,000 Alawites) and about 20,000 Izraeli settlers (lipiec 2004 est.) |
| Ludnosc zyjaca na skraju ubostwa | 20% (2003 est.) |
| Przyrost naturalny | 2.4% (2004 est.) |
| Porty i stocznie | Baniyas, Jablah, Latakia, Tartus |
| Stacje radiowe | AM 14, FM 2, shortwave 1 (1998) |
| Linie kolejowe | total: 2,711 km
standard gauge: 2,460 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 251 km 1.050-m gauge (2003) |
| Religie | Sunni Muslim 74%, Alawite, Druze, and other Muslim sects 16%, Christian (various sects) 10%, Jewish (tiny communities w Damascus, Al Qamishli, and Aleppo) |
| Wspolczynnik plci | at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.92 male(s)/female total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2004 est.) |
| Prawo wyborcze | 18 years of age; universal |
| System telefoniczny | general assessment: fair system currently undergoing significant improvement and digital upgrades, including fiber-optic technology
domestic: coaxial cable and microwave radio relay network international: country code - 963; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Ocean Indyjski) and 1 Intersputnik (Ocean Atlantycki region); 1 submarine cable; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Irak, Jordania, Liban, and Turcja; participant w Medarabtel |
| Telefony - wykorzystywane linie telefoniczne | 2,099,300 (2002) |
| Telefony komorkowe | 400,000 (2002) |
| Stacje telewizyjne | 44 (plus 17 repeaters) (1995) |
| Uksztaltowanie terenu | primarily semiarid and desert plateau; narrow coastal plain; mountains w west |
| Wspolczynnik nardzin przypadajacy na kobiety | 3.61 children born/woman (2004 est.) |
| Wspolczynnik bezrobocia | 20% (2002 est.) |
| Drogi wodne | 900 km (not economically significant) (2002) |
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