Syria (2001)
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Syria 2001 roku
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Syria 2001 roku
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| Podzial administracyjny | 14 provinces (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Al Hasakah, Al Ladhiqiyah, Al Qunaytirah, Ar Raqqah, As Suwayda', Dar'a, Dayr az Zawr, Dimashq, Halab, Hamah, Hims, Idlib, Rif Dimashq, Tartus |
| Struktura wiekowa | 0-14 years:
39.92% (male 3,440,060; female 3,238,576) 15-64 years: 56.87% (male 4,868,816; female 4,644,870) 65 years and over: 3.21% (male 261,036; female 275,450) (2001 est.) |
| Rolinictwo | wheat, barley, cotton, lentils, chickpeas, olives, sugar beets; beef, mutton, eggs, poultry, milk |
| Lotniska | 100 (2000 est.) |
| Lotniska z utwardzonymi pasami | total:
24 over 3,047 m: 5 2,438 to 3,047 m: 16 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 2 (2000 est.) |
| Lotniska z nieutwardzonymi pasami | total:
76 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 11 under 914 m: 63 (2000 est.) |
| Terytorium | total:
185,180 sq km land: 184,050 sq km water: 1,130 sq km note: includes 1,295 sq km of Izraeli-occupied territory |
| Terytorium - porownanie wielkosci | slightly larger than North Dakota |
| Tlo historyczne | Following the breakup of the Ottoman Empire during Swiat War I, Syria was administered by the French until independence w 1946. In the 1967 Arab-Izraeli War, Syria lost the Golan Heights to Izrael. Since 1976, Syrian troops have been stationed w Liban, ostensibly w a peacekeeping capacity. In recent years, Syria and Izrael have held occasional peace talks over the return of the Golan Heights. |
| Wspolczynnik narodzin | 30.64 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Budzet | revenues:
$2.25 billion expenditures: $5.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.) |
| Stolica | Damascus |
| Klimat | mostly desert; hot, dry, sunny summers (czerwiec to sierpien) and mild, rainy winters (grudzien to luty) along coast; cold weather z snow or sleet periodically hitting Damascus |
| Linia brzegowa | 193 km |
| Konstytucja | 13 marzec 1973 |
| Nazwa panstwa | conventional long form:
Syrian Arab Republic conventional short form: Syria local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Arabiyah as Suriyah local short form: Suriyah former: United Arab Republic (with Egipt) |
| Waluta | Syrian pound (SYP) |
| Wspolczynnik zgonow | 5.21 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Zadluzenie - zewnetrzne | $22 billion (2000 est.) |
| Reprezentacja dyplomatyczna ze strony USA | chief of mission:
Ambassador Ryan C. CROCKER embassy: Abou Roumaneh, Al-Mansur Street, No. 2, Damascus mailing address: P. O. Box 29, Damascus telephone: [963] (11) 333-2814 FAX: [963] (11) 224-7938 |
| Reprezentacja dyplomatyczna w USA | chief of mission:
Ambassador Rustum al-ZU'BI chancery: 2215 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 232-6313 FAX: [1] (202) 234-9548 |
| Miedzynarodowe dyskusje | Golan Heights is Izraeli occupied; dispute z upstream riparian Turcja over Turkish water development plans dla the Tigris and Euphrates rivers; Syrian troops w northern, central, and eastern Liban since pazdziernik 1976 |
| Ekonomiczna pomoc - pobieranie | $199 million (1997 est.) |
| Ekonomia | Syria's predominantly statist economy is on a shaky footing because of Damascus's failure to implement extensive economic reform. The dominant agricultural sector remains underdeveloped, z roughly 80% of agricultural land still dependent on rain-fed sources. Although Syria has sufficient water supplies w the aggregate at normal levels of precipitation, the great distance between major water supplies and population centers poses serious distribution problems. The water problem is exacerbated by rapid population growth, industrial expansion, and increased water pollution. Private investment is critical to the modernization of the agricultural, energy, and export sectors. Oil production is leveling off, and the efforts of the nonoil sector to penetrate international markets have fallen short. Syria's inadequate infrastructure, outmoded technological base, and weak educational system make it vulnerable to future shocks and hamper competition z neighbors such as Jordania and Izrael. The government recognizes the need to open the economy to additional domestic and foreign investment. |
| Elektrycznosc - konsumpcja | 16.684 billion kWh (1999) |
| Elektrycznosc - eksport | 0 kWh (1999) |
| Elektrycznosc - import | 0 kWh (1999) |
| Elektrycznosc - produkcja | 17.94 billion kWh (1999) |
| Elektrycznosc - zrodla energii | fossil fuel:
57.64% hydro: 42.36% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999) |
| Skrajne punkty wysokosci | lowest point:
unnamed location near Lake Tiberias -200 m highest point: Mount Hermon 2,814 m |
| Srodowisko - obecne problemy | deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; water pollution from dumping of raw sewage and wastes from petroleum refining; inadequate supplies of potable water |
| Srodowisko - miedzynarodowe umowy | party to:
Biodiversity, Klimat Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification |
| Grupy etniczne | Arab 90.3%, Kurds, Armenians, and other 9.7% |
| Kurs waluty | Syrian pounds per US dollar - 46 (2000), 46 (1998), 41.9 (styczen 1997) |
| Wladza wykonawcza | chief of state:
President Bashar al-ASAD (since 17 lipiec 2000); Vice Presidents Abd al-Halim ibn Said KHADDAM (since 11 marzec 1984) and Muhammad Zuhayr MASHARIQA (since 11 marzec 1984) head of government: Prime Minister Muhammad Mustafa MIRU (since 13 marzec 2000), Deputy Prime Ministers Lt. Gen. Mustafa TALAS (since 11 marzec 1984), Khalid RA'D (since 13 marzec 2000), Muhammad NAJI 'UTRI (since 13 marzec 2000) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president elections: president elected by popular vote dla a seven-year term; referendum/election last held 10 lipiec 2000 - after the death of President Hafez al-ASAD, father of Bashar al-ASAD - (next to be held NA 2007); vice presidents appointed by the president; prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president election results: Bashar al-ASAD elected president; percent of vote - Bashar al-ASAD 97.29% note: Hafiz al-ASAD died 10 czerwiec 2000; 20 czerwiec 2000 the Ba'th Party nominated Bashar al-ASAD dla president and presented his name to the People's Council 25 czerwiec 2000 |
| Eksport | 0 kWh (1999) |
| Eksport | $4.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) |
| Eksport - towary | petroleum 65%, textiles 10%, manufactured goods 10%, fruits and vegetables 7%, raw cotton 5%, live sheep 2%, phosphates 1% (1998 est.) |
| Eksport - partnerzy | Niemcy 21%, Wlochy 12%, Francja 10%, Arabia Saudyjska 9%, Turcja 8% (1999 est.) |
| Rok podatkowy | rok kalendarzowy |
| Opis flagi | three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black, z two small green five-pointed stars w a horizontal line centered w the white band; similar to the flag of Jemen, which has a plain white band, and of Irak, which has three green stars (plus an Arabic inscription) w a horizontal line centered w the white band; also similar to the flag of Egipt, which has a heraldic eagle centered w the white band |
| Produkt krajowy brutto | purchasing power parity - $50.9 billion (2000 est.) |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - podzial wg galezi przemyslu | agriculture:
29% industry: 22% services: 49% (1997) |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - per capita | purchasing power parity - $3,100 (2000 est.) |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - realny wspolczynnik wzrostu | 3.5% (2000 est.) |
| Koordynaty geograficzne | 35 00 N, 38 00 E |
| Polozenie geograficzne | there are 42 Izraeli settlements and civilian land use sites w the Izraeli-occupied Golan Heights (sierpien 1999 est.) |
| Ladowiska helikopterow | 2 (2000 est.) |
| Autostrady | total:
41,451 km paved: 9,575 km (including 877 km of expressways) unpaved: 31,876 km (1997) |
| Domowy dochód albo konsumpcja wg podzialu procentowego | lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
| Narkotyki | a transit point dla opiates and hashish bound dla regional and Western markets |
| Import | 0 kWh (1999) |
| Import | $3.5 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) |
| Import - towary | machinery and equipment 23%, foodstuffs/animals 20%, metal and metal products 15%, textiles 10%, chemicals 10% (1998 est.) |
| Import - partnerzy | Francja 11%, Wlochy 8%, Niemcy 7%, Turcja 5%, Chiny 4% (1999 est.) |
| Niepodleglosc | 17 kwiecien 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under French administration) |
| Wspolczynnik wzrostu produkcji w przemysle | NA% |
| Przemysl | petroleum, textiles, food processing, beverages, tobacco, phosphate rock mining |
| Wspolczynnik umieralnosci noworodkow | 33.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) |
| Inflacja | 1.5% (2000 est.) |
| Czlonek miedzynarodowych organizacji | ABEDA, AFESD, AL, AMF, CAEU, CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNRWA, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WToO |
| Dostawcy internetu | 1 (2000) |
| Nawadniane tereny | 9,060 sq km (1993 est.) |
| Sadownictwo | Supreme Konstytucjaal Court (justices are appointed dla four-year terms by the president); High Judicial Council; Court of Cassation; State Security Courts |
| Sila robocza | 4.7 million (1998 est.) |
| Sila robocza - wg galezi gospodarki | agriculture 40%, industry 20%, services 40% (1996 est.) |
| Granica | total:
2,253 km border countries: Irak 605 km, Izrael 76 km, Jordania 375 km, Liban 375 km, Turcja 822 km |
| Zagospodarowanie terenu | arable land:
28% permanent crops: 4% permanent pastures: 43% forests and woodland: 3% other: 22% (1993 est.) |
| Jezyki | Arabic (official); Kurdish, Armenian, Aramaic, Circassian widely understood; French, English somewhat understood |
| System prawny | based on Islamic law and civil law system; special religious courts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
| Wladza ustawodawcza | unicameral People's Council or Majlis al-shaab (250 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 30 listopad-1 grudzien 1998 (next to be held NA 2002) election results: percent of vote by party - NPF 67%, non-NPF 33%; seats by party - NPF 167, independents 83; note - the constitution guarantees that the Ba'th Party (part of the NPF alliance) receive one-half of the seats |
| Zywotnosc | total population:
68.77 years male: 67.63 years female: 69.98 years (2001 est.) |
| Pismienni | definition:
age 15 and over can read and write total population: 70.8% male: 85.7% female: 55.8% (1997 est.) |
| Lokalizacja | Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Liban and Turcja |
| Lokalizacja na mapie | Middle East |
| Morskie obszary | contiguous zone:
41 NM territorial sea: 35 NM |
| Flota handlowa | total:
133 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 425,392 GRT/612,097 DWT ships by type: bulk 11, cargo 117, livestock carrier 4, roll on/roll off 1 (2000 est.) |
| Wojsko | Syrian Arab Army, Syrian Arab Navy, Syrian Arab Air Force, Syrian Arab Air Defense Forces, Police and Security Force |
| Wojska - wydatki (w dolarach) | $921 million (FY00 est.); note - based on official budget data that may understate actual spending |
| Wojsko - wydatki (procent PKB) | 5.9% (FY98) |
| Wojsko - zasoby ludzkie (w wieku poborowym) | males age 15-49:
4,384,528 (2001 est.) |
| Wojsko - zasoby ludzkie (zdolni do sluzby wojskowej) | males age 15-49:
2,448,630 (2001 est.) |
| Wojsko - zasoby ludzkie (wiek zolniezy) | 19 years of age |
| Wojsko - zasoby ludzkie (osoby osiagajace wiek poborowy w ciagu roku) | males:
200,859 (2001 est.) |
| Swieto narodowe | Niepodleglosc Day, 17 kwiecien (1946) |
| Narodowosc | noun:
Syrian(s) adjective: Syrian |
| Naturalne zagrozenia | dust storms, sandstorms |
| Surowce naturalne | petroleum, phosphates, chrome and manganese ores, asphalt, iron ore, rock salt, marble, gypsum, hydropower |
| Wspolczynnik migracji | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Rurociagi | crude oil 1,304 km; petroleum products 515 km |
| Partie polityczne i przywodcy | National Progressive Front or NPF (includes the Ba'th Party, ASU, Arab Socialist Party, Socialist Unionist Democratic Party, ASP, SCP) [President Bashar al-ASAD]; Arab Socialist Renaissance (Ba'th) Party (governing party) [Bashar al-ASAD, secretary general of the party, and chairman of the National Progressive Front after the death of Hafiz al-ASAD on 10 czerwiec 2000]; Arab Socialist Unionist Movement or ASU [Sami SOUFAN]; Arab Socialist Party [Abd al-Ghani KANNUT]; Socialist Unionist Democratic Party [Ahmad al-ASAD]; Syrian Arab Socialist Party or ASP [Safwan KOUDSI]; Syrian Communist Party or SCP [Yusuf FAYSAL] |
| Przesladowania polityczne ugrupowan oraz liderow | conservative religious leaders; Muslim Brotherhood (operates w exile w Jordania and Jemen); non-Ba'th parties have little effective political influence |
| Ludnosc | 16,728,808
note: in addition, there are about 38,200 people living w the Izraeli-occupied Golan Heights - 18,200 Arabs (16,500 Druze and 1,700 Alawites) and about 20,000 Izraeli settlers (lipiec 2001 est.) |
| Ludnosc zyjaca na skraju ubostwa | 15%-25% |
| Przyrost naturalny | 2.54% (2001 est.) |
| Porty i stocznie | Baniyas, Jablah, Latakia, Tartus |
| Stacje radiowe | AM 14, FM 2, shortwave 1 (1998) |
| Radia | 4.15 million (1997) |
| Linie kolejowe | total:
2,750 km standard gauge: 2,423 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 327 km 1.050-m gauge note: rail link between Syria and Irak replaced w 2000 (2000) |
| Religie | Sunni Muslim 74%, Alawite, Druze, and other Muslim sects 16%, Christian (various sects) 10%, Jewish (tiny communities w Damascus, Al Qamishli, and Aleppo) |
| Wspolczynnik plci | at birth:
1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.95 male(s)/female total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
| Prawo wyborcze | 18 years of age; universal |
| System telefoniczny | general assessment:
fair system currently undergoing significant improvement and digital upgrades, including fiber-optic technology domestic: coaxial cable and microwave radio relay network international: satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Ocean Indyjski) and 1 Intersputnik (Ocean Atlantycki region); 1 submarine cable; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Irak, Jordania, Liban, and Turcja; participant w Medarabtel |
| Telefony - wykorzystywane linie telefoniczne | 1.313 million (1997) |
| Telefony komorkowe | NA |
| Stacje telewizyjne | 44 (plus 17 repeaters) (1995) |
| Uksztaltowanie terenu | primarily semiarid and desert plateau; narrow coastal plain; mountains w west |
| Wspolczynnik nardzin przypadajacy na kobiety | 3.95 children born/woman (2001 est.) |
| Wspolczynnik bezrobocia | 20% (2000 est.) |
| Drogi wodne | 870 km (minimal economic importance) |
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