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Saint Helena (2002)

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Saint Helena 2002 year

 Saint Helena
Administrative divisions 1 administrative area and 2 dependencies*; Ascension*, Saint Helena, Tristan da Cunha*
Age structure 0-14 years: 18.8% (male 698; female 678)


15-64 years: 71.9% (male 2,727; female 2,531)


65 years and over: 9.3% (male 296; female 387) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products corn, potatoes, vegetables; timber; fish, crawfish (on Tristan da Cunha)
Airports 1 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways total: 1


over 3,047 m: 1 (2002)
Area total: 410 sq km


land: 410 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes St. Helena Island, Ascension, and the island group of Tristan da Cunha, which consists of Tristan da Cunha Island, Gough Island, Inaccessible Island, and the three Nightingale Islands
Area - comparative slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC
Background Uninhabited when first discovered by the Portuguese in 1502, Saint Helena was garrisoned by the British during the 17th century. It acquired fame as the place of Napoleon BONAPARTE's exile, from 1815 until his death in 1821, but its importance as a port of call declined after the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869. Ascension Island is the site of a US Air Force auxiliary airfield; Gough Island has a meteorological station.
Birth rate 13.26 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget revenues: $11.2 million


expenditures: $11 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY92)
Capital Jamestown
Climate Saint Helena - tropical; marine; mild, tempered by trade winds; Tristan da Cunha - temperate; marine, mild, tempered by trade winds (tends to be cooler than Saint Helena)
Coastline 60 km
Constitution 1 January 1989
Country name conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Saint Helena
Currency Saint Helenian pound (SHP)
Death rate 6.29 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external $NA
Dependency status overseas territory of the UK
Diplomatic representation from the US none (overseas territory of the UK)
Diplomatic representation in the US none (overseas territory of the UK)
Disputes - international none
Economic aid - recipient $12.6 million (1995); note - $5.3 million from UK (1997)
Economy - overview The economy depends largely on financial assistance from the UK, which amounted to about $5 million in 1997 or almost one-half of annual budgetary revenues. The local population earns income from fishing, the raising of livestock, and sales of handicrafts. Because there are few jobs, 25% of the work force has left to seek employment on Ascension Island, on the Falklands, and in the UK.
Electricity - consumption 4.65 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production 5 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Queen Mary's Peak on Tristan da Cunha 2,060 m
Environment - current issues NA
Ethnic groups African descent 50%, white 25%, Chinese 25%
Exchange rates Saint Helenian pounds per US dollar - 0.6981 (January 2002), 0.6944 (2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998), 0.6047 (1997); note - the Saint Helenian pound is at par with the British pound
Executive branch chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)


head of government: Governor and Commander in Chief David HOLLAMBY (since NA June 1999)


cabinet: Executive Council consists of the governor, two ex officio officers, and six elected members of the Legislative Council


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor is appointed by the monarch
Exports 0 kWh (2000)
Exports $704,000 f.o.b. (1995)
Exports - commodities fish (frozen, canned, and salt-dried skipjack, tuna), coffee, handicrafts
Exports - partners South Africa, UK
Fiscal year 1 April - 31 March
Flag description blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Saint Helenian shield centered on the outer half of the flag; the shield features a rocky coastline and three-masted sailing ship
GDP purchasing power parity - $18 million (1998 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $2,500 (1998 est.)
GDP - real growth rate NA%
Geographic coordinates 15 56 S, 5 42 W
Geography - note harbors at least 40 species of plants unknown anywhere else in the world; Ascension is a breeding ground for sea turtles and sooty terns
Highways total: 158 km (Saint Helena 118 km, Ascension 40 km, Tristan da Cunha 0 km)


paved: 138 km (Saint Helena 98km, Ascension 40 km, Tristan da Cunha 0 km)


unpaved: 20 km (Saint Helena 20 km, Ascension 0 km, Tristan da Cunha 0 km)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Imports 0 kWh (2000)
Imports $14.434 million c.i.f. (1995)
Imports - commodities food, beverages, tobacco, fuel oils, animal feed, building materials, motor vehicles and parts, machinery and parts
Imports - partners UK, South Africa
Independence none (overseas territory of the UK)
Industrial production growth rate NA%
Industries construction, crafts (furniture, lacework, fancy woodwork), fishing
Infant mortality rate 21.54 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 3.2% (1997 est.)
International organization participation ICFTU
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000)
Irrigated land NA sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Court; Magistrate's Court; Small Debts Court; Juvenile Court
Labor force 3,500


note: 1,200 work offshore (1998 est.)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture and fishing 6%, industry (mainly construction) 48%, services 46% (1987 est.)
Land boundaries 0 km
Land use arable land: 12.9%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 87.1% (1998 est.)
Languages English
Legal system NA
Legislative branch unicameral Legislative Council (16 seats, including the speaker, 3 ex officio and 12 elected members; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 27 June 2001 (next to be held NA June 2005)


election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 15
Life expectancy at birth total population: 77.2 years


male: 74.31 years


female: 80.23 years (2002 est.)
Literacy definition: age 20 and over can read and write


total population: 97%


male: 97%


female: 98% (1987 est.)
Location islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, about midway between South America and Africa
Map references Africa
Maritime claims exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine none (2002 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of the UK
National holiday Birthday of Queen ELIZABETH II, second Saturday in June (1926)
Nationality noun: Saint Helenian(s)


adjective: Saint Helenian
Natural hazards active volcanism on Tristan da Cunha
Natural resources fish
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Political parties and leaders none
Political pressure groups and leaders none
Population 7,317 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line NA%
Population growth rate 0.7% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors Georgetown (on Ascension), Jamestown
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios 3,000 (1997)
Railways 0 km
Religions Anglican (majority), Baptist, Seventh-Day Adventist, Roman Catholic
Sex ratio at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.08 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female


total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage NA years of age
Telephone system general assessment: can communicate worldwide


domestic: automatic network


international: HF radiotelephone from Saint Helena to Ascension which is a major coaxial submarine cable relay point between South Africa, Portugal, and UK ; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 2,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 0 (1997)
Television broadcast stations 0


note: television programs are received in St. Helena via satellite and distributed by cable (2002)
Terrain Saint Helena - rugged, volcanic; small scattered plateaus and plains


note: the other islands of the group have a volcanic origin
Total fertility rate 1.53 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate 14% (1998 est.)
Waterways none
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