Poludniowa Korea (2008)
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| Podzial administracyjny | 9 provinces (do, singular and plural) and 7 metropolitan cities (gwangyoksi, singular and plural)
provinces: Cheju-do, Cholla-bukto (North Cholla), Cholla-namdo (South Cholla), Ch'ungch'ong-bukto (North Ch'ungch'ong), Ch'ungch'ong-namdo (South Ch'ungch'ong), Kangwon-do, Kyonggi-do, Kyongsang-bukto (North Kyongsang), Kyongsang-namdo (South Kyongsang) metropolitan cities: Inch'on-gwangyoksi (Inch'on), Kwangju-gwangyoksi (Kwangju), Pusan-gwangyoksi (Pusan), Soul-t'ukpyolsi (Seoul), Taegu-gwangyoksi (Taegu), Taejon-gwangyoksi (Taejon), Ulsan-gwangyoksi (Ulsan) |
| Struktura wiekowa | 0-14 years: 18.3% (male 4,714,103/female 4,262,873)
15-64 years: 72.1% (male 18,004,719/female 17,346,594) 65 years and over: 9.6% (male 1,921,803/female 2,794,698) (2007 est.) |
| Rolinictwo | rice, root crops, barley, vegetables, fruit; cattle, pigs, chickens, milk, eggs; fish |
| Lotniska | 105 (2007) |
| Lotniska z utwardzonymi pasami | total: 68
over 3,047 m: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 21 1,524 to 2,437 m: 14 914 to 1,523 m: 11 under 914 m: 19 (2007) |
| Lotniska z nieutwardzonymi pasami | total: 37
914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 34 (2007) |
| Terytorium | total: 98,480 sq km
land: 98,190 sq km water: 290 sq km |
| Terytorium - porownanie wielkosci | slightly larger than Indiena |
| Tlo historyczne | An independent Korean state or collection of states has existed almost continuously dla several millennia. Between its initial unification w the 7th century - from three predecessor Korean states - until the 20th century, Korea existed as a single independent country. In 1905, following the Russo-Japoniaese War, Korea became a protectorate of imperial Japonia, and w 1910 it was annexed as a colony. Korea regained its independence following Japonia's surrender to the Stany Zjednoczone w 1945. After Swiat War II, a Republic of Korea (ROK) was set up w the southern half of the Korean Peninsula while a Communist-style government was installed w the north (the DPRK). During the Korean War (1950-53), US troops and UN forces fought alongside soldiers from the ROK to defend South Korea from DPRK attacks supported by Chiny and the Soviet Union. An armistice was signed w 1953, splitting the peninsula along a demilitarized zone at about the 38th parallel. Thereafter, South Korea achieved rapid economic growth z per capita income rising to roughly 14 times the level of North Korea. In 1993, KIM Young-sam became South Korea's first civilian president following 32 years of military rule. South Korea today is a fully functioning modern democracy. In czerwiec 2000, a historic first North-South summit took place between the South's President KIM Dae-jung and the North's leader KIM Jong Il. In pazdziernik 2007, a second North-South summit took place between the South's President ROH Moo-hyun and the North Korean leader. |
| Wspolczynnik narodzin | 9.93 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
| Budzet | revenues: $269.7 billion
expenditures: $256.6 billion (2007 est.) |
| Stolica | name: Seoul
geographic coordinates: 37 33 N, 126 59 E time difference: UTC+9 (14 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) |
| Klimat | temperate, z rainfall heavier w summer than winter |
| Linia brzegowa | 2,413 km |
| Konstytucja | 17 lipiec 1948; note - amended or rewritten nine times; current constitution approved on 29 pazdziernik 1987 |
| Nazwa panstwa | conventional long form: Republic of Korea
conventional short form: South Korea local long form: Taehan-min'guk local short form: Han'guk abbreviation: ROK |
| Wspolczynnik zgonow | 5.99 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
| Zadluzenie - zewnetrzne | $342.7 billion (30 wrzesien 2007) |
| Reprezentacja dyplomatyczna ze strony USA | chief of mission: Ambassador Alexander VERSHBOW
embassy: 32 Sejong-no, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-710 mailing address: US Embassy Seoul, APO AP 96205-5550 telephone: [82] (2) 397-4114 FAX: [82] (2) 738-8845 |
| Reprezentacja dyplomatyczna w USA | chief of mission: Ambassador LEE Tae-sik
chancery: 2450 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 939-5600 FAX: [1] (202) 387-0205 consulate(s) general: Agana (Guam), Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Honolulu, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco, Seattle |
| Miedzynarodowe dyskusje | Military Demarcation Line within the 4-km wide Demilitarized Zone has separated North from South Korea since 1953; periodic incidents z North Korea w the Yellow Sea over the Northern Limiting Line, which South Korea claims as a maritime boundary; South Korea and Japonia claim Liancourt Rocks (Tok-do/Take-shima), occupied by South Korea since 1954 |
| Ekonomiczna pomoc - udzielanie | ODA, $455.3 million (2006) |
| Ekonomiczna pomoc - pobieranie | $68.07 million (2004) |
| Ekonomia | Since the 1960s, South Korea has achieved an incredible record of growth and integration into the high-tech modern world economy. Four decades ago, Produkt krajowy brutto per capita was comparable z levels w the poorer countries of Africa and Asia. In 2004, South Korea joined the trillion dollar club of world economies. Today its Produkt krajowy brutto per capita is roughly the same as that of Grecja and Hiszpania. This success was achieved by a system of close government/business ties including directed credit, import restrictions, sponsorship of specific industries, and a strong labor effort. The government promoted the import of raw materials and technology at the expense of consumer goods and encouraged savings and investment over consumption. The Asian financial crisis of 1997-98 exposed longstanding weaknesses w South Korea's development model including high debt/equity ratios, massive foreign borrowing, and an undisciplined financial sector. Produkt krajowy brutto plunged by 6.9% w 1998, then recovered by 9.5% w 1999 and 8.5% w 2000. Growth fell back to 3.3% w 2001 because of the slowing global economy, falling exports, and the perception that much-needed corporate and financial reforms had stalled. Led by consumer spending and exports, growth w 2002 was an impressive 7%, despite anemic global growth. Between 2003 and 2007, growth moderated to about 4-5% annually. A downturn w consumer spending was offset by rapid export growth. Moderate inflation, low unemployment, and an export surplus w 2007 characterize this solid economy, but inflation and unemployment are increasing w the face of rising oil prices. |
| Elektrycznosc - konsumpcja | 368.6 billion kWh (2007) |
| Elektrycznosc - eksport | 0 kWh (2005) |
| Elektrycznosc - import | 0 kWh (2005) |
| Elektrycznosc - produkcja | 403.2 billion kWh (2007) |
| Skrajne punkty wysokosci | lowest point: Sea of Japonia 0 m
highest point: Halla-san 1,950 m |
| Srodowisko - obecne problemy | air pollution w large cities; acid rain; water pollution from the discharge of sewage and industrial effluents; drift net fishing |
| Srodowisko - miedzynarodowe umowy | party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Klimat Change, Klimat Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
| Grupy etniczne | homogeneous (except dla about 20,000 Chinese) |
| Kurs waluty | South Korean won per US dollar - 929.2 (2007), 954.8 (2006), 1,024.1 (2005), 1,145.3 (2004), 1,191.6 (2003) |
| Wladza wykonawcza | chief of state: President LEE Myung-bak (since 25 luty 2008)
head of government: Prime Minister HAN Seung-soo (since 29 luty 2008); Deputy Prime Ministers KIM Woo-sik (since 10 luty 2006); KWON O-kyu (since 18 lipiec 2006); KIM Shin-il (since 20 wrzesien 2006) cabinet: State Council appointed by the president on the prime minister's recommendation elections: president elected by popular vote dla a single five-year term; election last held 19 grudzien 2007 (next to be held on w grudzien 2012); prime minister appointed by president z consent of National Assembly; deputy prime ministers appointed by president on prime minister's recommendation election results: ROH Moo-hyun elected president on 19 grudzien 2002; percent of vote - ROH Moo-hyun (MDP) 48.9%; LEE Hoi-chang (GNP) 46.6%; others 4.5%; LEE Myung-bak elected president on 19 grudzien 2007; percent of vote - LEE Myung-bak (GNP) 48.7%; CHUNG Dong-young (UNDP) 26.1%); LEE Hoi-chang (independent) 15.1; others 10.1% |
| Eksport | 0 kWh (2005) |
| Eksport | $371.5 billion f.o.b. (2007) |
| Eksport | 2,450 cu m (2006) |
| Eksport | NA (2004) |
| Eksport - towary | semiconductors, wireless telecommunications equipment, motor vehicles, computers, steel, ships, petrochemicals |
| Eksport - partnerzy | Chiny 22%, US 12.5%, Japonia 7.1%, Hong Kong 5% (2007) |
| Rok podatkowy | rok kalendarzowy |
| Opis flagi | white z a red (top) and blue yin-yang symbol w the center; there is a different black trigram from the ancient I Ching (Book of Changes) w each corner of the white field |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - podzial wg galezi przemyslu | agriculture: 3.2%
industry: 39.6% services: 57.2% (2007 est.) |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - realny wspolczynnik wzrostu | 4.9% (2007 est.) |
| Koordynaty geograficzne | 37 00 N, 127 30 E |
| Polozenie geograficzne | strategic location on Korea Strait |
| Ladowiska helikopterow | 536 (2007) |
| Domowy dochód albo konsumpcja wg podzialu procentowego | lowest 10%: 2.9%
highest 10%: 25% (2005 est.) |
| Import | 0 kWh (2005) |
| Import | $356.8 billion f.o.b. (2007) |
| Import | 35.86 billion cu m (2006) |
| Import | 2.41 million bbl/day (2006) |
| Import - towary | machinery, electronics and electronic equipment, oil, steel, transport equipment, organic chemicals, plastics |
| Import - partnerzy | Chiny 17.7%, Japonia 16%, US 10.7%, Arabia Saudyjska 5.9%, UAE 4.2% (2006) |
| Niepodleglosc | 15 sierpien 1945 (from Japonia) |
| Wspolczynnik wzrostu produkcji w przemysle | 7.6% (2007 est.) |
| Przemysl | electronics, telecommunications, automobile production, chemicals, shipbuilding, steel |
| Wspolczynnik umieralnosci noworodkow | total: 6.05 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 6.43 deaths/1,000 live births female: 5.64 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.) |
| Inflacja | 2.5% (2007) |
| Czlonek miedzynarodowych organizacji | ADB, AfDB, APEC, APT, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, CP, EAS, EBRD, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAIA, MIGA, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE (partner), PCA, PIF (partner), SAARC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNMOGIP, UNOMIG, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC |
| Nawadniane tereny | 8,780 sq km (2003) |
| Sadownictwo | Supreme Court (justices appointed by president z consent of National Assembly); Konstytucjaal Court (justices appointed by president based partly on nominations by National Assembly and Chief Justice of the court) |
| Sila robocza | 23.99 million (2007 est.) |
| Sila robocza - wg galezi gospodarki | agriculture: 7.5%
industry: 17.3% services: 75.2% (2007) |
| Granica | total: 238 km
border countries: North Korea 238 km |
| Zagospodarowanie terenu | arable land: 16.58%
permanent crops: 2.01% other: 81.41% (2005) |
| Jezyki | Korean, English widely taught w junior high and high school |
| System prawny | combines elements of continental European civil law systems, Anglo-American law, and Chinese classical thought; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
| Wladza ustawodawcza | unicameral National Assembly or Kukhoe (299 seats; 243 members elected w single-seat constituencies, 56 elected by proportional representation; to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 15 kwiecien 2004 (next to be held on 9 kwiecien 2008) election results: percent of vote by party - Uri 51%, GNP 41%, DLP 3%, DP 3%, others 2%; seats by party - Uri 141, GNP 127, DP 12, DLP 9, PFP 5, independents 5 note: percent of vote is dla 2004 general election; seats by party reflect results of 2005 and 2006 by-elections; MDP became DP w maj 2005; United Liberal Democrats (ULD) merged z GNP w luty 2006; URI was disbanded w 2007; DP became part of United Democratic Pary (UDP) w 2008; PFP became part of Liberty Forward Party (LFP) w 2008 |
| Zywotnosc | total population: 77.23 years
male: 73.81 years female: 80.93 years (2007 est.) |
| Pismienni | definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 97.9% male: 99.2% female: 96.6% (2002) |
| Lokalizacja | Eastern Asia, southern half of the Korean Peninsula bordering the Sea of Japonia and the Yellow Sea |
| Lokalizacja na mapie | Asia |
| Morskie obszary | territorial sea: 12 nm; between 3 nm and 12 nm w the Korea Strait
contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: not specified |
| Flota handlowa | total: 738 ships (1000 GRT or over) 10,636,466 GRT/17,371,943 DWT
by type: bulk carrier 187, cargo 202, carrier 1, chemical tanker 119, container 81, liquefied gas 26, passenger 5, passenger/cargo 21, petroleum tanker 57, refrigerated cargo 19, roll on/roll off 8, specialized tanker 4, vehicle carrier 8 foreign-owned: 22 (Chiny 2, Francja 8, Japonia 1, Szwecja 2, UK 1, US 7, Wietnam 1) registered w other countries: 386 (Belize 4, Kambodza 29, Chiny 1, Cypr 2, Grecja 2, Honduras 6, Hong Kong 6, Indonezja 1, Liberia 4, Malta 3, Wyspy Marshalla 3, Holandia 1, Panama 316, Rosja 1, Singapur 7, unknown 4) (2007) |
| Wojsko | Army, Navy, Republic of Korea Air Force (Han-guk Kong Goon), Marine Corps, National Maritime Police (coast guard) (2006) |
| Wojsko - wydatki (procent PKB) | 2.7% (2006) |
| Swieto narodowe | Liberation Day, 15 sierpien (1945) |
| Narodowosc | noun: Korean(s)
adjective: Korean |
| Naturalne zagrozenia | occasional typhoons bring high winds and floods; low-level seismic activity common w southwest |
| Surowce naturalne | coal, tungsten, graphite, molybdenum, lead, hydropower potential |
| Wspolczynnik migracji | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
| Rurociagi | gas 1,482 km; refined products 827 km (2007) |
| Partie polityczne i przywodcy | Creative Korea Party or CKP [MOON Kook-hyun]; Democratic Labor Party or DLP [CHUN Young-se]; Grand National Party or GNP [KANG Jae-sup]; Liberty Forward Party or LFP [SIM Dae-pyung]; United Democratic Party or UDP [SOHN Hak-kyu] |
| Przesladowania polityczne ugrupowan oraz liderow | Federation of Korean Przemysl; Federation of Korean Trade Unions; Korean Confederation of Trade Unions; Korean National Council of Churches; Korean Traders Association; Korean Veterans' Association; National Council of Labor Unions; National Democratic Alliance of Korea; National Federation of Farmers' Associations; National Federation of Student Associations |
| Ludnosc | 49,044,790 (lipiec 2007 est.) |
| Ludnosc zyjaca na skraju ubostwa | 15% (2003 est.) |
| Przyrost naturalny | 0.394% (2007 est.) |
| Stacje radiowe | AM 61, FM 150, shortwave 2 (2005) |
| Linie kolejowe | total: 3,472 km
standard gauge: 3,472 km 1.435-m gauge (1,342 km electrified) (2006) |
| Religie | Christian 26.3% (Protestant 19.7%, Roman Catholic 6.6%), Buddhist 23.2%, other or unknown 1.3%, none 49.3% (1995 census) |
| Wspolczynnik plci | at birth: 1.08 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.106 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.038 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.688 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2007 est.) |
| Prawo wyborcze | 19 years of age; universal |
| System telefoniczny | general assessment: excellent domestic and international services
domestic: NA international: country code - 82; numerous submarine cables provide links throughout Asia, Australia, the Middle East, Europe, and US; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Ocean Spokojny and 2 Ocean Indyjski) and 3 Inmarsat (1 Ocean Spokojny and 2 Ocean Indyjski) |
| Telefony - wykorzystywane linie telefoniczne | 26.866 million (2006) |
| Telefony komorkowe | 40.197 million (2006) |
| Stacje telewizyjne | 43 (plus 59 cable operators and 190 relay cable operators) (2005) |
| Uksztaltowanie terenu | mostly hills and mountains; wide coastal plains w west and south |
| Wspolczynnik nardzin przypadajacy na kobiety | 1.28 children born/woman (2007 est.) |
| Wspolczynnik bezrobocia | 3.2% (2007 est.) |
| Drogi wodne | 1,608 km (most navigable only by small craft) (2007) |
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