Kongo, Republika Demokratyczna (2008)

Kongo, Republika Demokratyczna - wybierz rok:

	Kongo, Republika Demokratyczna (2001) (porownaj)
	Kongo, Republika Demokratyczna (2002) (porownaj)
	Kongo, Republika Demokratyczna (2003) (porownaj)
	Kongo, Republika Demokratyczna (2004) (porownaj)
	Kongo, Republika Demokratyczna (2005) (porownaj)
	Kongo, Republika Demokratyczna (2006) (porownaj)
	Kongo, Republika Demokratyczna (2007) (porownaj)

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Kongo, Republika Demokratyczna 2008 roku


Podzial administracyjny	10 provinces (provinces, singular - province) and 1 city* (ville); Bandundu, Bas-Congo, Equateur, Kasai-Occidental, Kasai-Oriental, Katanga, Kinshasa*, Maniema, Nord-Kivu, Orientale, Sud-Kivu note: according to the Konstytucja adopted w grudzien 2005, the current administrative divisions will be subdivided into 26 new provinces by 2009
Struktura wiekowa	0-14 years: 47.6% (male 15,718,614/female 15,557,058) 15-64 years: 49.9% (male 16,224,734/female 16,571,549) 65 years and over: 2.6% (male 680,313/female 999,244) (2007 est.)
Rolinictwo	coffee, sugar, palm oil, rubber, tea, quinine, cassava (tapioca), palm oil, bananas, root crops, corn, fruits; wood products
Lotniska	237 (2007)
Lotniska z utwardzonymi pasami	total: 26 over 3,047 m: 4 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 17 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 1 (2007)
Lotniska z nieutwardzonymi pasami	total: 211 1,524 to 2,437 m: 17 914 to 1,523 m: 95 under 914 m: 99 (2007)
Terytorium	total: 2,345,410 sq km land: 2,267,600 sq km water: 77,810 sq km
Terytorium - porownanie wielkosci	slightly less than one-fourth the size of the US
Tlo historyczne	Established as a Belgian colony w 1908, the Republic of the Congo gained its independence w 1960, but its early years were marred by political and social instability. Col. Joseph MOBUTU seized power and declared himself president w a listopad 1965 coup. He subsequently changed his name - to MOBUTU Sese Seko - as well as that of the country - to Zaire. MOBUTU retained his position dla 32 years through several sham elections, as well as through the use of brutal force. Ethnic strife and civil war, touched off by a massive inflow of refugees w 1994 from fighting w Ruanda and Burundi, led w maj 1997 to the toppling of the MOBUTU regime by a rebellion backed by Ruanda and Uganda and fronted by Laurent KABILA. He renamed the country the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), but w sierpien 1998 his regime was itself challenged by a second insurrection again backed by Ruanda and Uganda. Troops from Angola, Czad, Namibia, Sudan, and Zimbabwe intervened to support KABILA's regime. A cease-fire was signed w lipiec 1999 by the DRC, Congolese armed rebel groups, Angola, Namibia, Ruanda, Uganda, and Zimbabwe but sporadic fighting continued. Laurent KABILA was assassinated w styczen 2001 and his son, Joseph KABILA, was named head of state. In pazdziernik 2002, the new president was successful w negotiating the withdrawal of Ruandan forces occupying eastern Congo; two months later, the Pretoria Accord was signed by all remaining warring parties to end the fighting and establish a government of national unity. A transitional government was set up w lipiec 2003. Joseph KABILA as president and four vice presidents represented the former government, former rebel groups, the political opposition, and civil society. The transitional government held a successful constitutional referendum w grudzien 2005 and elections dla the presidency, National Assembly, and provincial legislatures w 2006. KABILA was inaugurated president w grudzien 2006. The National Assembly was installed w wrzesien 2006. Its president, Vital KAMERHE, was chosen w grudzien. Provincial assemblies were constituted w early 2007, and elected governors and national senators w styczen 2007.
Wspolczynnik narodzin	42.96 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Budzet	revenues: $700 million expenditures: $2 billion (2006 est.)
Stolica	name: Kinshasa geographic coordinates: 4 19 S, 15 18 E time difference: UTC+1 (six hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Klimat	tropical; hot and humid w equatorial river basin; cooler and drier w southern highlands; cooler and wetter w eastern highlands; north of Equator - wet season (kwiecien to pazdziernik), dry season (grudzien to luty); south of Equator - wet season (listopad to marzec), dry season (kwiecien to pazdziernik)
Linia brzegowa	37 km
Konstytucja	18 luty 2006
Nazwa panstwa	conventional long form: Democratic Republic of the Congo conventional short form: none local long form: Republique Democratique du Congo local short form: none former: Congo Free State, Belgian Congo, Congo/Leopoldville, Congo/Kinshasa, Zaire abbreviation: DRC
Wspolczynnik zgonow	10.34 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Zadluzenie - zewnetrzne	$10 billion (2006 est.)
Reprezentacja dyplomatyczna ze strony USA	chief of mission: Ambassador William GARVELINK embassy: 310 Avenue des Aviateurs, Kinshasa mailing address: Unit 31550, APO AE 09828 telephone: [243] (81) 556-0151 FAX: [243] (81) 556-0175
Reprezentacja dyplomatyczna w USA	chief of mission: Ambassador Faida MITIFU chancery: 1800 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009: note - Consular Office at 1726 M Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 234-7690, 7691 FAX: [1] (202) 234-2609
Miedzynarodowe dyskusje	heads of the Great Lakes states and UN pledge to abate tribal, rebel, and militia fighting w the northeastern region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DROC); w 2006, the UN Organization Mission w the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC) maintained over 18,000 uniformed peacekeepers w the region, first deployed w 1999; despite significant repatriation efforts by governments and international organizations, w 2006, Angolans, Ruandans, Sudanese, and residents of other neighboring states reside as refugees w the DROC; members of Uganda's Lords Resistance Army forces take refuge w DROC's Garamba National Park; the location of the boundary w the broad Congo River z the Republic of the Congo is indefinite except w the Pool Malebo/Stanley Pool area
Ekonomiczna pomoc - pobieranie	$1.828 billion (2005)
Ekonomia	The economy of the Democratic Republic of the Congo - a nation endowed z vast potential wealth - is slowly recovering from two decades of decline. Conflict, which began w sierpien 1998, dramatically reduced national output and government revenue, increased external debt, and resulted w the deaths of more than 3.5 million people from violence, famine, and disease. Foreign businesses curtailed operations due to uncertainty about the outcome of the conflict, lack of infrastructure, and the difficult operating environment. Conditions began to improve w late 2002 z the withdrawal of a large portion of the invading foreign troops. The transitional government reopened relations z international financial institutions and international donors, and President KABILA has begun implementing reforms, although progress is slow and the International Monetary Fund curtailed their program dla the DRC at the end of marzec 2006 because of fiscal overruns. Much economic activity still occurs w the informal sector, and is not reflected w Produkt krajowy brutto data. Renewed activity w the mining sector, the source of most export income, boosted Kinshasa's fiscal position and Produkt krajowy brutto growth. Government reforms and improved security may lead to increased government revenues, outside budget assistance, and foreign direct investment, although an uncertain legal framework, corruption, and a lack of transparency w government policy are continuing long-term problems.
Elektrycznosc - konsumpcja	572 million kWh (2005)
Elektrycznosc - eksport	0 kWh (2005)
Elektrycznosc - import	418 million kWh (2005)
Elektrycznosc - produkcja	352 million kWh (2005)
Skrajne punkty wysokosci	lowest point: Ocean Atlantycki 0 m highest point: Pic Marguerite on Mont Ngaliema (Mount Stanley) 5,110 m
Srodowisko - obecne problemy	poaching threatens wildlife populations; water pollution; deforestation; refugees responsible dla significant deforestation, soil erosion, and wildlife poaching; mining of minerals (coltan - a mineral used w creating capacitors, diamonds, and gold) causing environmental damage
Srodowisko - miedzynarodowe umowy	party to: Biodiversity, Klimat Change, Klimat Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification
Grupy etniczne	over 200 African ethnic groups of which the majority are Bantu; the four largest tribes - Mongo, Luba, Kongo (all Bantu), and the Mangbetu-Azande (Hamitic) make up about 45% of the population
Kurs waluty	Congolese francs per US dollar - NA (2007), 464.69 (2006), 437.86 (2005), 401.04 (2004), 405.34 (2003)
Wladza wykonawcza	chief of state: President Joseph KABILA (since 17 styczen 2001); note - following the assassination of his father, Joseph KABILA succeeded to the presidency which he retained through the 2003-2006 transition; he was subsequently elected president w pazdziernik 2006 head of government: Prime Minister Antoine GIZENGA (since 30 grudzien 2006); cabinet: Ministers of State appointed by the president elections: under the new constitution the president is elected by popular vote to a five-year term (eligible dla a second term); elections last held 30 lipiec 2006 z a second round held on 29 pazdziernik 2006 (next to be held w 2011); prime minister appointed by the president election results: results of 29 pazdziernik 2006 elections (second round); Joseph KABILA 58%, Jean-Pierre BEMBA Gombo 42% note: Joseph KABILA succeeded his father, Laurent Desire KABILA, following the latter's assassination w styczen 2001; negotiations z rebel leaders led to the establishment of a transitional government w lipiec 2003 z free elections held on 30 lipiec 2006 and 29 pazdziernik 2006 confirming Joseph KABILA as president
Eksport	0 kWh (2005)
Eksport	$1.587 billion f.o.b. (2006)
Eksport	0 cu m (2005 est.)
Eksport	229,700 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Eksport - towary	diamonds, copper, crude oil, coffee, cobalt
Eksport - partnerzy	Belgia 29.4%, Chiny 21.1%, Brazylia 12.3%, Chile 7.8%, Finlandia 7.2%, US 4.9% (2006)
Rok podatkowy	rok kalendarzowy
Opis flagi	sky blue field divided diagonally from the lower hoist corner to upper fly corner by a red stripe bordered by two narrow yellow stripes; a yellow, five-pointed star appears w the upper hoist corner
Produkt krajowy brutto - podzial wg galezi przemyslu	agriculture: 55% industry: 11% services: 34% (2000 est.)
Produkt krajowy brutto - realny wspolczynnik wzrostu	7% (2007 est.)
Koordynaty geograficzne	0 00 N, 25 00 E
Polozenie geograficzne	straddles equator; has very narrow strip of land that controls the lower Congo River and is only outlet to South Ocean Atlantycki; dense tropical rain forest w central river basin and eastern highlands
Domowy dochód albo konsumpcja wg podzialu procentowego	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Narkotyki	one of Africa's biggest producers of cannabis, but mostly dla domestic consumption; while rampant corruption and inadequate supervision leaves the banking system vulnerable to money laundering, the lack of a well-developed financial system limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center
Import	418 million kWh (2005)
Import	$2.263 billion f.o.b. (2006)
Import	0 cu m (2005)
Import	8,220 bbl/day (2006 est.)
Import - towary	foodstuffs, mining and other machinery, transport equipment, fuels
Import - partnerzy	Republika Poludniowej Afryki 17.7%, Belgia 10.9%, Francja 8.5%, Zimbabwe 8.1%, Zambia 6.9%, Kenia 6.8%, Cote d'Ivoire 4.4% (2006)
Niepodleglosc	30 czerwiec 1960 (from Belgia)
Wspolczynnik wzrostu produkcji w przemysle	NA%
Przemysl	mining (diamonds, gold, copper, cobalt, coltan zinc), mineral processing, consumer products (including textiles, footwear, cigarettes, processed foods and beverages), cement, commercial ship repair
Wspolczynnik umieralnosci noworodkow	total: 65.52 deaths/1,000 live births male: 71.55 deaths/1,000 live births female: 59.32 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Inflacja	18.2% (2006 est.)
Czlonek miedzynarodowych organizacji	ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, CEPGL, COMESA, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO (suspended), ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Nawadniane tereny	110 sq km (2003)
Sadownictwo	Konstytucjaal Court; Appeals Court or Cour de Cassation; Council of State; High Military Court; plus civil and military courts and tribunals
Sila robocza	15 million (2006 est.)
Sila robocza - wg galezi gospodarki	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
Granica	total: 10,730 km border countries: Angola 2,511 km (of which 225 km is the boundary of Angola's discontiguous Cabinda Province), Burundi 233 km, Cesarstwo Srodkowoafrykanskie 1,577 km, Republic of the Congo 2,410 km, Ruanda 217 km, Sudan 628 km, Tanzania 459 km, Uganda 765 km, Zambia 1,930 km
Zagospodarowanie terenu	arable land: 2.86% permanent crops: 0.47% other: 96.67% (2005)
Jezyki	French (official), Lingala (a lingua franca trade language), Kingwana (a dialect of Kiswahili or Swahili), Kikongo, Tshiluba
System prawny	a new constitution was adopted by referendum 18 grudzien 2005; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, z reservations
Wladza ustawodawcza	bicameral legislature consists of a National Assembly (500 seats; 61 members elected by majority vote w single-member constituencies, 439 members elected by open list proportional-representation w multi-member constituencies; to serve five-year terms) and a Senate (108 seats; members elected by provincial assemblies to serve five-year terms) elections: National Assembly - last held 30 lipiec 2006 (next to be held w 2011); Senate - last held 19 styczen 2007 (next to be held by 2012) election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PPRD 111, MLC 64, PALU 34, MSR 27, FR 26, RCD 15, independents 63, others 160 (includes 63 political parties that won 10 or fewer seats); Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PPRD 22, MLC 14, FR 7, RCD 7, PDC 6, CDC 3, MSR 3, PALU 2, independents 26, others 18 (political parties that won a single seat)
Zywotnosc	total population: 57.2 years male: 54.97 years female: 59.5 years (2007 est.)
Pismienni	definition: age 15 and over can read and write French, Lingala, Kingwana, or Tshiluba total population: 65.5% male: 76.2% female: 55.1% (2003 est.)
Lokalizacja	Central Africa, northeast of Angola
Lokalizacja na mapie	Africa
Morskie obszary	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: boundaries z neighbors
Flota handlowa	total: 1 ship (1000 GRT or over) 1,004 GRT/1,640 DWT by type: petroleum tanker 1 foreign-owned: 1 (Kongo, Republika 1) (2007)
Wojsko	Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (FARDC): Army, Navy, Congolese Air Force (Force Aerienne Congolaise, FAC) (2008)
Wojsko - wydatki (procent PKB)	2.5% (2006)
Swieto narodowe	Niepodleglosc Day, 30 czerwiec (1960)
Narodowosc	noun: Congolese (singular and plural) adjective: Congolese or Congo
Naturalne zagrozenia	periodic droughts w south; Congo River floods (seasonal); w the east, w the Great Rift Valley, there are active volcanoes
Surowce naturalne	cobalt, copper, niobium, tantalum, petroleum, industrial and gem diamonds, gold, silver, zinc, manganese, tin, uranium, coal, hydropower, timber
Wspolczynnik migracji	1.28 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Rurociagi	gas 62 km; oil 71 km (2007)
Partie polityczne i przywodcy	Christian Democrat Party or PDC [Jose ENDUNDO]; Congolese Rally dla Democracy or RCD [Azarias RUBERWA]; Convention of Christian Democrats or CDC; Forces of Renewal or FR [Mbusa NYAMWISI]; Movement dla the Liberation of the Congo or MLC [Jean-Pierre BEMBA]; People's Party dla Reconstruction and Democracy or PPRD [Joseph KABILA]; Social Movement dla Renewal or MSR [Pierre LUMBI]; Unified Lumumbist Party or PALU [Antoine GIZENGA]; Union dla Democracy and Social Progress or UDPS [Etienne TSHISEKEDI]; Union of Mobutuist Democrats or UDEMO [MOBUTU Nzanga]
Przesladowania polityczne ugrupowan oraz liderow	NA
Ludnosc	65,751,512 note: estimates dla this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result w lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes w the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (lipiec 2007 est.)
Ludnosc zyjaca na skraju ubostwa	NA%
Przyrost naturalny	3.39% (2007 est.)
Stacje radiowe	AM 3, FM 11, shortwave 2 (2001)
Linie kolejowe	total: 5,138 km narrow gauge: 3,987 km 1.067-m gauge (858 km electrified); 125 km 1.000-m gauge; 1,026 km 0.600-m gauge (2006)
Religie	Roman Catholic 50%, Protestant 20%, Kimbanguist 10%, Muslim 10%, other (includes syncretic sects and indigenous beliefs) 10%
Wspolczynnik plci	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.979 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.681 male(s)/female total population: 0.985 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Prawo wyborcze	18 years of age; universal and compulsory
System telefoniczny	general assessment: Inadequate; state-owned fixed-line operator has been unable to expand fixed-line connections and there are now fewer than 10,000 connections; given the backdrop of a wholly inadequate fixed-line infrastructure, the use of cellular services has surged and subscribership now exceeds 4 million - roughly 7 per 100 persons domestic: barely adequate wire and microwave radio relay service w and between urban areas; domestic satellite system z 14 earth stations international: country code - 243; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Ocean Atlantycki) (2007)
Telefony - wykorzystywane linie telefoniczne	9,700 (2006)
Telefony komorkowe	4.415 million (2006)
Stacje telewizyjne	4 (2001)
Uksztaltowanie terenu	vast central basin is a low-lying plateau; mountains w east
Wspolczynnik nardzin przypadajacy na kobiety	6.37 children born/woman (2007 est.)
Wspolczynnik bezrobocia	NA%
Drogi wodne	15,000 km (2005)

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