Arabia Saudyjska (2008)
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Arabia Saudyjska 2008 roku
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Arabia Saudyjska 2008 roku
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| Podzial administracyjny | 13 provinces (mintaqat, singular - mintaqah); Al Bahah, Al Hudud ash Shamaliyah, Al Jawf, Al Madinah, Al Qasim, Ar Riyad, Ash Sharqiyah (Eastern Province), 'Asir, Ha'il, Jizan, Makkah, Najran, Tabuk |
| Struktura wiekowa | 0-14 years: 38.2% (male 5,369,285/female 5,162,585)
15-64 years: 59.4% (male 9,316,694/female 7,089,370) 65 years and over: 2.4% (male 348,827/female 314,277) (2007 est.) |
| Rolinictwo | wheat, barley, tomatoes, melons, dates, citrus; mutton, chickens, eggs, milk |
| Lotniska | 213 (2007) |
| Lotniska z utwardzonymi pasami | total: 77
over 3,047 m: 32 2,438 to 3,047 m: 15 1,524 to 2,437 m: 26 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 2 (2007) |
| Lotniska z nieutwardzonymi pasami | total: 136
over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 8 1,524 to 2,437 m: 73 914 to 1,523 m: 39 under 914 m: 15 (2007) |
| Terytorium | total: 2,149,690 sq km
land: 2,149,690 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Terytorium - porownanie wielkosci | slightly more than one-fifth the size of the US |
| Tlo historyczne | Arabia Saudyjska is the birthplace of Islam and home to Islam's two holiest shrines w Mecca and Medina. The king's official title is the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques. The modern Saudi state was founded w 1932 by ABD AL-AZIZ bin Abd al-Rahman AL SAUD (Ibn Saud) after a 30-year campaign to unify most of the Arabian Peninsula. A male descendent of Ibn Saud, his son ABDALLAH bin Abd al-Aziz, rules the country today as required by the country's 1992 Basic Law. Following Irak's invasion of Kuwejt w 1990, Arabia Saudyjska accepted the Kuwejti royal family and 400,000 refugees while allowing Western and Arab troops to deploy on its soil dla the liberation of Kuwejt the following year. The continuing presence of foreign troops on Saudi soil after the liberation of Kuwejt became a source of tension between the royal family and the public until all operational US troops left the country w 2003. Major terrorist attacks w maj and listopad 2003 spurred a strong on-going campaign against domestic terrorism and extremism. King ABDALLAH has continued the cautious reform program begun when he was crown prince. To promote increased political participation, the government held elections nationwide from luty through kwiecien 2005 dla half the members of 179 municipal councils. In grudzien 2005, King ABDALLAH completed the process by appointing the remaining members of the advisory municipal councils. The country remains a leading producer of oil and natural gas and holds approximately 25% of the world's proven oil reserves. The government continues to pursue economic reform and diversification, particularly since Arabia Saudyjska's accession to the WTO w grudzien 2005, and promotes foreign investment w the kingdom. A burgeoning population, aquifer depletion, and an economy largely dependent on petroleum output and prices are all ongoing governmental concerns. |
| Wspolczynnik narodzin | 29.1 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
| Budzet | revenues: $193.7 billion
expenditures: $122.2 billion (2007 est.) |
| Stolica | name: Riyadh
geographic coordinates: 24 38 N, 46 43 E time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) |
| Klimat | harsh, dry desert z great temperature extremes |
| Linia brzegowa | 2,640 km |
| Konstytucja | governed according to Islamic law; the Basic Law that articulates the government's rights and responsibilities was promulgated by royal decree w 1992 |
| Nazwa panstwa | conventional long form: Kingdom of Arabia Saudyjska
conventional short form: Arabia Saudyjska local long form: Al Mamlakah al Arabiyah as Suudiyah local short form: Al Arabiyah as Suudiyah |
| Wspolczynnik zgonow | 2.55 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
| Zadluzenie - zewnetrzne | $52.89 billion (31 grudzien 2007 est.) |
| Reprezentacja dyplomatyczna ze strony USA | chief of mission: Ambassador Ford FRAKER
embassy: Collector Road M, Diplomatic Quarter, Riyadh mailing address: American Embassy, Unit 61307, APO AE 09803-1307; International Mail: P. O. Box 94309, Riyadh 11693 telephone: [966] (1) 488-3800 FAX: [966] (1) 488-7360 consulate(s) general: Dhahran, Jiddah (Jeddah) |
| Reprezentacja dyplomatyczna w USA | chief of mission: Ambassador Adil al-Ahmad al-JUBAYR
chancery: 601 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20037 telephone: [1] (202) 342-3800 FAX: [1] (202) 944-3113 consulate(s) general: Houston, Los Angeles, New York |
| Miedzynarodowe dyskusje | Arabia Saudyjska has reinforced its concrete-filled security barrier along sections of the now fully demarcated border z Jemen to stem illegal cross-border activities; Kuwejt and Arabia Saudyjska continue discussions on a maritime boundary z Iran |
| Ekonomiczna pomoc - udzielanie | since 2002, Arabia Saudyjska has provided more than $480 million w budgetary support to the Palestinian Authority, supported Palestinian refugees through contributions to the UN Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA), provided more than $250 million to Arab League funds dla the Palestinians, and pledged $500 million w assistance over the next three years at the Donors Conference w Dec 2007; pledged $230 million to development w Afganistan; pledged $1 billion w export guarantees and soft loans to Irak; pledged $133 million w direct grant aid, $187 million w concessional loans, and $153 million w export credits dla Pakistan earthquake relief; pledged a total of $1.59 billion to Liban w assistance and deposits to the Central Bank of Liban w 2006 and pledged an additional $1.1 billion w early 2007 |
| Ekonomiczna pomoc - pobieranie | $26.29 million (2005) |
| Ekonomia | Arabia Saudyjska has an oil-based economy z strong government controls over major economic activities. It possesses more than 20% of the world's proven petroleum reserves, ranks as the largest exporter of petroleum, and plays a leading role w OPEC. The petroleum sector accounts dla roughly 75% of budget revenues, 45% of Produkt krajowy brutto, and 90% of export earnings. About 40% of Produkt krajowy brutto comes from the private sector. Roughly 5.5 million foreign workers play an important role w the Saudi economy, particularly w the oil and service sectors. High oil prices have boosted growth, government revenues, and Saudi ownership of foreign assets, while enabling Riyadh to pay down domestic debt. The government is encouraging private sector growth - especially w power generation, telecommunications, natural gas exploration, and petrochemicals - to lessen the kingdom's dependence on oil exports and to increase employment opportunities dla the swelling Saudi population, 40% of which are youths under 15 years old. Unemployment is high, and the large youth population generally lacks the education and technical skills the private sector needs. Riyadh has substantially boosted spending on job training and education, infrastructure development, and government salaries. As part of its effort to attract foreign investment and diversify the economy, Arabia Saudyjska acceded to the WTO w grudzien 2005 after many years of negotiations. The government has announced plans to establish six "economic cities" w different regions of the country to promote development and diversification. |
| Elektrycznosc - konsumpcja | 146.9 billion kWh (2005) |
| Elektrycznosc - eksport | 0 kWh (2005) |
| Elektrycznosc - import | 0 kWh (2005) |
| Elektrycznosc - produkcja | 165.6 billion kWh (2005) |
| Skrajne punkty wysokosci | lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m
highest point: Jabal Sawda' 3,133 m |
| Srodowisko - obecne problemy | desertification; depletion of underground water resources; the lack of perennial rivers or permanent water bodies has prompted the development of extensive seawater desalination facilities; coastal pollution from oil spills |
| Srodowisko - miedzynarodowe umowy | party to: Biodiversity, Klimat Change, Klimat Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
| Grupy etniczne | Arab 90%, Afro-Asian 10% |
| Kurs waluty | Saudi riyals per US dollar - 3.745 (2007), 3.745 (2006), 3.747 (2005), 3.75 (2004), 3.75 (2003) |
| Wladza wykonawcza | chief of state: King and Prime Minister ABDALLAH bin Abd al-Aziz Al Saud (since 1 sierpien 2005); Heir Apparent Crown Prince SULTAN bin Abd al- Aziz Al Saud (half brother of the monarch, born 5 styczen 1928) note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: King and Prime Minister ABDALLAH bin Abd al-Aziz Al Saud (since 1 sierpien 2005) cabinet: Council of Ministers is appointed by the monarch every four years and includes many royal family members elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; note - a new Allegiance Commission created by royal decree w pazdziernik 2006 established a committee of Saudi princes that will play a role w selecting future Saudi kings, but the new system will not take effect until after Crown Prince Sultan becomes king |
| Eksport | 0 kWh (2005) |
| Eksport | $215 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.) |
| Eksport | 0 cu m (2005 est.) |
| Eksport | 8.9 million bbl/day (2007 est.) |
| Eksport - towary | petroleum and petroleum products 90% |
| Eksport - partnerzy | Japonia 17.7%, US 15.8%, South Korea 9%, Chiny 7.2%, Tajwan 4.6%, Singapur 4.4% (2006) |
| Rok podatkowy | rok kalendarzowy |
| Opis flagi | green, a traditional color w Islamic flags, z the Shahada or Muslim creed w large white Arabic script (translated as "There is no god but God; Muhammad is the Messenger of God") above a white horizontal saber (the tip points to the hoist side); design dates to the early twentieth century and is closely associated z the Al Saud family which established the kingdom w 1932 |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - podzial wg galezi przemyslu | agriculture: 3%
industry: 61.8% services: 35.2% (2007 est.) |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - realny wspolczynnik wzrostu | 4.7% (2007 est.) |
| Koordynaty geograficzne | 25 00 N, 45 00 E |
| Polozenie geograficzne | extensive coastlines on Persian Gulf and Red Sea provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through Persian Gulf and Suez Canal |
| Ladowiska helikopterow | 8 (2007) |
| Domowy dochód albo konsumpcja wg podzialu procentowego | lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
| Narkotyki | death penalty dla traffickers; improving anti-money-laundering legislation and enforcement |
| Import | 0 kWh (2005) |
| Import | $82.77 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.) |
| Import | 0 cu m (2005) |
| Import | 0 bbl/day (2004) |
| Import - towary | machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, motor vehicles, textiles |
| Import - partnerzy | US 12.2%, Niemcy 9.1%, Chiny 7.9%, Japonia 7.3%, UK 4.8%, Wlochy 4.8%, South Korea 4.1% (2006) |
| Niepodleglosc | 23 wrzesien 1932 (unification of the kingdom) |
| Wspolczynnik wzrostu produkcji w przemysle | 0.2% (2007 est.) |
| Przemysl | crude oil production, petroleum refining, basic petrochemicals, ammonia, industrial gases, sodium hydroxide (caustic soda), cement, fertilizer, plastics, metals, commercial ship repair, commercial aircraft repair, construction |
| Wspolczynnik umieralnosci noworodkow | total: 12.41 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 14.24 deaths/1,000 live births female: 10.48 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.) |
| Inflacja | 3.4% (2007 est.) |
| Czlonek miedzynarodowych organizacji | ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, BIS, FAO, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO |
| Nawadniane tereny | 16,200 sq km (2003) |
| Sadownictwo | Supreme Council of Justice |
| Sila robocza | 6.488 million
note: more than 35% of the population w the 15-64 age group is non-national (2007 est.) |
| Sila robocza - wg galezi gospodarki | agriculture: 12%
industry: 25% services: 63% (1999 est.) |
| Granica | total: 4,431 km
border countries: Irak 814 km, Jordania 744 km, Kuwejt 222 km, Oman 676 km, Katar 60 km, UAE 457 km, Jemen 1,458 km |
| Zagospodarowanie terenu | arable land: 1.67%
permanent crops: 0.09% other: 98.24% (2005) |
| Jezyki | Arabic |
| System prawny | based on Shari'a law, several secular codes have been introduced; commercial disputes handled by special committees; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
| Wladza ustawodawcza | Consultative Council or Majlis al-Shura (150 members and a chairman appointed by the monarch dla four-year terms); note - though the Council of Ministers announced w pazdziernik 2003 its intent to introduce elections dla half of the members of local and provincial assemblies and a third of the members of the national Consultative Council or Majlis al-Shura, incrementally over a period of four to five years, to date no such elections have been held or announced |
| Zywotnosc | total population: 75.88 years
male: 73.85 years female: 78.02 years (2007 est.) |
| Pismienni | definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 78.8% male: 84.7% female: 70.8% (2003 est.) |
| Lokalizacja | Middle East, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, north of Jemen |
| Lokalizacja na mapie | Middle East |
| Morskie obszary | territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 18 nm continental shelf: not specified |
| Flota handlowa | total: 59 ships (1000 GRT or over) 847,094 GRT/1,059,026 DWT
by type: cargo 5, chemical tanker 15, container 4, passenger/cargo 8, petroleum tanker 16, refrigerated cargo 3, roll on/roll off 8 foreign-owned: 10 (Egipt 1, Grecja 2, Kuwejt 6, UAE 1) registered w other countries: 63 (Bahamas 15, Komory 1, Dominika 1, Francja 1, Liberia 24, Wyspy Marshalla 4, Norwegia 3, Panama 14) (2007) |
| Wojsko | Land Forces (Army), Navy, Air Force, Air Defense Force, National Guard, Ministry of Interior Forces (paramilitary) |
| Wojsko - wydatki (procent PKB) | 10% (2005 est.) |
| Swieto narodowe | Unification of the Kingdom, 23 wrzesien (1932) |
| Narodowosc | noun: Saudi(s)
adjective: Saudi or Arabia Saudyjskan |
| Naturalne zagrozenia | frequent sand and dust storms |
| Surowce naturalne | petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, gold, copper |
| Wspolczynnik migracji | -5.95 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
| Rurociagi | condensate 212 km; gas 1,880 km; liquid petroleum gas 1,183 km; oil 4,521 km; refined products 1,148 km (2007) |
| Partie polityczne i przywodcy | none |
| Przesladowania polityczne ugrupowan oraz liderow | none |
| Ludnosc | 27,601,038
note: includes 5,576,076 non-nationals (lipiec 2007 est.) |
| Ludnosc zyjaca na skraju ubostwa | NA% |
| Przyrost naturalny | 2.06% (2007 est.) |
| Stacje radiowe | AM 43, FM 31, shortwave 2 (1998) |
| Linie kolejowe | total: 1,392 km
standard gauge: 1,392 km 1.435-m gauge (with branch lines and sidings) (2006) |
| Religie | Muslim 100% |
| Wspolczynnik plci | at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.314 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.11 male(s)/female total population: 1.196 male(s)/female (2007 est.) |
| Prawo wyborcze | 21 years of age; male |
| System telefoniczny | general assessment: modern system
domestic: extensive microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, and fiber-optic cable systems; mobile-cellular subscribership has been increasing rapidly international: country code - 966; landing point dla the international submarine cable Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG) and dla both the SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable networks providing connectivity to Asia, Middle East, Europe, and US; microwave radio relay to Bahrajn, Jordania, Kuwejt, Katar, UAE, Jemen, and Sudan; coaxial cable to Kuwejt and Jordania; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (3 Ocean Atlantycki and 2 Ocean Indyjski), 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat (Ocean Indyjski region) |
| Telefony - wykorzystywane linie telefoniczne | 4.5 million (2006) |
| Telefony komorkowe | 19.663 million (2006) |
| Stacje telewizyjne | 117 (1997) |
| Uksztaltowanie terenu | mostly uninhabited, sandy desert |
| Wspolczynnik nardzin przypadajacy na kobiety | 3.94 children born/woman (2007 est.) |
| Wspolczynnik bezrobocia | 13% among Saudi males only (local bank estimate; some estimates range as high as 25%) (2004 est.) |
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