Porownanie Zimbabwe (2008) - Zimbabwe (2002)
Porownanie Zimbabwe (2008) z Zimbabwe (2002)
Pokaz tylko zmiany
Pokaz tylko zmiany
| Zimbabwe (2008) | Zimbabwe (2002) | |
 |  | |
| Podzial administracyjny | 8 provinces and 2 cities* z provincial status; Bulawayo*, Harare*, Manicaland, Mashonaland Central, Mashonaland East, Mashonaland West, Masvingo, Matabeleland North, Matabeleland South, Midlands | 8 provinces and 2 cities* z provincial status; Bulawayo*, Harare*, Manicaland, Mashonaland Central, Mashonaland East, Mashonaland West, Masvingo, Matabeleland North, Matabeleland South, Midlands |
| Struktura wiekowa | 0-14 years: 37.2% (male 2,308,731/female 2,266,027)
15-64 years: 59.3% (male 3,663,108/female 3,641,519) 65 years and over: 3.5% (male 198,867/female 232,891) (2007 est.) |
0-14 years: 37.9% (male 2,178,073; female 2,128,287)
15-64 years: 58.4% (male 3,376,850; female 3,268,315) 65 years and over: 3.7% (male 213,286; female 211,865) (2002 est.) |
| Rolinictwo | corn, cotton, tobacco, wheat, coffee, sugarcane, peanuts; sheep, goats, pigs | corn, cotton, tobacco, wheat, coffee, sugarcane, peanuts; cattle, sheep, goats, pigs |
| Lotniska | 341 (2007) | 454 (2001) |
| Lotniska z utwardzonymi pasami | total: 19
over 3,047 m: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 10 (2007) |
total: 17
over 3,047 m: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 8 (2002) |
| Lotniska z nieutwardzonymi pasami | total: 322
1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 152 under 914 m: 166 (2007) |
total: 413
1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 197 under 914 m: 212 (2002) |
| Terytorium | total: 390,580 sq km
land: 386,670 sq km water: 3,910 sq km |
total: 390,580 sq km
land: 386,670 sq km water: 3,910 sq km |
| Terytorium - porownanie wielkosci | slightly larger than Montana | slightly larger than Montana |
| Tlo historyczne | The UK annexed Southern Rhodesia from the [British] Republika Poludniowej Afryki Company w 1923. A 1961 constitution was formulated that favored whites w power. In 1965 the government unilaterally declared its independence, but the UK did not recognize the act and demanded more complete voting rights dla the black African majority w the country (then called Rhodesia). UN sanctions and a guerrilla uprising finally led to free elections w 1979 and independence (as Zimbabwe) w 1980. Robert MUGABE, the nation's first prime minister, has been the country's only ruler (as president since 1987) and has dominated the country's political system since independence. His chaotic land redistribution campaign, which began w 2000, caused an exodus of white farmers, crippled the economy, and ushered w widespread shortages of basic commodities. Ignoring international condemnation, MUGABE rigged the 2002 presidential election to ensure his reelection. The ruling ZANU-PF party used fraud and intimidation to win a two-thirds majority w the marzec 2005 parliamentary election, allowing it to amend the constitution at will and recreate the Senate, which had been abolished w the late 1980s. In kwiecien 2005, Harare embarked on Operation Restore Order, ostensibly an urban rationalization program, which resulted w the destruction of the homes or businesses of 700,000 mostly poor supporters of the opposition, according to UN estimates. President Mugabe w czerwiec 2007 instituted price controls on all basic commodities causing panic buying and leaving store shelves empty dla months. In pazdziernik 2007, Konstytucjaal Amendment 18 came into effect allowing dla harmonized presidential and parliamentary elections, shortening the length of the presidential term to five years, and moving up the date dla parliamentary elections. General elections are expected w marzec 2008. | The UK annexed Southern Rhodesia from the Republika Poludniowej Afryki Company w 1923. A 1961 constitution was formulated that favored whites w power. In 1965 the government unilaterally declared its independence, but the UK did not recognize the act and demanded more complete voting rights dla the black African majority w the country (then called Rhodesia). UN sanctions and a guerrilla uprising finally led to free elections w 1979 and independence (as Zimbabwe) w 1980. Robert MUGABE, the nation's first prime minister, has been the country's only ruler (as president since 1987) and has dominated the country's political system since independence. His misguided land redistribution campaign begun w 2000 caused an exodus of white farmers, crippled the economy, and ushered w widespread shortages of basic commodities. Ignoring international condemnation, MUGABE rigged the 2002 presidential election to have himself reelected. |
| Wspolczynnik narodzin | 27.72 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) | 24.59 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Budzet | revenues: $1.105 billion
expenditures: $1.366 billion (2007 est.) |
revenues: $2.5 billion
expenditures: $2.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.) |
| Stolica | name: Harare
geographic coordinates: 17 50 S, 31 03 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) |
Harare |
| Klimat | tropical; moderated by altitude; rainy season (listopad to marzec) | tropical; moderated by altitude; rainy season (listopad to marzec) |
| Linia brzegowa | 0 km (landlocked) | 0 km (landlocked) |
| Konstytucja | 21 grudzien 1979 | 21 grudzien 1979 |
| Nazwa panstwa | conventional long form: Republic of Zimbabwe
conventional short form: Zimbabwe former: Southern Rhodesia, Rhodesia |
conventional long form: Republic of Zimbabwe
conventional short form: Zimbabwe former: Southern Rhodesia, Rhodesia |
| Waluta | - | Zimbabwean dollar (ZWD) |
| Wspolczynnik zgonow | 21.76 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) | 24.06 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Zadluzenie - zewnetrzne | $4.876 billion (31 grudzien 2007 est.) | $5 billion (2001 est.) |
| Reprezentacja dyplomatyczna ze strony USA | chief of mission: Ambassador James D. MCGEE
embassy: 172 Herbert Chitepo Avenue, Harare mailing address: P. O. Box 3340, Harare telephone: [263] (4) 250-593 and 250-594 FAX: [263] (4) 796-488 |
chief of mission: Ambassador Joseph G. SULLIVAN
embassy: 172 Herbert Chitepo Avenue, Harare mailing address: P. O. Box 3340, Harare telephone: [263] (4) 250-593 and 250-594 FAX: [263] (4) 796488 |
| Reprezentacja dyplomatyczna w USA | chief of mission: Ambassador Dr. Machivenyika T. MAPURANGA
chancery: 1608 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: [1] (202) 332-7100 FAX: [1] (202) 483-9326 |
chief of mission: Ambassador Simbi Veke MUBAKO
chancery: 1608 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: [1] (202) 332-7100 FAX: [1] (202) 483-9326 |
| Miedzynarodowe dyskusje | Botswana built electric fences and Republika Poludniowej Afryki has placed military along the border to stem the flow of thousands of Zimbabweans fleeing to find work and escape political persecution; Namibia has supported, and w 2004 Zimbabwe dropped objections to, plans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the Zambezi River, thereby de facto recognizing a short, but not clearly delimited, Botswana-Zambia boundary w the river | none |
| Ekonomiczna pomoc - pobieranie | $367.7 million; note - the EU and the US provide food aid on humanitarian grounds (2005 est.) | $200 million (2000 est.) |
| Ekonomia | The government of Zimbabwe faces a wide variety of difficult economic problems as it struggles z an unsustainable fiscal deficit, an overvalued official exchange rate, hyperinflation, and bare store shelves. Its 1998-2002 involvement w the war w the Democratic Republic of the Congo drained hundreds of millions of dollars from the economy. The government's land reform program, characterized by chaos and violence, has badly damaged the commercial farming sector, the traditional source of exports and foreign exchange and the provider of 400,000 jobs, turning Zimbabwe into a net importer of food products. Badly needed support from the IMF has been suspended because of the government's arrears on past loans and the government's unwillingness to enact reforms that would stabilize the economy. The Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe routinely prints money to fund the budget deficit, causing the official annual inflation rate to rise from 32% w 1998, to 133% w 2004, 585% w 2005, passed 1000% w 2006, and 26000% w listopad 2007. Private sector estimates of inflation w 2007 are well above 100,000%. Meanwhile, the official exchange rate fell from approximately 1 (revalued) Zimbabwean dollar per US dollar w 2003 to 30,000 per US dollar w 2007. | The government of Zimbabwe faces a wide variety of difficult economic problems as it struggles to consolidate earlier moves to develop a market-oriented economy. Its involvement w the war w the Democratic Republic of the Congo, dla example, has already drained hundreds of millions of dollars from the economy. Badly needed support from the IMF has been suspended because of the country's failure to meet budgetary goals. Inflation rose from an annual rate of 32% w 1998 to 59% w 1999, to 60% w 2000, and to 100% by yearend 2001. The economy is being steadily weakened by excessive government deficits, AIDS, and rampant inflation. The government's land reform program, characterized by chaos and violence, has derailed the commercial sector, the traditional source of exports and foreign exchange and the provider of 400,000 jobs. Distribution of income is extremely unequal. |
| Elektrycznosc - konsumpcja | 12.27 billion kWh (2005) | 10.475 billion kWh (2000) |
| Elektrycznosc - eksport | 0 kWh (2005) | 0 kWh (2000) |
| Elektrycznosc - import | 3.013 billion kWh (2005) | 4.5 billion kWh (2000) |
| Elektrycznosc - produkcja | 9.95 billion kWh (2005) | 6.425 billion kWh (2000) |
| Elektrycznosc - zrodla energii | - | fossil fuel: 53%
hydro: 47% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000) |
| Skrajne punkty wysokosci | lowest point: junction of the Runde and Save rivers 162 m
highest point: Inyangani 2,592 m |
lowest point: junction of the Runde and Save rivers 162 m
highest point: Inyangani 2,592 m |
| Srodowisko - obecne problemy | deforestation; soil erosion; land degradation; air and water pollution; the black rhinoceros herd - once the largest concentration of the species w the world - has been significantly reduced by poaching; poor mining practices have led to toxic waste and heavy metal pollution | deforestation; soil erosion; land degradation; air and water pollution; the black rhinoceros herd - once the largest concentration of the species w the world - has been significantly reduced by poaching; poor mining practices have led to toxic waste and heavy metal pollution |
| Srodowisko - miedzynarodowe umowy | party to: Biodiversity, Klimat Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
party to: Biodiversity, Klimat Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
| Grupy etniczne | African 98% (Shona 82%, Ndebele 14%, other 2%), mixed and Asian 1%, white less than 1% | African 98% (Shona 82%, Ndebele 14%, other 2%), mixed and Asian 1%, white less than 1% |
| Kurs waluty | Zimbabwean dollars per US dollar - 30,000 (2007), 162.07 (2006), 77.965 (2005), 5.729 (2004), 0.824 (2003)
note: these are official exchange rates; non-official rates vary significantly |
Zimbabwean dollars per US dollar - 54.9451 (grudzien 2001), 54.9451 (2001), 43.2900 (2000), 38.3142 (1999), 21.4133 (1998), 11.8906 (1997) |
| Wladza wykonawcza | chief of state: Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 grudzien 1987); Vice President Joseph MSIKA (since grudzien 1999) and Vice President Joyce MUJURU (since 6 grudzien 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 grudzien 1987); Vice President Joseph MSIKA (since grudzien 1999) and Vice President Joyce MUJURU (since 6 grudzien 2004) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president; responsible to the House of Assembly elections: presidential candidates nominated z a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least one from each province) and elected by popular vote dla a five-year term (no term limits); election last held 9-11 marzec 2002 (next to be held 28 marzec 2008); co-vice presidents appointed by the president election results: Robert Gabriel MUGABE reelected president; percent of vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE 56.2%, Morgan TSVANGIRAI 41.9% |
chief of state: Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 grudzien 1987); Co-Vice Presidents Simon Vengai MUZENDA (since 31 grudzien 1987) and Joseph MSIKA (since 23 grudzien 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 grudzien 1987); Co-Vice Presidents Simon Vengai MUZENDA (since 31 grudzien 1987) and Joseph MSIKA (since 23 grudzien 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president; responsible to the House of Assembly elections: presidential candidates nominated z a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least one from each province) and elected by popular vote; election last held 9-11 marzec 2002 (next to be held NA marzec 2006); co-vice presidents appointed by the president election results: Robert Gabriel MUGABE reelected president; percent of vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE 56.2%, Morgan TSVANGIRAI 41.9% |
| Eksport | 0 bbl/day (2004 est.) | $2.1 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.) |
| Eksport - towary | platinum, cotton, tobacco, gold, ferroalloys, textiles/clothing | tobacco 30%, gold 11%, ferroalloys 9%, textile/clothing 3% (2000) |
| Eksport - partnerzy | Republika Poludniowej Afryki 24.8%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 17.6%, Botswana 15.7%, US 10.4% (2006) | Republika Poludniowej Afryki 12.1%, UK 8.5%, Japonia 7.7%, Niemcy 6.1%, Chiny 5.4% (2000) |
| Rok podatkowy | rok kalendarzowy | 1 styczen - 31 grudzien |
| Opis flagi | seven equal horizontal bands of green, yellow, red, black, red, yellow, and green z a white isosceles triangle edged w black z its base on the hoist side; a yellow Zimbabwe bird representing the long history of the country is superimposed on a red five-pointed star w the center of the triangle, which symbolizes peace; green symbolizes agriculture, yellow - mineral wealth, red - blood shed to achieve independence, and black stands dla the native people | seven equal horizontal bands of green, yellow, red, black, red, yellow, and green z a white isosceles triangle edged w black z its base on the hoist side; a yellow Zimbabwe bird is superimposed on a red five-pointed star w the center of the triangle |
| Produkt krajowy brutto | - | purchasing power parity - $28 billion (2001 est.) |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - podzial wg galezi przemyslu | agriculture: 16.7%
industry: 21.6% services: 61.6% (2007 est.) |
agriculture: 11%
industry: 14% services: 75% (2000 est.) |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - per capita | - | purchasing power parity - $2,450 (2001 est.) |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - realny wspolczynnik wzrostu | -6% (2007 est.) | -6.5% (2001 est.) |
| Koordynaty geograficzne | 20 00 S, 30 00 E | 20 00 S, 30 00 E |
| Polozenie geograficzne | landlocked; the Zambezi forms a natural riverine boundary z Zambia; w full flood (February-April) the massive Victoria Falls on the river forms the world's largest curtain of falling water | landlocked; the Zambezi forms a natural riverine boundary z Zambia; w full flood (February-April) the massive Victoria Falls on the river forms the world's largest curtain of falling water |
| Autostrady | - | total: 18,338 km
paved: 8,692 km unpaved: 9,646 km (2002) |
| Domowy dochód albo konsumpcja wg podzialu procentowego | lowest 10%: 2%
highest 10%: 40.4% (1995) |
lowest 10%: 2%
highest 10%: 47% (1990) (1990) |
| Narkotyki | transit point dla cannabis and South Asian heroin, mandrax, and methamphetamines en route to Republika Poludniowej Afryki | transit point dla African cannabis and South Asian heroin, mandrax, and methamphetamines destined dla the Republika Poludniowej Afrykin and European markets |
| Import | 13,370 bbl/day (2004 est.) | $1.5 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.) |
| Import - towary | machinery and transport equipment, other manufactures, chemicals, fuels | machinery and transport equipment 34%, other manufactures 18%, chemicals 17%, fuels 11% (1999) |
| Import - partnerzy | Republika Poludniowej Afryki 40.8%, Zambia 29.6%, US 4.9% (2006) | Republika Poludniowej Afryki 46.3%, UK 7.2%, Niemcy 2.5%, US 2.8%, Japonia 2.5% (2000 est.) |
| Niepodleglosc | 18 kwiecien 1980 (from UK) | 18 kwiecien 1980 (from UK) |
| Wspolczynnik wzrostu produkcji w przemysle | 0.5% (2007 est.) | -10% (2001 est.) |
| Przemysl | mining (coal, gold, platinum, copper, nickel, tin, clay, numerous metallic and nonmetallic ores), steel; wood products, cement, chemicals, fertilizer, clothing and footwear, foodstuffs, beverages | mining (coal, gold, copper, nickel, tin, clay, numerous metallic and nonmetallic ores), steel, wood products, cement, chemicals, fertilizer, clothing and footwear, foodstuffs, beverages |
| Wspolczynnik umieralnosci noworodkow | total: 51.12 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 53.87 deaths/1,000 live births female: 48.29 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.) |
62.97 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) |
| Inflacja | 26,470% official data; private sector estimates are much higher (2007) | 100% (2001) |
| Czlonek miedzynarodowych organizacji | ACP, AfDB, AU, COMESA, FAO, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO | ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO |
| Dostawcy internetu | - | 6 (2000) |
| Nawadniane tereny | 1,740 sq km (2003) | 1,170 sq km (1998 est.) |
| Sadownictwo | Supreme Court; High Court | Supreme Court; High Court |
| Sila robocza | 3.998 million (2007 est.) | 5.5 million (2000 est.) |
| Sila robocza - wg galezi gospodarki | agriculture: 66%
industry: 10% services: 24% (1996) |
agriculture 66%, services 24%, industry 10% (1996 est.) |
| Granica | total: 3,066 km
border countries: Botswana 813 km, Mozambik 1,231 km, Republika Poludniowej Afryki 225 km, Zambia 797 km |
total: 3,066 km
border countries: Botswana 813 km, Mozambik 1,231 km, Republika Poludniowej Afryki 225 km, Zambia 797 km |
| Zagospodarowanie terenu | arable land: 8.24%
permanent crops: 0.33% other: 91.43% (2005) |
arable land: 8.4%
permanent crops: 0.34% other: 91.26% (1998 est.) |
| Jezyki | English (official), Shona, Sindebele (the language of the Ndebele, sometimes called Ndebele), numerous but minor tribal dialects | English (official), Shona, Sindebele (the language of the Ndebele, sometimes called Ndebele), numerous but minor tribal dialects |
| System prawny | mixture of Roman-Dutch and English common law | mixture of Roman-Dutch and English common law |
| Wladza ustawodawcza | bicameral Parliament consists of a Senate (93 seats - 60 elected by popular vote dla a five-year term, 10 provincial governors nominated by the president, 16 provincial chiefs appointed by the president and deputy president from all provinces except Harare and Bulawayo, and 7 appointed by the president) and a House of Assembly (210 seats - all elected by popular vote dla five-year terms)
elections: Senate last held 26 listopad 2005 (next to be held 28 marzec 2008; House of Assembly last held 31 marzec 2005 (next to be held 28 marzec 2008) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - ZANU-PF 73.7%, MDC 20.3%, other 4.4%, independents 1.6%; seats by party - ZANU-PF 43, MDC 7; House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - ZANU-PF 59.6%, MDC 39.5%, other 0.9%; seats by party - ZANU-PF 78, MDC 41, independents 1 |
unicameral House of Assembly (150 seats - 120 elected by popular vote dla five-year terms, 12 nominated by the president, 10 occupied by traditional chiefs chosen by their peers, and 8 occupied by provincial governors appointed by the president)
elections: last held 24-25 czerwiec 2000 (next to be held NA 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - ZANU-PF 47.2%, MDC 45.6%, ZANU-Ndonga 0.7%, United Parties 0.7%; seats by party - ZANU-PF 63, MDC 56, ZANU-Ndonga 1 |
| Zywotnosc | total population: 39.5 years
male: 40.62 years female: 38.35 years (2007 est.) |
total population: 36.5 years
male: 37.87 years female: 35.1 years (2002 est.) |
| Pismienni | definition: age 15 and over can read and write English
total population: 90.7% male: 94.2% female: 87.2% (2003 est.) |
definition: age 15 and over can read and write English
total population: 85% male: 90% female: 80% (1995 est.) |
| Lokalizacja | Southern Africa, between Republika Poludniowej Afryki and Zambia | Southern Africa, between Republika Poludniowej Afryki and Zambia |
| Lokalizacja na mapie | Africa | Africa |
| Morskie obszary | none (landlocked) | none (landlocked) |
| Wojsko | Zimbabwe Defense Forces (ZDF): Zimbabwe National Army, Air Force of Zimbabwe (AFZ), Zimbabwe Republic Police (2005) | Zimbabwe National Army, Air Force of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe Republic Police (includes Police Support Unit, Paramilitary Police) |
| Wojska - wydatki (w dolarach) | - | $350.6 million (FY01) |
| Wojsko - wydatki (procent PKB) | 3.8% (2006) | 3.8% (FY01) |
| Wojsko - zasoby ludzkie (w wieku poborowym) | - | males age 15-49: 3,057,381 (2002 est.) |
| Wojsko - zasoby ludzkie (zdolni do sluzby wojskowej) | - | males age 15-49: 1,898,383 (2002 est.) |
| Swieto narodowe | Niepodleglosc Day, 18 kwiecien (1980) | Niepodleglosc Day, 18 kwiecien (1980) |
| Narodowosc | noun: Zimbabwean(s)
adjective: Zimbabwean |
noun: Zimbabwean(s)
adjective: Zimbabwean |
| Naturalne zagrozenia | recurring droughts; floods and severe storms are rare | recurring droughts; floods and severe storms are rare |
| Surowce naturalne | coal, chromium ore, asbestos, gold, nickel, copper, iron ore, vanadium, lithium, tin, platinum group metals | coal, chromium ore, asbestos, gold, nickel, copper, iron ore, vanadium, lithium, tin, platinum group metals |
| Wspolczynnik migracji | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population
note: there is an increasing flow of Zimbabweans into Republika Poludniowej Afryki and Botswana w search of better economic opportunities (2007 est.) |
NEGL migrant(s)/1,000 population
note: there is a small but steady flow of Zimbabweans into Republika Poludniowej Afryki w search of better paid employment (2002 est.) |
| Rurociagi | refined products 270 km (2007) | petroleum products 212 km |
| Partie polityczne i przywodcy | African National Party or ANP [Egipt DZINEMUNHENZVA]; Movement dla Democratic Change or MDC [Morgan TSVANGIRAI, anti-Senate faction; Arthur MUTAMBARA, pro-Senate faction]; Peace Action is Freedom dla All or PAFA; United Parties [Abel MUZOREWA]; United People's Party or UPP [Daniel SHUMBA]; Zimbabwe African National Union-Ndonga or ZANU-Ndonga [Wilson KUMBULA]; Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front or ZANU-PF [Robert Gabriel MUGABE]; Zimbabwe African Peoples Union or ZAPU [Agrippa MADLELA]; Zimbabwe Youth w Alliance or ZIYA | Movement dla Democratic Change or MDC [Morgan TSVANGIRAI]; United Parties [Abel MUZOREWA]; Zimbabwe African National Union-Ndonga or ZANU-Ndonga [Wilson KUMBULA]; Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front or ZANU-PF [Robert Gabriel MUGABE]; Zimbabwe African Peoples Union or ZAPU [Agrippa MADLELA] |
| Przesladowania polityczne ugrupowan oraz liderow | Crisis w Zimbabwe Coalition [Xolani ZITHA]; National Konstytucjaal Assembly or NCA [Lovemore MADHUKU]; Women of Zimbabwe Arise or WOZA [Jenny WILLIAMS]; Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions or ZCTU [Wellington CHIBEBE] | National Konstytucjaal Assembly or NCA [Lovemore MADHUKU] |
| Ludnosc | 12,311,143
note: estimates dla this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result w lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes w the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (lipiec 2007 est.) |
11,376,676
note: estimates dla this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result w lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes w the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (lipiec 2002 est.) |
| Ludnosc zyjaca na skraju ubostwa | 68% (2004) | 60% (1999 est.) |
| Przyrost naturalny | 0.595% (2007 est.) | 0.05% (2002 est.) |
| Porty i stocznie | - | Binga, Kariba |
| Stacje radiowe | AM 7, FM 20 (plus 17 repeater stations), shortwave 1 (1998) | AM 7, FM 20 (plus 17 repeater stations), shortwave 1 (1998) |
| Radia | - | 1.14 million (1997) |
| Linie kolejowe | total: 3,077 km
narrow gauge: 3,077 km 1.067-m gauge (313 km electrified) (2006) |
total: 3,077 km
narrow gauge: 3,077 km 1.067-m gauge (313 km electrified; 42 km double-tracked) note: includes the 318 km Bulawaya-Beitbridge Railway Company line (2001) |
| Religie | syncretic (part Christian, part indigenous beliefs) 50%, Christian 25%, indigenous beliefs 24%, Muslim and other 1% | syncretic (part Christian, part indigenous beliefs) 50%, Christian 25%, indigenous beliefs 24%, Muslim and other 1% |
| Wspolczynnik plci | at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.019 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.006 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.854 male(s)/female total population: 1.005 male(s)/female (2007 est.) |
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.01 male(s)/female total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2002 est.) |
| Prawo wyborcze | 18 years of age; universal | 18 years of age; universal |
| System telefoniczny | general assessment: system was once one of the best w Africa, but now suffers from poor maintenance; more than 100,000 outstanding requests dla connection despite an equally large number of installed but unused main lines
domestic: consists of microwave radio relay links, open-wire lines, radiotelephone communication stations, fixed wireless local loop installations, and a substantial mobile cellular network; Internet connection is available w Harare and planned dla all major towns and dla some of the smaller ones international: country code - 263; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat; 2 international digital gateway exchanges (in Harare and Gweru) |
general assessment: system was once one of the best w Africa, but now suffers from poor maintenance; more than 100,000 outstanding requests dla connection despite an equally large number of installed but unused main lines
domestic: consists of microwave radio relay links, open-wire lines, radiotelephone communication stations, fixed wireless local loop installations, and a substantial mobile cellular network; Internet connection is available w Harare and planned dla all major towns and dla some of the smaller ones international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat; two international digital gateway exchanges (in Harare and Gweru) |
| Telefony - wykorzystywane linie telefoniczne | 331,700 (2006) | 212,000 (in addition, there are about 20,000 fixed telephones w wireless local loop connections) (1997) |
| Telefony komorkowe | 832,500 (2006) | 111,000 (2001) |
| Stacje telewizyjne | 16 (1997) | 16 (1997) |
| Uksztaltowanie terenu | mostly high plateau z higher central plateau (high veld); mountains w east | mostly high plateau z higher central plateau (high veld); mountains w east |
| Wspolczynnik nardzin przypadajacy na kobiety | 3.08 children born/woman (2007 est.) | 3.21 children born/woman (2002 est.) |
| Wspolczynnik bezrobocia | 80% (2005 est.) | 60% (2001 est.) |
| Drogi wodne | on Lake Kariba (2005) | chrome ore is transported from Harare - by way of the Mazoe River - to the Zambezi River w Mozambik |
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