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Compare Vanuatu (2008) - Mozambique (2002)

Compare Vanuatu (2008) z Mozambique (2002)

 Vanuatu (2008)Mozambique (2002)
 VanuatuMozambique
Administrative divisions 6 provinces; Malampa, Penama, Sanma, Shefa, Tafea, Torba 10 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia), 1 city*; Cabo Delgado, Gaza, Inhambane, Manica, Maputo, Maputo City*, Nampula, Niassa, Sofala, Tete, Zambezia
Age structure 0-14 years: 31.9% (male 34,590/female 33,124)


15-64 years: 64.3% (male 69,496/female 66,745)


65 years and over: 3.8% (male 4,178/female 3,838) (2007 est.)
0-14 years: 42.5% (male 4,162,413; female 4,176,295)


15-64 years: 54.7% (male 5,313,511; female 5,407,052)


65 years and over: 2.8% (male 227,761; female 320,487) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products copra, coconuts, cocoa, coffee, taro, yams, fruits, vegetables; beef; fish cotton, cashew nuts, sugarcane, tea, cassava (tapioca), corn, coconuts, sisal, citrus and tropical fruits, potatoes, sunflowers; beef, poultry
Airports 31 (2007) 166 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways total: 3


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2007)
total: 22


over 3,047 m: 1


2,438 to 3,047 m: 3


1,524 to 2,437 m: 10


914 to 1,523 m: 3


under 914 m: 5 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 28


914 to 1,523 m: 6


under 914 m: 22 (2007)
total: 143


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 16


914 to 1,523 m: 35


under 914 m: 91 (2002)
Area total: 12,200 sq km


land: 12,200 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes more than 80 islands, about 65 of which are inhabited
total: 801,590 sq km


land: 784,090 sq km


water: 17,500 sq km
Area - comparative slightly larger than Connecticut slightly less than twice the size of California
Background Multiple waves of colonizers, each speaking a distinct language, migrated to the New Hebrides in the millennia preceding European exploration in the 18th century. This settlement pattern accounts for the complex linguistic diversity found on the archipelago to this day. The British and French, who settled the New Hebrides in the 19th century, agreed in 1906 to an Anglo-French Condominium, which administered the islands until independence in 1980, when the new name of Vanuatu was adopted. Almost five centuries as a Portuguese colony came to a close with independence in 1975. Large-scale emigration by whites, economic dependence on South Africa, a severe drought, and a prolonged civil war hindered the country's development. The ruling party formally abandoned Marxism in 1989, and a new constitution the following year provided for multiparty elections and a free market economy. A UN-negotiated peace agreement with rebel forces ended the fighting in 1992. Heavy flooding in both 1999 and 2000 severely hurt the economy.
Birth rate 22.35 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) 36.41 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget revenues: $78.7 million


expenditures: $72.23 million (2005)
revenues: $393.1 million


expenditures: $1.025 billion, including capital expenditures of $479.4 million (2001 est.)
Capital name: Port-Vila (on Efate)


geographic coordinates: 17 44 S, 168 19 E


time difference: UTC+11 (16 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Maputo
Climate tropical; moderated by southeast trade winds from May to October; moderate rainfall from November to April; may be affected by cyclones from December to April tropical to subtropical
Coastline 2,528 km 2,470 km
Constitution 30 July 1980 30 November 1990
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Vanuatu


conventional short form: Vanuatu


local long form: Ripablik blong Vanuatu


local short form: Vanuatu


former: New Hebrides
conventional long form: Republic of Mozambique


conventional short form: Mozambique


local long form: Republica de Mocambique


local short form: Mocambique


former: Portuguese East Africa
Currency - metical (MZM)
Death rate 7.75 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) 25.13 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external $81.2 million (2004) $1 billion (2001 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US the US does not have an embassy in Vanuatu; the ambassador to Papua New Guinea is accredited to Vanuatu chief of mission: Ambassador Sharon P. WILKINSON


embassy: Avenida Kenneth Kuanda 193, Maputo


mailing address: P. O. Box 783, Maputo


telephone: [258] (1) 492797


FAX: [258] (1) 490448
Diplomatic representation in the US Vanuatu does not have an embassy in the US; it does, however, have a Permanent Mission to the UN chief of mission: Ambassador Armando PANGUENE


chancery: 1990 M Street NW, Suite 570, Washington, DC 20036


telephone: [1] (202) 293-7146


FAX: [1] (202) 835-0245
Disputes - international Matthew and Hunter Islands east of New Caledonia claimed by Vanuatu and France none
Economic aid - recipient $39.48 million (2005) $632.8 million (2001)
Economy - overview This South Pacific island economy is based primarily on small-scale agriculture, which provides a living for 65% of the population. Fishing, offshore financial services, and tourism, with more than 60,000 visitors in 2005, are other mainstays of the economy. Mineral deposits are negligible; the country has no known petroleum deposits. A small light industry sector caters to the local market. Tax revenues come mainly from import duties. Economic development is hindered by dependence on relatively few commodity exports, vulnerability to natural disasters, and long distances from main markets and between constituent islands. In response to foreign concerns, the government has promised to tighten regulation of its offshore financial center. In mid-2002 the government stepped up efforts to boost tourism through improved air connections, resort development, and cruise ship facilities. Agriculture, especially livestock farming, is a second target for growth. Australia and New Zealand are the main suppliers of tourists and foreign aid. At independence in 1975, Mozambique was one of the world's poorest countries. Socialist mismanagement and a brutal civil war from 1977-92 exacerbated the situation. In 1988, the government embarked on a series of dramatic macroeconomic reforms designed to stabilize the economy and reduce government participation. These steps combined with the political stability that has prevailed since the 1994 multi-party elections have led to dramatic improvements in the country's growth rate fueled by foreign and domestic investments and donor assistance. Inflation was brought to single digits during the same period, although it has returned to double digits in 2000 and 2001. Foreign exchange rates have remained relatively stable. Fiscal reforms, including the introduction of a value-added tax and reform of the customs service, have improved the government's revenue collection abilities. In spite of these gains, Mozambique remains dependent upon foreign assistance for much of its annual budget, and the majority of the population remains below the poverty line. Subsistence agriculture continues to employ the vast majority of the country's workforce. A substantial trade imbalance persists, although it has diminished with the opening of the MOZAL aluminum smelter, the country's largest foreign investment project. Additional investment projects in titanium extraction/processing and garment manufacturing should further close the import/export gap. Mozambique's once substantial foreign debt has been reduced through forgiveness and rescheduling under the IMF's Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) and Enhanced HIPC initiatives, and is now at a manageable level.
Electricity - consumption 38.13 million kWh (2005) 925.81 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2005 est.) 5.7 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2005) 100 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production 41 million kWh (2005) 7.017 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel: 4%


hydro: 96%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: Tabwemasana 1,877 m
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: Monte Binga 2,436 m
Environment - current issues a majority of the population does not have access to a reliable supply of potable water; deforestation a long civil war and recurrent drought in the hinterlands have resulted in increased migration of the population to urban and coastal areas with adverse environmental consequences; desertification; pollution of surface and coastal waters; elephant poaching for ivory is a problem
Environment - international agreements party to: Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Ni-Vanuatu 98.5%, other 1.5% (1999 Census) indigenous tribal groups 99.66% (Shangaan, Chokwe, Manyika, Sena, Makua, and others), Europeans 0.06%, Euro-Africans 0.2%, Indians 0.08%
Exchange rates vatu per US dollar - NA (2007), 111.93 (2006), NA (2005), 111.79 (2004), 122.19 (2003) meticais per US dollar - 23,314.2 (January 2002), 20,703.6 (2001), 15,447.1 (2000), 13,028.6 (1999), 12,110.2 (1998), 11,772.6 (1997)


note: effective October 2000, the exchange rate is determined as the weighted average of buying and selling exchange rates of all transactions of commercial banks and stock exchanges with the public; meticais is the plural form of metical
Executive branch chief of state: President Kalkot Matas KELEKELE (since 16 August 2004)


head of government: Prime Minister Ham LINI (since 11 December 2004); Deputy Prime Minister Sato KILMAN (since 11 December 2004)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to Parliament


elections: president elected for a five-year term by an electoral college consisting of Parliament and the presidents of the regional councils; election for president last held 16 August 2004 (next to be held in 2009); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually elected prime minister by Parliament from among its members; election for prime minister last held 29 July 2004 (next to be held following general elections in 2008)


election results: Kalkot Matas KELEKELE elected president, with 49 votes out of 56, after several ballots on 16 August 2004
chief of state: President Joaquim Alberto CHISSANO (since 6 November 1986); note - before being popularly elected, CHISSANO was elected president by Frelimo's Central Committee on 4 November 1986 (reelected by the Committee 30 July 1989)


head of government: Prime Minister Pascoal MOCUMBI (since 17 December 1994)


cabinet: Cabinet


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 3-5 December 1999 (next to be held NA 2004); prime minister appointed by the president


election results: Joaquim Alberto CHISSANO reelected president; percent of vote - Joaquim Alberto CHISSANO 52.29%, Afonso DHLAKAMA 47.71%
Exports 0 bbl/day (2004) $746 million f.o.b. (2001 est.)
Exports - commodities copra, beef, cocoa, timber, kava, coffee prawns 40%, cashews, cotton, sugar, citrus, timber; bulk electricity (2000)
Exports - partners Thailand 59.6%, India 16.8%, Japan 11.5% (2006) South Africa 12.7%, Zimbabwe 12.2%, Spain 10.6%, Portugal 10.0% (2000)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and green with a black isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) all separated by a black-edged yellow stripe in the shape of a horizontal Y (the two points of the Y face the hoist side and enclose the triangle); centered in the triangle is a boar's tusk encircling two crossed namele leaves, all in yellow three equal horizontal bands of green (top), black, and yellow with a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; the black band is edged in white; centered in the triangle is a yellow five-pointed star bearing a crossed rifle and hoe in black superimposed on an open white book
GDP - purchasing power parity - $17.5 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 26%


industry: 12%


services: 62% (2000 est.)
agriculture: 33%


industry: 25%


services: 42% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $900 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 6.8% (2005 est.) 9.2% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates 16 00 S, 167 00 E 18 15 S, 35 00 E
Geography - note a Y-shaped chain of four main islands and 80 smaller islands; several of the islands have active volcanoes the Zambezi flows through the north-central and most fertile part of the country
Highways - total: 30,400 km


paved: 5,685 km


unpaved: 24,715 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%: 3%


highest 10%: 32% (1996-97)
Illicit drugs - Southern African transit point for South Asian hashish, South Asian heroin, and South American cocaine probably destined for the European and South African markets; producer of cannabis (for local consumption) and methaqualone (for export to South Africa); corruption and poor regulatory capability makes the banking system vulnerable to money laundering, but the lack of a well-developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center
Imports 628.5 bbl/day (2004) $1.254 billion c.i.f. (2001 est.)
Imports - commodities machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, fuels machinery and equipment, mineral products, chemicals, metals, foodstuffs, textiles (2000)
Imports - partners Australia 20.6%, Japan 19.7%, Singapore 12.1%, NZ 8.8%, Fiji 7.7%, China 7.4%, New Caledonia 4.3% (2006) South Africa 33.5%, Portugal 4.8%, US 4.2%, Australia 3.8% (2000)
Independence 30 July 1980 (from France and UK) 25 June 1975 (from Portugal)
Industrial production growth rate 1% (1997 est.) 3.4% (2000)
Industries food and fish freezing, wood processing, meat canning food, beverages, chemicals (fertilizer, soap, paints), petroleum products, textiles, cement, glass, asbestos, tobacco
Infant mortality rate total: 52.45 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 54.96 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 49.81 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
138.55 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) -1.6% (2005 est.) 10% (2001 est.)
International organization participation ACCT, ACP, ADB, C, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IOC, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO (observer) ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU, MONUC, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNTAET, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 11 (2002)
Irrigated land NA 1,070 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the president after consultation with the prime minister and the leader of the opposition, three other justices are appointed by the president on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission) Supreme Court (the court of final appeal; some of its professional judges are appointed by the president and some are elected by the Assembly); other courts include an Administrative Court, customs courts, maritime courts, courts marshal, labor courts


note: although the constitution provides for the creation of a separate Constitutional Court, one has never been established; in its absence the Supreme Court reviews constitutional cases
Labor force 76,410 (1999) 7.4 million (1997 est.)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture: 65%


industry: 5%


services: 30% (2000 est.)
agriculture 81%, industry 6%, services 13% (1997 est.)
Land boundaries 0 km total: 4,571 km


border countries: Malawi 1,569 km, South Africa 491 km, Swaziland 105 km, Tanzania 756 km, Zambia 419 km, Zimbabwe 1,231 km
Land use arable land: 1.64%


permanent crops: 6.97%


other: 91.39% (2005)
arable land: 3.98%


permanent crops: 0.29%


other: 95.73% (1998 est.)
Languages local languages (more than 100) 72.6%, pidgin (known as Bislama or Bichelama) 23.1%, English 1.9%, French 1.4%, other 0.3%, unspecified 0.7% (1999 Census) Portuguese (official), indigenous dialects
Legal system unified system being created from former dual French and British systems based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law
Legislative branch unicameral Parliament (52 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 6 July 2004 (next to be held 2008)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NUP 10, UMP 8, VP 8, VRP 4, MPP 3, VGP 3, other and independent 16; note - political party associations are fluid


note: the National Council of Chiefs advises on matters of culture and language
unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (250 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote on a secret ballot to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 3-5 December 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)


election results: percent of vote by party - Frelimo 48.54%, Renamo-UE 38.81%; seats by party - Frelimo 133, Renamo-UE 117


note: Renamo-UE ran as a multiparty coalition; none of the other opposition parties received the 5% required to win parliamentary seats; in September 2000, Renamo-UE member Raul DOMINGOS was expelled from the party, he continues to hold his parliamentary seat as an independent
Life expectancy at birth total population: 63.22 years


male: 61.67 years


female: 64.84 years (2007 est.)
total population: 35.46 years


male: 36.25 years


female: 34.65 years (2002 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 74%


male: NA


female: NA (1999 census)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 42.3%


male: 58.4%


female: 27% (1998 est.)
Location Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to Australia Southern Africa, bordering the Mozambique Channel, between South Africa and Tanzania
Map references Oceania Africa
Maritime claims measured from claimed archipelagic baselines


territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 24 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm


continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine total: 51 ships (1000 GRT or over) 1,346,001 GRT/1,901,055 DWT


by type: bulk carrier 30, cargo 8, container 1, liquefied gas 2, petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 3, roll on/roll off 1, vehicle carrier 5


foreign-owned: 51 (Australia 2, Belgium 4, Canada 5, Estonia 1, Japan 28, Poland 7, Russia 1, Switzerland 2, US 1) (2007)
total: 3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,125 GRT/7,024 DWT


ships by type: cargo 3


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Belgium 2 (2002 est.)
Military branches no regular military forces; Vanuatu Police Force (VPF), Vanuatu Mobile Force (VMF; includes Police Maritime Wing (PMW)) (2007) Army, Naval Command, Air and Air Defense Forces, Special Forces, Militia
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $35.1 million (2000 est.)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP NA 1% (2000 est.)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49: 4,711,318 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49: 2,720,583 (2002 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 30 July (1980) Independence Day, 25 June (1975)
Nationality noun: Ni-Vanuatu (singular and plural)


adjective: Ni-Vanuatu
noun: Mozambican(s)


adjective: Mozambican
Natural hazards tropical cyclones or typhoons (January to April); volcanic eruption on Aoba (Ambae) island began 27 November 2005, volcanism also causes minor earthquakes; tsunamis severe droughts; devastating cyclones and floods occur in central and southern provinces
Natural resources manganese, hardwood forests, fish coal, titanium, natural gas, hydropower, tantalum, graphite
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Pipelines - crude oil 306 km; petroleum products 289 km


note: not operating
Political parties and leaders Jon Frum Movement [Song KEASPAI]; Melanesian Progressive Party or MPP [Barak SOPE]; National United Party or NUP [Hem LINI]; Union of Moderate Parties or UMP [Serge VOHOR]; Vanua'aku Pati (Our Land Party) or VP [Edward NATAPEI]; Vanuatu Greens Party or VGP [Moana CARCASSES]; Vanuatu Republican Party or VRP [Maxime Carlot KORMAN] Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (Frente de Liberatacao de Mocambique) or Frelimo [Joaquim Alberto CHISSANO, president]; Mozambique National Resistance-Electoral Union (Resistencia Nacional Mocambicana-Uniao Eleitoral) or Renamo-UE [Afonso DHLAKAMA, president]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA Institute for Peace and Democracy (Instituto para Paz e Democracia) or IPADE [Raul DOMINGOS, president]; Etica [Abdul CARIMO Issa, chairman]; Movement for Peace and Citizenship (Movimento para Paz e Cidadania); Mozambican League of Human Rights (Liga Mocambicana dos Direitos Humanos) or LDH [Alice MABOTE, president]; Human Rights and Development (Direitos Humanos e Desenvolvimento) or DHD [Artemisia FRANCO, secretary general]
Population 211,971 (July 2007 est.) 19,607,519


note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected; the 1997 Mozambican census reported a population of 16,099,246 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% 70% (2001 est.)
Population growth rate 1.46% (2007 est.) 1.13% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors - Beira, Inhambane, Maputo, Nacala, Pemba, Quelimane
Radio broadcast stations AM 2, FM 4, shortwave 1 (2001) AM 13, FM 17, shortwave 11 (2001)
Radios - 730,000 (1997)
Railways - total: 3,131 km


narrow gauge: 2,988 km 1.067-m gauge; 143 km 0.762-m gauge (2001)
Religions Presbyterian 31.4%, Anglican 13.4%, Roman Catholic 13.1%, Seventh-Day Adventist 10.8%, other Christian 13.8%, indigenous beliefs 5.6% (including Jon Frum cargo cult), other 9.6%, none 1%, unspecified 1.3% (1999 Census) indigenous beliefs 50%, Christian 30%, Muslim 20%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.044 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.041 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 1.089 male(s)/female


total population: 1.044 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female


total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: NA


domestic: NA


international: country code - 678; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
general assessment: fair system but not available generally (telephone density is only 3.5 telephones for each 1,000 persons)


domestic: the system consists of open-wire lines and trunk connection by microwave radio relay and tropospheric scatter


international: satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 3 Indian Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 7,000 (2005) 90,000 (December 2001)
Telephones - mobile cellular 12,700 (2005) 100,000 (June 2001 est)
Television broadcast stations 1 (2004) 1 (2001)
Terrain mostly mountainous islands of volcanic origin; narrow coastal plains mostly coastal lowlands, uplands in center, high plateaus in northwest, mountains in west
Total fertility rate 2.63 children born/woman (2007 est.) 4.71 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate 1.7% (1999) 21% (1997 est.)
Waterways - 3,750 km (navigable routes)
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