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Compare Uruguay (2003) - Uruguay (2002)
Compare Uruguay (2003) z Uruguay (2002)
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Show all fields
| Uruguay (2003) | Uruguay (2002) | |
 |  | |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: 24.3% (male 425,642; female 404,987)
15-64 years: 62.6% (male 1,057,187; female 1,079,549) 65 years and over: 13.1% (male 182,696; female 263,268) (2003 est.) |
0-14 years: 24.4% (male 422,826; female 402,324)
15-64 years: 62.6% (male 1,047,740; female 1,072,032) 65 years and over: 13% (male 181,522; female 260,131) (2002 est.) |
| Airports | 64 (2002) | 64 (2001) |
| Background | A violent Marxist urban guerrilla movement, the Tupamaros, launched in the late 1960s, led Uruguay's president to agree to military control of his administration in 1973. By yearend, the rebels had been crushed, but the military continued to expand its hold throughout the government. Civilian rule was not restored until 1985. Uruguay's political and labor conditions are among the freest on the continent. | A violent Marxist urban guerrilla movement, the Tupamaros, launched in the late 1960s, led Uruguay's president to agree to military control of his administration in 1973. By the end of the year the rebels had been crushed, but the military continued to expand its hold throughout the government. Civilian rule was not restored until 1985. Uruguay's political and labor conditions are among the freest on the continent. |
| Birth rate | 17.19 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) | 17.28 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Budget | revenues: $3.7 billion
expenditures: $4.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $500 million (2000) |
revenues: $3.7 billion
expenditures: $4.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $500 million (2000) (2000) |
| Death rate | 8.97 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) | 9 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Debt - external | $11.8 billion (2002 est.) | $7.7 billion (2001 est.) |
| Disputes - international | uncontested dispute with Brazil over certain islands in the Quarai/Cuareim and Invernada streams and the resulting tripoint with Argentina | uncontested dispute with Brazil over islands in the Rio Quarai (Rio Cuareim) and the Arroio Invernada (Arroyo de la Invernada) |
| Economy - overview | Uruguay's economy is characterized by an export-oriented agricultural sector, a well-educated workforce, and high levels of social spending. After averaging growth of 5% annually during 1996-98, in 1999-2002 the economy suffered a major downturn, stemming largely from lower demand in Argentina and Brazil, which together account for nearly half of Uruguay's exports. Total GDP in these four years dropped by nearly 20%, with 2002 the worst year. Unemployment rose to nearly 20% in 2002, inflation surged, and the burden of external debt doubled. Cooperation with the IMF and the US has limited the damage, which is still extensive. Moves to reschedule debt and promote economic recovery may help limit a further decline in output in 2003. | Uruguay's economy is characterized by an export-oriented agricultural sector, a well-educated workforce, and high levels of social spending. After averaging growth of 5% annually in 1996-98, in 1999-2001 the economy suffered from lower demand in Argentina and Brazil, which together account for nearly half of Uruguay's exports. Despite the severity of the trade shocks, Uruguay's financial indicators remained more stable than those of its neighbors, a reflection of its solid reputation among investors and its investment-grade sovereign bond rating - one of only two in South America. Challenges for the government of President Jorge BATLLE include reducing the budget deficit, expanding Uruguay's trade ties beyond its Mercosur trade partners, and reducing the costs of public services. GDP fell by 1.3% in 2000 and by 1.5% in 2001. |
| Electricity - consumption | 6.152 billion kWh (2001) | 7.35 billion kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - exports | 1.377 billion kWh (2001) | 950 million kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - imports | 123 million kWh (2001) | 1.3 billion kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - production | 7.963 billion kWh (2001) | 7.527 billion kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel: 0.7%
hydro: 99.1% nuclear: 0% other: 0.3% (2001) |
fossil fuel: 7%
hydro: 93% nuclear: 0% other: 1% (2000) |
| Exchange rates | Uruguayan pesos per US dollar - 21.26 (2002), 13.32 (2001), 12.1 (2000), 11.34 (1999), 10.47 (1998) | Uruguayan pesos per US dollar - 14.3325 (January 2002), 13.3191 (2001), 12.0996 (2000), 11.3393 (1999), 10.4719 (1998), 9.4418 (1997) |
| Exports | NA (2001) | $2.24 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.) |
| Exports - partners | Brazil 21%, Argentina 15%, US 8.1%, Germany 5.1%, Italy 4% (2002) | Mercosur partners 40%, EU 20%, US 8% (2001 est.) |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $26.82 billion (2002 est.) | purchasing power parity - $31 billion (2001 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture: 6%
industry: 27% services: 67% (2001) |
agriculture: 6%
industry: 29% services: 65% (2001) (2001) |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $7,900 (2002 est.) | purchasing power parity - $9,200 (2001 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | -10.8% (2002 est.) | -1.5% (2001 est.) |
| Highways | total: 8,983 km
paved: 8,081 km unpaved: 902 km (1999 est.) |
total: 8,764 km
paved: 7,800 km unpaved: 964 km (2001) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%: 3.7%
highest 10%: 25.8% (1997) |
lowest 10%: 4%
highest 10%: 26% (1997) |
| Imports | NA (2001) | $2.9 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.) |
| Imports - partners | Argentina 25.6%, Brazil 22.7%, US 7.7%, Venezuela 6.2% (2002) | Mercosur partners 44%, EU 18%, US 9% (2001 est.) |
| Industrial production growth rate | -12% (2002 est.) | -2.4% (2001 est.) |
| Infant mortality rate | total: 13.8 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 15.61 deaths/1,000 live births female: 11.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.) |
14.25 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 14.1% (2002 est.) | 3.6% (2001) (2001) |
| International organization participation | ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM (observer), OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMEE, UNMISET, UNMOGIP, UNMOT, UNOMIG, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO | CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM (observer), OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMEE, UNMOGIP, UNMOT, UNOMIG, UNTAET, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO |
| Labor force | 1.2 million (2001) | 1.2 million (2001) (2001) |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population: 75.87 years
male: 72.54 years female: 79.38 years (2003 est.) |
total population: 75.66 years
male: 72.32 years female: 79.17 years (2002 est.) |
| Literacy | definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 98% male: 97.6% female: 98.4% (2003 est.) |
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 97.3% male: 96.9% female: 97.7% (1995 est.) |
| Merchant marine | total: 4 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 10,918 GRT/9,775 DWT
ships by type: chemical tanker 1, container 1, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 1 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Argentina 4, Greece 1 (2002 est.) |
total: 2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 7,752 GRT/5,228 DWT
ships by type: petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 1 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Argentina 4, Greece 1 (2002 est.) |
| Military manpower - availability | males age 15-49: 831,297 (2003 est.) | males age 15-49: 824,395 (2002 est.) |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | males age 15-49: 672,030 (2003 est.) | males age 15-49: 666,880 (2002 est.) |
| Net migration rate | -0.35 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) | -0.41 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Pipelines | gas 192 km (2003) | - |
| Population | 3,413,329 (July 2003 est.) | 3,386,575 (July 2002 est.) |
| Population growth rate | 0.79% (2003 est.) | 0.79% (2002 est.) |
| Radios | - | 1.97 million (1997) |
| Railways | total: 2,073 km
standard gauge: 2,073 km 1.435-m gauge note: 461 km have been taken out of service and 460 km are in partial use (2002) |
total: 2,993 km
standard gauge: 2,993 km 1.435-m gauge note: of the total route length, 461 km have been taken out of service and 460 km are in only partial use; moreover, not all lines offer passenger service (2001) |
| Sex ratio | at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2003 est.) |
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2002 est.) |
| Total fertility rate | 2.35 children born/woman (2003 est.) | 2.35 children born/woman (2002 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | 19.4% (2002) | 15.2% (2001) (2001) |
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