Compare Uruguay (2003) - Mauritius (2004)

Compare Uruguay (2003) z Mauritius (2004)

	Uruguay (2003)	Mauritius (2004)

Administrative divisions	19 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Artigas, Canelones, Cerro Largo, Colonia, Durazno, Flores, Florida, Lavalleja, Maldonado, Montevideo, Paysandu, Rio Negro, Rivera, Rocha, Salto, San Jose, Soriano, Tacuarembo, Treinta y Tres	9 districts and 3 dependencies; Agalega Islands, Black River, Cargados Carajos Shoals, Flacq, Grand Port, Moka, Pamplemousses, Plaines Wilhems, Port Louis, Riviere du Rempart, Rodrigues, Savanne
Age structure	0-14 years: 24.3% (male 425,642; female 404,987) 15-64 years: 62.6% (male 1,057,187; female 1,079,549) 65 years and over: 13.1% (male 182,696; female 263,268) (2003 est.)	0-14 years: 24.8% (male 152,424; female 149,908) 15-64 years: 68.8% (male 418,836; female 420,411) 65 years and over: 6.5% (male 31,104; female 47,798) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products	rice, wheat, corn, barley; livestock; fish	sugarcane, tea, corn, potatoes, bananas, pulses; cattle, goats; fish
Airports	64 (2002)	5 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 15 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 7 under 914 m: 2 (2002)	total: 2 over 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 49 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 16 under 914 m: 31 (2002)	total: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Area	total: 176,220 sq km land: 173,620 sq km water: 2,600 sq km	total: 2,040 sq km land: 2,030 sq km water: 10 sq km note: includes Agalega Islands, Cargados Carajos Shoals (Saint Brandon), and Rodrigues
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than the state of Washington	almost 11 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	A violent Marxist urban guerrilla movement, the Tupamaros, launched in the late 1960s, led Uruguay's president to agree to military control of his administration in 1973. By yearend, the rebels had been crushed, but the military continued to expand its hold throughout the government. Civilian rule was not restored until 1985. Uruguay's political and labor conditions are among the freest on the continent.	Discovered by the Portuguese in 1505, Mauritius was subsequently held by the Dutch, French, and British before independence was attained in 1968. A stable democracy with regular free elections and a positive human rights record, the country has attracted considerable foreign investment and has earned one of Africa's highest per capita incomes. Recent poor weather and declining sugar prices have slowed economic growth, leading to some protests over standards of living in the Creole community.
Birth rate	17.19 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)	15.85 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget	revenues: $3.7 billion expenditures: $4.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $500 million (2000)	revenues: $1.122 billion expenditures: $1.461 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2003)
Capital	Montevideo	Port Louis
Climate	warm temperate; freezing temperatures almost unknown	tropical, modified by southeast trade winds; warm, dry winter (May to November); hot, wet, humid summer (November to May)
Coastline	660 km	177 km
Constitution	27 November 1966, effective February 1967, suspended 27 June 1973, new constitution rejected by referendum 30 November 1980; two constitutional reforms approved by plebiscite 26 November 1989 and 7 January 1997	12 March 1968; amended 12 March 1992
Country name	conventional long form: Oriental Republic of Uruguay conventional short form: Uruguay local long form: Republica Oriental del Uruguay local short form: Uruguay former: Banda Oriental, Cisplatine Province	conventional long form: Republic of Mauritius conventional short form: Mauritius
Currency	Uruguayan peso (UYU)	Mauritian rupee (MUR)
Death rate	8.97 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)	6.82 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external	$11.8 billion (2002 est.)	$1.75 billion (2003 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Martin J. SILVERSTEIN embassy: Lauro Muller 1776, Montevideo 11200 mailing address: APO AA 34035 telephone: [598] (2) 418-7777 FAX: [598] (2) 418-8611	chief of mission: Ambassador John PRICE embassy: 4th Floor, Rogers House, John Kennedy Street, Port Louis mailing address: international mail: P. O. Box 544, Port Louis; US mail: American Embassy, Port Louis, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-2450 telephone: [230] 202-4400 FAX: [230] 208-9534
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Hugo FERNANDEZ-FAINGOLD chancery: 1913 I Street NW, Washington, DC 20006 telephone: [1] (202) 331-1313 through 1316 FAX: [1] (202) 331-8142 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Los Angeles, Miami, and New York	chief of mission: Ambassador Usha JEETAH chancery: 4301 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 441, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 244-1491, 1492 FAX: [1] (202) 966-0983
Disputes - international	uncontested dispute with Brazil over certain islands in the Quarai/Cuareim and Invernada streams and the resulting tripoint with Argentina	Mauritius claims the Chagos Archipelago (UK-administered British Indian Ocean Territory), and its former inhabitants, who reside chiefly in Mauritius, were granted UK citizenship and the right to repatriation in 2001; claims French-administered Tromelin Island
Economic aid - recipient	$NA	$42 million (1997)
Economy - overview	Uruguay's economy is characterized by an export-oriented agricultural sector, a well-educated workforce, and high levels of social spending. After averaging growth of 5% annually during 1996-98, in 1999-2002 the economy suffered a major downturn, stemming largely from lower demand in Argentina and Brazil, which together account for nearly half of Uruguay's exports. Total GDP in these four years dropped by nearly 20%, with 2002 the worst year. Unemployment rose to nearly 20% in 2002, inflation surged, and the burden of external debt doubled. Cooperation with the IMF and the US has limited the damage, which is still extensive. Moves to reschedule debt and promote economic recovery may help limit a further decline in output in 2003.	Since independence in 1968, Mauritius has developed from a low-income, agriculturally based economy to a middle-income diversified economy with growing industrial, financial, and tourist sectors. For most of the period, annual growth has been in the order of 5% to 6%. This remarkable achievement has been reflected in more equitable income distribution, increased life expectancy, lowered infant mortality, and a much-improved infrastructure. Sugarcane is grown on about 90% of the cultivated land area and accounts for 25% of export earnings. The government's development strategy centers on expanding local financial institutions and building a domestic information telecommunications industry. Mauritius has attracted more than 9,000 offshore entities, many aimed at commerce in India and South Africa, and investment in the banking sector alone has reached over $1 billion. Mauritius, with its strong textile sector and responsible fiscal management, has been well poised to take advantage of the Africa Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA).
Electricity - consumption	6.152 billion kWh (2001)	1.219 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports	1.377 billion kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports	123 million kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production	7.963 billion kWh (2001)	1.311 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 0.7% hydro: 99.1% nuclear: 0% other: 0.3% (2001)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Cerro Catedral 514 m	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Mont Piton 828 m
Environment - current issues	water pollution from meat packing/tannery industry; inadequate solid/hazardous waste disposal	water pollution, degradation of coral reefs
Environment - international agreements	party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	white 88%, mestizo 8%, black 4%, Amerindian, practically nonexistent	Indo-Mauritian 68%, Creole 27%, Sino-Mauritian 3%, Franco-Mauritian 2%
Exchange rates	Uruguayan pesos per US dollar - 21.26 (2002), 13.32 (2001), 12.1 (2000), 11.34 (1999), 10.47 (1998)	Mauritian rupees per US dollar - 27.9015 (2003), 29.962 (2002), 29.1293 (2001), 26.2496 (2000), 25.1858 (1999)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Jorge BATLLE Ibanez (since 1 March 2000) and Vice President Luis HIERRO (since 1 March 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Jorge BATLLE Ibanez (since 1 March 2000) and Vice President Luis HIERRO (since 1 March 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president with parliamentary approval elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for five-year terms; election last held 31 October 1999, with runoff election on 28 November 1999 (next to be held NA 2004) election results: Jorge BATLLE Ibanez elected president; percent of vote - Jorge BATLLE Ibanez 52% in a runoff against Tabare VAZQUEZ 44%	chief of state: President Sir Anerood JUGNAUTH (since 7 October 2003) and Vice President Abdool Raouf BUNDHUN (since 25 February 2002) head of government: Prime Minister Paul BERENGER (since 30 September 2003) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister elections: president and vice president elected by the National Assembly for five-year terms; election last held 25 February 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the president, responsible to the National Assembly election results: Karl OFFMANN elected president and Raouf BUNDHUN elected vice president; percent of vote by the National Assembly - NA; note - Karl OFFMANN stepped down on 30 September 2003
Exports	NA (2001)	NA (2001)
Exports - commodities	meat, rice, leather products, wool, vehicles, dairy products	clothing and textiles, sugar, cut flowers, molasses
Exports - partners	Brazil 21%, Argentina 15%, US 8.1%, Germany 5.1%, Italy 4% (2002)	UK 31%, France 21.3%, US 17.6%, Madagascar 6.3% (2003)
Fiscal year	calendar year	1 July - 30 June
Flag description	nine equal horizontal stripes of white (top and bottom) alternating with blue; there is a white square in the upper hoist-side corner with a yellow sun bearing a human face known as the Sun of May and 16 rays alternately triangular and wavy	four equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue, yellow, and green
GDP	purchasing power parity - $26.82 billion (2002 est.)	purchasing power parity - $13.85 billion (2003 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 6% industry: 27% services: 67% (2001)	agriculture: 6.1% industry: 30.3% services: 63.6% (2003 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $7,900 (2002 est.)	purchasing power parity - $11,400 (2003 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	-10.8% (2002 est.)	4.1% (2003 est.)
Geographic coordinates	33 00 S, 56 00 W	20 17 S, 57 33 E
Geography - note	second-smallest South American country (after Suriname); most of the low-lying landscape (three-quarters of the country) is grassland, ideal for cattle and sheep raising	the main island, from which the country derives its name, is of volcanic origin and is almost entirely surrounded by coral reefs
Highways	total: 8,983 km paved: 8,081 km unpaved: 902 km (1999 est.)	total: 1,926 km paved: 1,868 km (including 44 km of expressways) unpaved: 58 km (2000)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: 3.7% highest 10%: 25.8% (1997)	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Illicit drugs	-	minor consumer and transshipment point for heroin from South Asia; small amounts of cannabis produced and consumed locally; significant offshore financial industry creates potential for money laundering, but corruption levels are relatively low and the government appears generally to be committed to regulating its banking industry
Imports	NA (2001)	NA (2001)
Imports - commodities	machinery, chemicals, road vehicles, crude petroleum	manufactured goods, capital equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals
Imports - partners	Argentina 25.6%, Brazil 22.7%, US 7.7%, Venezuela 6.2% (2002)	South Africa 12.1%, France 12%, China 8.4%, India 8.2% (2003)
Independence	25 August 1825 (from Brazil)	12 March 1968 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate	-12% (2002 est.)	8% (2000 est.)
Industries	food processing, electrical machinery, transportation equipment, petroleum products, textiles, chemicals, beverages	food processing (largely sugar milling), textiles, clothing; chemicals, metal products, transport equipment, nonelectrical machinery; tourism
Infant mortality rate	total: 13.8 deaths/1,000 live births male: 15.61 deaths/1,000 live births female: 11.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)	total: 15.57 deaths/1,000 live births male: 18.36 deaths/1,000 live births female: 12.73 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	14.1% (2002 est.)	4.2% (2003 est.)
International organization participation	ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM (observer), OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMEE, UNMISET, UNMOGIP, UNMOT, UNOMIG, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO	ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, C, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	14 (2001)	-
Irrigated land	1,800 sq km (1998 est.)	200 sq km (2000 est.)
Judicial branch	Supreme Court (judges are nominated by the president and elected for 10-year terms by the General Assembly)	Supreme Court
Labor force	1.2 million (2001)	560,000 (2003)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 14%, industry 16%, services 70%	agriculture and fishing 14%, construction and industry 36%, transportation and communication 7%, trade, restaurants, hotels 16%, finance 3%, other services 24% (1995)
Land boundaries	total: 1,564 km border countries: Argentina 579 km, Brazil 985 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 7.21% permanent crops: 0.27% other: 92.52% (1998 est.)	arable land: 49.26% permanent crops: 2.96% other: 47.78% (2001)
Languages	Spanish, Portunol, or Brazilero (Portuguese-Spanish mix on the Brazilian frontier)	English (official), Creole, French (official), Hindi, Urdu, Hakka, Bhojpuri
Legal system	based on Spanish civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction	based on French civil law system with elements of English common law in certain areas
Legislative branch	bicameral General Assembly or Asamblea General consists of Chamber of Senators or Camara de Senadores (30 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and Chamber of Representatives or Camara de Representantes (99 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: Chamber of Senators - last held 31 October 1999 (next to be held NA 2004); Chamber of Representatives - last held 31 October 1999 (next to be held NA 2004) election results: Chamber of Senators - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Encuentro Progresista 12, Colorado Party 10, Blanco 7, New Sector/Space Coalition 1; Chamber of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Encuentro Progresista 40, Colorado Party 33, Blanco 22, New Sector/Space Coalition 4	unicameral National Assembly (66 seats; 62 elected by popular vote, 4 appointed by the election commission from the losing political parties to give representation to various ethnic minorities; members serve five-year terms) elections: last held on 11 September 2000 (next to be held NA September 2004) election results: percent of vote by party - MSM/MMM 52.3%, MLP/PMSD 36.9%, OPR 10.8%; seats by party - MSM/MMM 54, MLP/PMSD 6, OPR 2
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 75.87 years male: 72.54 years female: 79.38 years (2003 est.)	total population: 72.09 years male: 68.11 years female: 76.13 years (2004 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 98% male: 97.6% female: 98.4% (2003 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 85.6% male: 88.6% female: 82.7% (2003 est.)
Location	Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Argentina and Brazil	Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar
Map references	South America	Political Map of the World
Maritime claims	contiguous zone: 24 NM continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
Merchant marine	total: 4 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 10,918 GRT/9,775 DWT ships by type: chemical tanker 1, container 1, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 1 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Argentina 4, Greece 1 (2002 est.)	total: 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 22,946 GRT/27,102 DWT by type: cargo 1, combination bulk 4, passenger/cargo 1, refrigerated cargo 2 foreign-owned: Belgium 1, India 4, Switzerland 2 (2004 est.)
Military branches	Army, Navy (including Naval Air Arm, Coast Guard, Marines), Air Force, Police (Coracero Guard, Grenadier Guard)	National Police Force (includes the paramilitary Special Mobile Force or SMF and National Coast Guard)
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$250 million (1999)	$11.2 million (2003)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	1.1% (2000)	0.2% (2003)
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 831,297 (2003 est.)	males age 15-49: 342,482 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 672,030 (2003 est.)	males age 15-49: 172,157 (2004 est.)
National holiday	Independence Day, 25 August (1825)	Independence Day, 12 March (1968)
Nationality	noun: Uruguayan(s) adjective: Uruguayan	noun: Mauritian(s) adjective: Mauritian
Natural hazards	seasonally high winds (the pampero is a chilly and occasional violent wind which blows north from the Argentine pampas), droughts, floods; because of the absence of mountains, which act as weather barriers, all locations are particularly vulnerable to rapid changes from weather fronts	cyclones (November to April); almost completely surrounded by reefs that may pose maritime hazards
Natural resources	arable land, hydropower, minor minerals, fisheries	arable land, fish
Net migration rate	-0.35 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)	-0.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Pipelines	gas 192 km (2003)	-
Political parties and leaders	Colorado Party [Jorge BATLLE Ibanez]; National Party or Blanco [Luis Alberto LACALLE Herrera]; New Sector/Space Coalition or Nuevo Espacio [Rafael MICHELINI]; Progressive Encounter/Broad Front Coalition or Encuentro Progresista/Frente Amplio [Tabare VAZQUEZ]	Hizbullah [Cehl Mohamed FAKEEMEEAH]; Mauritian Labor Party or MLP [Navinchandra RAMGOOLAM]; Mauritian Militant Movement or MMM [Paul BERENGER] - in coalition with MSM; Mauritian Social Democrat Party or PMSD [Charles Xavier-Luc DUVAL]; Militant Socialist Movement or MSM [Pravind JUGNAUTH] - governing party; Rodrigues Movement or MR [Joseph (Nicholas) Von MALLY]; Rodrigues Peoples Organization or OPR [Serge CLAIR]
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	various labor unions
Population	3,413,329 (July 2003 est.)	1,220,481 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line	6% (1997)	10% (2001 est.)
Population growth rate	0.79% (2003 est.)	0.81% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors	Colonia, Fray Bentos, Juan La Caze, La Paloma, Montevideo, Nueva Palmira, Paysandu, Punta del Este, Piriapolis	Port Louis
Radio broadcast stations	AM 91, FM 149, shortwave 7 (2001)	AM 4, FM 9, shortwave 0 (2002)
Railways	total: 2,073 km standard gauge: 2,073 km 1.435-m gauge note: 461 km have been taken out of service and 460 km are in partial use (2002)	-
Religions	Roman Catholic 66% (less than half of the adult population attends church regularly), Protestant 2%, Jewish 1%, nonprofessing or other 31%	Hindu 52%, Christian 28.3% (Roman Catholic 26%, Protestant 2.3%), Muslim 16.6%, other 3.1%
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2003 est.)	at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.65 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal and compulsory	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: fully digitalized domestic: most modern facilities concentrated in Montevideo; new nationwide microwave radio relay network international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2002)	general assessment: small system with good service domestic: primarily microwave radio relay trunk system international: country code - 230; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean); new microwave link to Reunion; HF radiotelephone links to several countries; fiber optic submarine cable (SAT-3/WASC/SAFE) provides connectivity to Europe and Asia
Telephones - main lines in use	929,141 (2001)	348,200 (2003)
Telephones - mobile cellular	350,000 (2001)	462,400 (2003)
Television broadcast stations	20 (2001)	2 (plus several repeaters) (1997)
Terrain	mostly rolling plains and low hills; fertile coastal lowland	small coastal plain rising to discontinuous mountains encircling central plateau
Total fertility rate	2.35 children born/woman (2003 est.)	1.97 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate	19.4% (2002)	9.8% (2003 est.)
Waterways	1,600 km (used by coastal and shallow-draft river craft)	-

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