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Compare Turkey (2002) - Anguilla (2001)

Compare Turkey (2002) z Anguilla (2001)

 Turkey (2002)Anguilla (2001)
 TurkeyAnguilla
Administrative divisions 81 provinces (iller, singular - il); Adana, Adiyaman, Afyon, Agri, Aksaray, Amasya, Ankara, Antalya, Ardahan, Artvin, Aydin, Balikesir, Bartin, Batman, Bayburt, Bilecik, Bingol, Bitlis, Bolu, Burdur, Bursa, Canakkale, Cankiri, Corum, Denizli, Diyarbakir, Duzce, Edirne, Elazig, Erzincan, Erzurum, Eskisehir, Gaziantep, Giresun, Gumushane, Hakkari, Hatay, Icel, Igdir, Isparta, Istanbul, Izmir, Kahramanmaras, Karabuk, Karaman, Kars, Kastamonu, Kayseri, Kilis, Kirikkale, Kirklareli, Kirsehir, Kocaeli, Konya, Kutahya, Malatya, Manisa, Mardin, Mugla, Mus, Nevsehir, Nigde, Ordu, Osmaniye, Rize, Sakarya, Samsun, Sanliurfa, Siirt, Sinop, Sirnak, Sivas, Tekirdag, Tokat, Trabzon, Tunceli, Usak, Van, Yalova, Yozgat, Zonguldak none (overseas territory of the UK)
Age structure 0-14 years: 27.8% (male 9,520,030; female 9,178,423)


15-64 years: 65.9% (male 22,552,253; female 21,827,002)


65 years and over: 6.3% (male 1,946,523; female 2,284,697) (2002 est.)
0-14 years:
25.55% (male 1,574; female 1,526)

15-64 years:
67.47% (male 4,200; female 3,985)

65 years and over:
6.98% (male 376; female 471) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products tobacco, cotton, grain, olives, sugar beets, pulse, citrus; livestock small quantities of tobacco, vegetables; cattle raising
Airports 120 (2001) 3 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 86


over 3,047 m: 16


2,438 to 3,047 m: 30


1,524 to 2,437 m: 19


914 to 1,523 m: 16


under 914 m: 5 (2002)
total:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 34 34


over 3,047 m: 1 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 8


under 914 m: 8 24 (2002)
total:
2

under 914 m:
2 (2000 est.)
Area total: 780,580 sq km


land: 770,760 sq km


water: 9,820 sq km
total:
91 sq km

land:
91 sq km

water:
0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly larger than Texas about half the size of Washington, DC
Background Turkey was created in 1923 from the Turkish remnants of the Ottoman Empire. Soon thereafter the country instituted secular laws to replace traditional religious fiats. In 1945 Turkey joined the UN, and in 1952 it became a member of NATO. Turkey occupied the northern portion of Cyprus in 1974 to prevent a Greek takeover of the island; relations between the two countries remain strained but have begun to improve over the past three years. In 1984, the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), a Marxist-Leninist, separatist group, initiated an insurgency in southeast Turkey, often using terrorist tactics to try to attain its goal of an independent Kurdistan. The group - whose leader, Abdullah OCALAN, was captured in Kenya in February 1999 - has observed a unilateral cease-fire since September 1999, although there have been occasional clashes between Turkish military units and some of the 4,000-5,000 armed PKK militants, most of whom currently are encamped in northern Iraq. The PKK changed its name to the Kurdistan Freedom and Democracy Congress (KADEK) in April 2002. Colonized by English settlers from Saint Kitts in 1650, Anguilla was administered by Great Britain until the early 19th century, when the island - against the wishes of the inhabitants - was incorporated into a single British dependency along with Saint Kitts and Nevis. Several attempts at separation failed. In 1971, two years after a revolt, Anguilla was finally allowed to secede; this arrangement was formally recognized in 1980 with Anguilla becoming a separate British dependency.
Birth rate 17.95 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) 15.17 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $42.4 billion


expenditures: $69.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2001)
revenues:
$20.4 million

expenditures:
$23.3 million, including capital expenditures of $3.8 million (1997 est.)
Capital Ankara The Valley
Climate temperate; hot, dry summers with mild, wet winters; harsher in interior tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds
Coastline 7,200 km 61 km
Constitution 7 November 1982 Anguilla Constitutional Order 1 April 1982; amended 1990
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Turkey


conventional short form: Turkey


local long form: Turkiye Cumhuriyeti


local short form: Turkiye
conventional long form:
none

conventional short form:
Anguilla
Currency Turkish lira (TRL) East Caribbean dollar (XCD)
Death rate 5.95 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) 5.61 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $118.3 billion (September 2001 ) $8.8 million (1998)
Dependency status - overseas territory of the UK
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Robert W. PEARSON


embassy: 110 Ataturk Boulevard, Kavaklidere, 06100 Ankara


mailing address: PSC 93, Box 5000, APO AE 09823


telephone: [90] (312) 455-5555


FAX: [90] (312) 468-0019


consulate(s) general: Istanbul


consulate(s): Adana
none (overseas territory of the UK)
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Dr. Osman Faruk LOGOGLU


chancery: 2525 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 612-6700


FAX: [1] (202) 612-6744


consulate(s) general: Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, and New York
none (overseas territory of the UK)
Disputes - international complex maritime, air, and territorial disputes with Greece in Aegean Sea; Cyprus question with Greece; dispute with downstream riparian states (Syria and Iraq) over water development plans for the Tigris and Euphrates rivers; traditional demands regarding former Armenian lands in Turkey have subsided; Turkey is quick to rebuff any perceived Syrian claim to Hatay province; border with Armenia remains closed over Nagorno-Karabakh dispute none
Economic aid - recipient ODA, $300 million (1993) (2000) $3.5 million (1995)
Economy - overview Turkey's dynamic economy is a complex mix of modern industry and commerce along with a traditional agriculture sector that in 2001 still accounted for 40% of employment. It has a strong and rapidly growing private sector, yet the state still plays a major role in basic industry, banking, transport, and communication. The most important industry - and largest export - is textiles and clothing, which is almost entirely in private hands. In recent years the economic situation has been marked by erratic economic growth and serious imbalances. Real GNP growth has exceeded 6% in many years, but this strong expansion has been interrupted by sharp declines in output in 1994, 1999, and 2001. Meanwhile the public sector fiscal deficit has regularly exceeded 10% of GDP - due in large part to the huge burden of interest payments, which in 2001 accounted for more than 50% of central government spending - while inflation has remained in the high double digit range. Perhaps because of these problems, foreign direct investment in Turkey remains low - less than $1 billion annually. In late 2000 and early 2001 a growing trade deficit and serious weaknesses in the banking sector plunged the economy into crisis - forcing Ankara to float the lira and pushing the country into recession. Results in 2002 were much better, because of strong financial support from the IMF and tighter fiscal policy. Continued slow global growth and serious political tensions in the Middle East cast a shadow over growth prospects for 2003. Anguilla has few natural resources, and the economy depends heavily on luxury tourism, offshore banking, lobster fishing, and remittances from emigrants. The economy, and especially the tourism sector, suffered a setback in late 1995 due to the effects of Hurricane Luis in September but recovered in 1996. Increased activity in the tourism industry, which has spurred the growth of the construction sector, has contributed to economic growth. Anguillan officials have put substantial effort into developing the offshore financial sector. A comprehensive package of financial services legislation was enacted in late 1994. In the medium term, prospects for the economy will depend on the tourism sector and, therefore, on continuing income growth in the industrialized nations as well as favorable weather conditions.
Electricity - consumption 114.19 billion kWh (2000) NA kWh
Electricity - exports 437 million kWh (2000) -
Electricity - imports 3.791 billion kWh (2000) -
Electricity - production 119.18 billion kWh (2000) NA kWh
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 74%


hydro: 26%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
fossil fuel:
NA%

hydro:
NA%

nuclear:
NA%

other:
NA%
Elevation extremes lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m


highest point: Mount Ararat 5,166 m
lowest point:
Caribbean Sea 0 m

highest point:
Crocus Hill 65 m
Environment - current issues water pollution from dumping of chemicals and detergents; air pollution, particularly in urban areas; deforestation; concern for oil spills from increasing Bosporus ship traffic supplies of potable water sometimes cannot meet increasing demand largely because of poor distribution system
Environment - international agreements party to: Air Pollution, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Environmental Modification
-
Ethnic groups Turkish 80%, Kurdish 20% black
Exchange rates Turkish liras per US dollar - 1,223,140 (January 2002), 1,223,140 (2001), 625,219 (2000), 418,783 (1999), 260,724 (1998), 151,865 (1997) East Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7000 (fixed rate since 1976)
Executive branch chief of state: President Ahmet Necdet SEZER (since 16 May 2000)


head of government: Prime Minister Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN (14 March 2003); note - Abdullah GUL resigned 11 March 2003; Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN was given a mandate to form a government


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the nomination of the prime minister


note: a National Security Council serves as an advisory body to the president and the cabinet


elections: president elected by the National Assembly for a seven-year term; election last held 5 May 2000 (next to be held NA May 2007); prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president


election results: Ahmed Necdet SEZER elected president on the third ballot; percent of National Assembly vote - 60%


note: president must have a two-thirds majority of the National Assembly on the first two ballots and a simple majority on the third ballot
chief of state:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor Peter JOHNSTON (since NA February 2000)

head of government:
Chief Minister Osbourne FLEMING (since 3 March 2000)

cabinet:
Executive Council appointed by the governor from among the elected members of the House of Assembly

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; chief minister appointed by the governor from among the members of the House of Assembly
Exports $37.6 billion f.o.b. (2002) $4.5 million (1998)
Exports - commodities apparel, foodstuffs, textiles, metal manufactures, transport equipment lobster, fish, livestock, salt
Exports - partners Germany 17.2%, US 10.0%, Italy 7.5%, UK 6.9%, France 6.0%, Russia 2.9% (2001) NA
Fiscal year calendar year 1 April - 31 March
Flag description red with a vertical white crescent (the closed portion is toward the hoist side) and white five-pointed star centered just outside the crescent opening blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Anguillan coat of arms centered in the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms depicts three orange dolphins in an interlocking circular design on a white background with blue wavy water below
GDP purchasing power parity - $468 billion (2002 est.) purchasing power parity - $96 million (1999 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 13%


industry: 30%


services: 57% (2001)
agriculture:
4%

industry:
18%

services:
78% (1997 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $7,000 (2002 est.) purchasing power parity - $8,200 (1999 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 4.2% (2002 est.) 7% (1999 est.)
Geographic coordinates 39 00 N, 35 00 E 18 15 N, 63 10 W
Geography - note strategic location controlling the Turkish Straits (Bosporus, Sea of Marmara, Dardanelles) that link Black and Aegean Seas; Mount Ararat, the legendary landing place of Noah's Ark, is in the far eastern portion of the country -
Heliports 8 (2002) -
Highways total: 382,059 km


paved: 106,976 km (including 1,726 km of expressways)


unpaved: 275,083 km (1999 est.)
total:
279 km

paved:
253 km

unpaved:
26 km (1998 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: 2%


highest 10%: 32% (1994)
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Illicit drugs key transit route for Southwest Asian heroin to Western Europe and - to a far lesser extent the US - via air, land, and sea routes; major Turkish, Iranian, and other international trafficking organizations operate out of Istanbul; laboratories to convert imported morphine base into heroin are in remote regions of Turkey as well as near Istanbul; government maintains strict controls over areas of legal opium poppy cultivation and output of poppy straw concentrate transshipment point for South American narcotics destined for the US and Europe
Imports $43.9 billion c.i.f. (2002 est.) $57.6 million (1998)
Imports - commodities machinery, chemicals, semi-finished goods, fuels, transport equipment NA
Imports - partners Germany 12.9%, Italy 8.4%, Russia 8.3%, US 7.9%, France 5.5%, UK 4.6% (2001 est.) NA
Independence 29 October 1923 (successor state to the Ottoman Empire) none (overseas territory of the UK)
Industrial production growth rate 8.5% (2002 est.) 3.1% (1997 est.)
Industries textiles, food processing, autos, mining (coal, chromite, copper, boron), steel, petroleum, construction, lumber, paper tourism, boat building, offshore financial services
Infant mortality rate 45.77 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) 24.56 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 45.2% (2002) 2.5% (1998 est.)
International organization participation AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CCC, CE, CERN (observer), EAPC, EBRD, ECE, ECO, ESCAP, EU (applicant), FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNOMIG, UNRWA, UNTAET, UPU, WEU (associate), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC Caricom (associate), CDB, Interpol (subbureau), OECS (associate), ECLAC (associate)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 50 (2001) 16 (2000)
Irrigated land 42,000 sq km (1998 est.) NA sq km
Judicial branch Constitutional Court (judges are appointed by the president); Court of Appeals (judges are elected by the Supreme Council of Judges and Prosecutors) High Court (judge provided by Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court)
Labor force 23.8 million (2001 3rd quarter)


note: about 1.2 million Turks work abroad (1999)
4,400 (1992)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 40%, services 38%, industry 22% (2001) commerce 36%, services 29%, construction 18%, transportation and utilities 10%, manufacturing 3%, agriculture/fishing/forestry/mining 4%
Land boundaries total: 2,648 km


border countries: Armenia 268 km, Azerbaijan 9 km, Bulgaria 240 km, Georgia 252 km, Greece 206 km, Iran 499 km, Iraq 352 km, Syria 822 km
0 km
Land use arable land: 34.53%


permanent crops: 3.36%


other: 62.11% (1998 est.)
arable land:
0%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
100% (mostly rock with sparse scrub oak, few trees, some commercial salt ponds)
Languages Turkish (official), Kurdish, Arabic, Armenian, Greek English (official)
Legal system derived from various European continental legal systems; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations based on English common law
Legislative branch unicameral Grand National Assembly of Turkey or Turkiye Buyuk Millet Meclisi (550 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 3 November 2002 (next to be held NA 2007)


election results: percent of vote by party - AKP 34.3%, CHP 19.4%, DYP 9.6%, MHP 8.3%, ANAP 5.1%, DSP 1.1%, and others; seats by party - AKP 363, CHP 178, independents 9; note - all other parties were under the 10% threshhold which entitles them to seats
unicameral House of Assembly (11 seats total, 7 elected by direct popular vote, 2 ex officio members and 2 appointed; members serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 3 March 2000 (next to be held NA March 2005)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UF 4, AUM 2, independent 1
Life expectancy at birth total population: 71.52 years


male: 69.15 years


female: 74.01 years (2002 est.)
total population:
76.31 years

male:
73.41 years

female:
79.29 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 85%


male: 94%


female: 77% (2000)
definition:
age 12 and over can read and write

total population:
95%

male:
95%

female:
95% (1984 est.)
Location southeastern Europe and southwestern Asia (that portion of Turkey west of the Bosporus is geographically part of Europe), bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Georgia, and bordering the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, between Greece and Syria Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, east of Puerto Rico
Map references Middle East Central America and the Caribbean
Maritime claims exclusive economic zone: in Black Sea only: to the maritime boundary agreed upon with the former USSR


territorial sea: 6 NM in the Aegean Sea; 12 NM in Black Sea and in Mediterranean Sea
exclusive fishing zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
3 NM
Merchant marine total: 553 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,674,099 GRT/9,108,819 DWT


ships by type: bulk 138, cargo 239, chemical tanker 45, combination bulk 5, combination ore/oil 2, container 27, liquefied gas 6, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 45, refrigerated cargo 3, roll on/roll off 27, short-sea passenger 10, specialized tanker 5


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Belize 1, Cyprus 1, Denmark 2, Greece 1, Italy 1, Thailand 1, United Kingdom 11 (2002 est.)
none (2000 est.)
Military - note - defense is the responsibility of the UK
Military branches Land Forces, Navy (includes Naval Air and Naval Infantry), Air Force, Coast Guard, Gendarmerie -
Military expenditures - dollar figure $8.1 billion (2002 est.) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 4.5% (2002 est.) -
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 19,219,177 (2002 est.) -
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 11,623,675 (2002 est.) -
Military manpower - military age 20 years of age (2002 est.) -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males: 674,805 (2002 est.) -
National holiday Independence Day, 29 October (1923) Anguilla Day, 30 May
Nationality noun: Turk(s)


adjective: Turkish
noun:
Anguillan(s)

adjective:
Anguillan
Natural hazards very severe earthquakes, especially in northern Turkey, along an arc extending from the Sea of Marmara to Lake Van frequent hurricanes and other tropical storms (July to October)
Natural resources antimony, coal, chromium, mercury, copper, borate, sulfur, iron ore, arable land, hydropower salt, fish, lobster
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) 17.23 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines crude oil 1,738 km; petroleum products 2,321 km; natural gas 708 km -
Political parties and leaders Democratic Left Party or DSP [Bulent ECEVIT]; Justice and Development Party or AKP [Recep Tayip ERDOGAN]; Motherland Party or ANAP [Mesut YILMAZ]; Nationalist Action Party or MHP [Devlet BAHCELI]; Republican People's Party or CHP [Deniz BAYKAL]; Saadet Party [Recai KUTAN]; note - KUTAN was head of the Virtue Party or FP which was banned by Turkey's Constitutional Court in June 2001; Socialist Democratic Party or TDP [Sema PISKINSUT]; True Path Party (sometimes translated as Right Path Party) or DYP [Tansu CILLER] Anguilla United Movement or AUM [Hubert HUGHES]; The United Front or UF [Osbourne FLEMMING, Victor BANKS], a coalition of the Anguilla Democratic Party or ADP and the Anguilla National Alliance or ANA
Political pressure groups and leaders Confederation of Revolutionary Workers Unions or DISK [Ridvan BUDAK]; Independent Industrialists and Businessmen's Association or MUSIAD [Erol YARAR]; Moral Rights Workers Union or Hak-Is [Salim USLU]; Turkish Industrialists' and Businessmen's Association or TUSIAD [Muharrem KAYHAN]; Turkish Confederation of Employers' Unions or TISK [Refik BAYDUR]; Turkish Confederation of Labor or Turk-Is [Bayram MERAL]; Turkish Union of Chambers of Commerce and Commodity Exchanges or TOBB [Fuat MIRAS] NA
Population 67,308,928 (July 2002 est.) 12,132 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA%
Population growth rate 1.2% (2002 est.) 2.68% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Gemlik, Hopa, Iskenderun, Istanbul, Izmir, Kocaeli (Izmit), Icel (Mersin), Samsun, Trabzon Blowing Point, Road Bay
Radio broadcast stations AM 16, FM 107, shortwave 6 (2001) AM 5, FM 6, shortwave 1 (1998)
Radios 11.3 million (1997) 3,000 (1997)
Railways total: 8,607 km


standard gauge: 8,607 km 1.435-m gauge (2,131 km electrified) (2001)
0 km
Religions Muslim 99.8% (mostly Sunni), other 0.2% (mostly Christians and Jews) Anglican 40%, Methodist 33%, Seventh-Day Adventist 7%, Baptist 5%, Roman Catholic 3%, other 12%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female


total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.03 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.05 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.8 male(s)/female

total population:
1.03 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: undergoing rapid modernization and expansion, especially with cellular telephones


domestic: additional digital exchanges are permitting a rapid increase in subscribers; the construction of a network of technologically advanced intercity trunk lines, using both fiber-optic cable and digital microwave radio relay is facilitating communication between urban centers; remote areas are reached by a domestic satellite system; the number of subscribers to mobile cellular telephone service is growing rapidly


international: international service is provided by three submarine fiber-optic cables in the Mediterranean and Black Seas, linking Turkey with Italy, Greece, Israel, Bulgaria, Romania, and Russia; also by 12 Intelsat earth stations, and by 328 mobile satellite terminals in the Inmarsat and Eutelsat systems (2002)
general assessment:
NA

domestic:
modern internal telephone system

international:
microwave radio relay to island of Saint Martin (Guadeloupe and Netherlands Antilles)
Telephones - main lines in use 19.5 million (1999) 5,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 17.1 million (2001) NA
Television broadcast stations 635 (plus 2,934 repeaters) (1995) 1 (1997)
Terrain mostly mountains; narrow coastal plain; high central plateau (Anatolia) flat and low-lying island of coral and limestone
Total fertility rate 2.07 children born/woman (2002 est.) 1.79 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 10.8% (plus underemployment of 6.1%) (2002 est.) 7% (1992 est.)
Waterways 1,200 km (approximately) none
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