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Compare Tonga (2005) - Guam (2002)
Compare Tonga (2005) z Guam (2002)
| Tonga (2005) | Guam (2002) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | 3 island groups; Ha'apai, Tongatapu, Vava'u | none (territory of the US) |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: 36.2% (male 20,738/female 19,907)
15-64 years: 59.7% (male 33,226/female 33,853) 65 years and over: 4.2% (male 2,031/female 2,667) (2005 est.) |
0-14 years: 35.1% (male 29,706; female 26,813)
15-64 years: 58.6% (male 49,457; female 44,697) 65 years and over: 6.3% (male 5,070; female 5,053) (2002 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | squash, coconuts, copra, bananas, vanilla beans, cocoa, coffee, ginger, black pepper; fish | fruits, copra, vegetables; eggs, pork, poultry, beef |
| Airports | 6 (2004 est.) | 5 (2001) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.) |
total: 4
over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | total: 5
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.) |
total: 1 1
under 914 m: 1 (2002) |
| Area | total: 748 sq km
land: 718 sq km water: 30 sq km |
total: 549 sq km
land: 549 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | four times the size of Washington, DC | three times the size of Washington, DC |
| Background | The archipelago of "The Friendly Islands" was united into a Polynesian kingdom in 1845. It became a constitutional monarchy in 1875 and a British protectorate in 1900. Tonga acquired its independence in 1970 and became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. It remains the only monarchy in the Pacific. | Guam was ceded to the US by Spain in 1898. Captured by the Japanese in 1941, it was retaken by the US three years later. The military installation on the island is one of the most strategically important US bases in the Pacific. |
| Birth rate | 25.18 births/1,000 population (2005 est.) | 24.09 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Budget | revenues: $39.9 million
expenditures: $52.4 million, including capital expenditures of $1.9 million (FY99/00 est.) |
revenues: $420 million
expenditures: $431 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.) |
| Capital | Nuku'alofa | Hagatna (Agana) |
| Climate | tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December) | tropical marine; generally warm and humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season from January to June, rainy season from July to December; little seasonal temperature variation |
| Coastline | 419 km | 125.5 km |
| Constitution | 4 November 1875; revised 1 January 1967 | Organic Act of 1 August 1950 |
| Country name | conventional long form: Kingdom of Tonga
conventional short form: Tonga former: Friendly Islands |
conventional long form: Territory of Guam
conventional short form: Guam local long form: Guahan |
| Currency | - | US dollar (USD) |
| Death rate | 5.35 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.) | 4.24 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Debt - external | $63.4 million (2001) | $NA |
| Dependency status | - | organized, unincorporated territory of the US with policy relations between Guam and the US under the jurisdiction of the Office of Insular Affairs, US Department of the Interior |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | the US does not have an embassy in Tonga; the ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Tonga | none (territory of the US) |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | chief of mission: Ambassador Fekitamoeloa 'UTOIKAMANU
chancery: 250 East 51st Street, New York, NY 10022 telephone: [1] (917) 369-1025 FAX: [1] (917) 369-1024 consulate(s) general: San Francisco |
none (territory of the US) |
| Disputes - international | none | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | Australia $5.5 million, New Zealand $2.3 million (FY01/02) | Guam receives large transfer payments from the US Federal Treasury ($143 million in 1997) into which Guamanians pay no income or excise taxes; under the provisions of a special law of Congress, the Guam Treasury, rather than the US Treasury, receives federal income taxes paid by military and civilian Federal employees stationed in Guam |
| Economy - overview | Tonga, a small, open, South Pacific island economy, has a narrow export base in agricultural goods. Squash, coconuts, bananas, and vanilla beans are the main crops, and agricultural exports make up two-thirds of total exports. The country must import a high proportion of its food, mainly from New Zealand. Tourism is the second largest source of hard currency earnings following remittances. The country remains dependent on external aid and remittances from Tongan communities overseas to offset its trade deficit. The government is emphasizing the development of the private sector, especially the encouragement of investment, and is committing increased funds for health and education. Tonga has a reasonably sound basic infrastructure and well-developed social services. High unemployment among the young, a continuing upturn in inflation, and rising civil service expenditures are major issues facing the government. | The economy depends on US military spending, tourism, and the export of fish and handicrafts. Total US grants, wage payments, and procurement outlays amounted to $1 billion in 1998. Over the past 20 years, the tourist industry has grown rapidly, creating a construction boom for new hotels and the expansion of older ones. More than 1 million tourists visit Guam each year. The industry has recently suffered setbacks because of the continuing Japanese slowdown; the Japanese normally make up almost 90% of the tourists. Most food and industrial goods are imported. Guam faces the problem of building up the civilian economic sector to offset the impact of military downsizing. |
| Electricity - consumption | 23.06 million kWh (2002) | 767.25 million kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - exports | 0 kWh (2002) | 0 kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - imports | 0 kWh (2002) | 0 kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - production | 24.79 million kWh (2002) | 825 million kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - production by source | - | fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: unnamed location on Kao Island 1,033 m |
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: Mount Lamlam 406 m |
| Environment - current issues | deforestation results as more and more land is being cleared for agriculture and settlement; some damage to coral reefs from starfish and indiscriminate coral and shell collectors; overhunting threatens native sea turtle populations | extirpation of native bird population by the rapid proliferation of the brown tree snake, an exotic, invasive species |
| Environment - international agreements | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
- |
| Ethnic groups | Polynesian, Europeans about 300 | Chamorro 37%, Filipino 26%, white 10%, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and other 27% |
| Exchange rates | pa'anga per US dollar - 1.9716 (2004), 2.142 (2003), 2.1952 (2002), 2.1236 (2001), 1.7585 (2000) | the US dollar is used |
| Executive branch | chief of state: King Taufa'ahau TUPOU IV (since 16 December 1965)
head of government: Prime Minister Prince Lavaka ata ULUKALALA (since 3 January 2000) and Deputy Prime Minister James C. COCKER (since NA January 2001) cabinet: cabinet consists of 16 members, 12 appointed by the monarch for life; 4 appointed from among the elected members of the Legislative Assembly including 2 each from the Nobles and Peoples representatives serving three year terms note: there is also a Privy Council that consists of the monarch, the Cabinet, and two governors elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed for life by the monarch |
chief of state: President George W. BUSH of the US (since 20 January 2001); Vice President Richard B. CHENEY (since 20 January 2001)
head of government: Governor Felix P. P. CAMACHO (since 6 January 2003) and Lieutenant Governor Kaleo MOYLAN (since 6 January 2003) cabinet: executive departments; heads appointed by the governor with the consent of the Guam legislature elections: US president and vice president elected on the same ticket for a four-year term; governor and lieutenant governor elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year term; election last held 5 November 2002 (next to be held NA November 2006) election results: Felix P. P. CAMACHO elected governor; percent of vote - Felix P. P. CAMACHO (Republican Party) 55.4%, Robert A. UNDERWOOD (Democratic Party) 44.6% |
| Exports | NA | $75.7 million f.o.b. (1999 est.) |
| Exports - commodities | squash, fish, vanilla beans, root crops | mostly transshipments of refined petroleum products; construction materials, fish, food and beverage products |
| Exports - partners | Japan 37.1%, China 18.7%, US 17.7%, Taiwan 8.7%, New Zealand 7.4% (2004) | US 25% |
| Fiscal year | 1 July - 30 June | 1 October - 30 September |
| Flag description | red with a bold red cross on a white rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner | territorial flag is dark blue with a narrow red border on all four sides; centered is a red-bordered, pointed, vertical ellipse containing a beach scene, outrigger canoe with sail, and a palm tree with the word GUAM superimposed in bold red letters; US flag is the national flag |
| GDP | - | purchasing power parity - $3.2 billion (2000 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture: 23%
industry: 13% services: 64% (2002 est.) |
agriculture: NA%
industry: 15% (1993) services: NA% (1993) |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $2,300 (2002 est.) | purchasing power parity - $21,000 (2000 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | 1.5% (2002 est.) | NA% |
| Geographic coordinates | 20 00 S, 175 00 W | 13 28 N, 144 47 E |
| Geography - note | archipelago of 169 islands (36 inhabited) | largest and southernmost island in the Mariana Islands archipelago; strategic location in western North Pacific Ocean |
| Highways | total: 680 km
paved: 184 km unpaved: 496 km (1999 est.) |
total: 885 km
paved: 675 km unpaved: 210 km note: there are also 685 km of roads classified non-public, including roads located on federal government installations |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA |
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
| Imports | NA | $203 million f.o.b. (1999 est.) |
| Imports - commodities | foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, chemicals | petroleum and petroleum products, food, manufactured goods |
| Imports - partners | New Zealand 37.1%, Fiji 24.3%, Australia 9.1%, China 8.9%, US 6.3% (2004) | US 23%, Japan 19% |
| Independence | 4 June 1970 (from UK protectorate) | none (territory of the US) |
| Industrial production growth rate | 8.6% (FY98/99) | NA% |
| Industries | tourism, fishing | US military, tourism, construction, transshipment services, concrete products, printing and publishing, food processing, textiles |
| Infant mortality rate | total: 12.62 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 13.97 deaths/1,000 live births female: 11.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.) |
6.58 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 10.3% (2002 est.) | 0% (1999 est.) |
| International organization participation | ACP, AsDB, C, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer) | ESCAP (associate), Interpol (subbureau), IOC, SPC |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | - | 20 (2000) |
| Irrigated land | NA | NA sq km |
| Judicial branch | Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch); Court of Appeal (consists of the Privy Council with the addition of the chief justice of the Supreme Court) | Federal District Court (judge is appointed by the president); Territorial Superior Court (judges appointed for eight-year terms by the governor) |
| Labor force | 33,910 (1996) | 60,000 (2000 est.) |
| Labor force - by occupation | agriculture 65% (1997 est.) | federal and territorial government 26%, private 74% (trade 24%, other services 40%, industry 10%) (2000 est.) |
| Land boundaries | 0 km | 0 km |
| Land use | arable land: 23.61%
permanent crops: 43.06% other: 33.33% (2001) |
arable land: 10.91%
permanent crops: 10.91% other: 78.18% (1998 est.) |
| Languages | Tongan, English | English, Chamorro, Japanese |
| Legal system | based on English law | modeled on US; US federal laws apply |
| Legislative branch | unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fale Alea (30 seats - 12 reserved for cabinet ministers sitting ex officio, nine for nobles selected by the country's 33 nobles, and nine elected by popular vote; members serve three-year terms)
elections: last held 21 March 2005 (next to be held in 2008) election results: Peoples Representatives: percent of vote - HRDMT 70%; seats - HRDMT 7, independents 2 |
unicameral Legislature (15 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve two-year terms)
elections: last held 5 November 2002 (next to be held 2 November 2004) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Democratic Party 9, Republican Party 6 note: Guam elects one nonvoting delegate to the US House of Representatives; election last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held 5 November 2002); results - Robert UNDERWOOD was reelected as delegate; percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Democratic Party 1 |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population: 69.53 years
male: 67.05 years female: 72.14 years (2005 est.) |
total population: 78.11 years
male: 75.81 years female: 80.72 years (2002 est.) |
| Literacy | definition: can read and write Tongan and/or English
total population: 98.9% male: 98.8% female: 99% (1996 est.) |
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99% male: 99% female: 99% (1990 est.) |
| Location | Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand | Oceania, island in the North Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to the Philippines |
| Map references | Oceania | Oceania |
| Maritime claims | territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation |
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM |
| Merchant marine | total: 29 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 136,977 GRT/200,751 DWT
by type: cargo 21, chemical tanker 1, liquefied gas 2, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 1, vehicle carrier 1 foreign-owned: 7 (Cyprus 1, France 1, Greece 1, Norway 1, Romania 2, United Kingdom 1) (2005) |
none (2002 est.) |
| Military - note | - | defense is the responsibility of the US |
| Military branches | Tonga Defense Services: Ground Forces (Royal Marines, Royal Guard), Maritime Force (includes Air Wing) | - |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | NA | - |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | NA | - |
| National holiday | Emancipation Day, 4 June (1970) | Discovery Day, first Monday in March (1521) |
| Nationality | noun: Tongan(s)
adjective: Tongan |
noun: Guamanian(s)
adjective: Guamanian |
| Natural hazards | cyclones (October to April); earthquakes and volcanic activity on Fonuafo'ou | frequent squalls during rainy season; relatively rare, but potentially very destructive typhoons (June - December) |
| Natural resources | fish, fertile soil | fishing (largely undeveloped), tourism (especially from Japan) |
| Net migration rate | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.) | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Political parties and leaders | there are no political parties | Democratic Party (party of Governor GUTIERREZ) [leader NA]; Republican Party (controls the legislature) [leader NA] |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | Human Rights and Democracy Movement Tonga or HRDMT [Rev. Simote VEA, chairman] | NA |
| Population | 112,422 (July 2005 est.) | 160,796 (July 2002 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA | 23% (2001 est.) |
| Population growth rate | 1.98% (2005 est.) | 1.99% (2002 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Nuku'alofa | Apra Harbor |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 1 (2004) | AM 4, FM 7, shortwave 0 (1998) |
| Radios | - | 221,000 (1997) |
| Railways | - | 0 km |
| Religions | Christian (Free Wesleyan Church claims over 30,000 adherents) | Roman Catholic 85%, other 15% (1999 est.) |
| Sex ratio | at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2005 est.) |
at birth: 1.14 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.11 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.11 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1 male(s)/female total population: 1.1 male(s)/female (2002 est.) |
| Suffrage | 21 years of age; universal | 18 years of age; universal; US citizens, but do not vote in US presidential elections |
| Telephone system | general assessment: competition between Tonga Telecommunications Corporation (TCC) and Shoreline Communications Tonga (SCT) is accelerating expansion of telecommunications; SCT recently granted authority to develop high-speed digital service for telephone, Internet, and television
domestic: fully automatic switched network international: country code - 676; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2004) |
general assessment: modern system, integrated with US facilities for direct dialing, including free use of 800 numbers
domestic: modern digital system, including cellular mobile service and local access to the Internet international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean); submarine cables to US and Japan (Guam is a trans-Pacific communications hub for MCI, Sprint, AT&T, IT&E, and GTE, linking the US and Asia) |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 11,200 (2002) | 84,134 (1998) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 9,000 (2004) | 55,000 (1998) |
| Television broadcast stations | 3 (2004) | 5 (1997) |
| Terrain | most islands have limestone base formed from uplifted coral formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic base | volcanic origin, surrounded by coral reefs; relatively flat coralline limestone plateau (source of most fresh water), with steep coastal cliffs and narrow coastal plains in north, low hills in center, mountains in south |
| Total fertility rate | 3 children born/woman (2005 est.) | 3.73 children born/woman (2002 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | 13.3% (1996 est.) | 15% (2000 est.) |
| Waterways | - | none |
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