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Compare Tonga (2004) - Croatia (2001)

Compare Tonga (2004) z Croatia (2001)

 Tonga (2004)Croatia (2001)
 TongaCroatia
Administrative divisions 3 island groups; Ha'apai, Tongatapu, Vava'u 20 counties (zupanije, zupanija - singular), 1 city (grad -singular)*: Bjelovarsko-Bilogorska Zupanija, Brodsko-Posavska Zupanija, Dubrovacko-Neretvanska Zupanija, Istarska Zupanija, Karlovacka Zupanija, Koprivnicko-Krizevacka Zupanija, Krapinsko-Zagorska Zupanija, Licko-Senjska Zupanija, Medimurska Zupanija, Osjecko-Baranjska Zupanija, Pozesko-Slavonska Zupanija, Primorsko-Goranska Zupanija, Sibensko-Kninska Zupanija, Sisacko-Moslavacka Zupanija, Splitsko-Dalmatinska Zupanija, Varazdinska Zupanija, Viroviticko-Podravska Zupanija, Vukovarsko-Srijemska Zupanija, Zadarska Zupanija, Zagreb*, Zagrebacka Zupanija
Age structure 0-14 years: 37.1% (male 20,873; female 20,050)


15-64 years: 58.7% (male 32,018; female 32,707)


65 years and over: 4.2% (male 2,005; female 2,584) (2004 est.)
0-14 years:
18.16% (male 403,722; female 383,151)

15-64 years:
66.61% (male 1,452,872; female 1,434,086)

65 years and over:
15.23% (male 245,727; female 414,584) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products squash, coconuts, copra, bananas, vanilla beans, cocoa, coffee, ginger, black pepper; fish wheat, corn, sugar beets, sunflower seed, alfalfa, clover, olives, citrus, grapes, soy beans, potatoes; livestock, dairy products
Airports 6 (2003 est.) 67 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 1


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
total:
22

over 3,047 m:
2

2,438 to 3,047 m:
6

1,524 to 2,437 m:
2

914 to 1,523 m:
4

under 914 m:
8 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 5


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 3


under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
total:
45

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
8

under 914 m:
36 (2000 est.)
Area total: 748 sq km


land: 718 sq km


water: 30 sq km
total:
56,542 sq km

land:
56,414 sq km

water:
128 sq km
Area - comparative four times the size of Washington, DC slightly smaller than West Virginia
Background The archipelago of "The Friendly Islands" was united into a Polynesian kingdom in 1845. It became a constitutional monarchy in 1875 and a British protectorate in 1900. Tonga acquired its independence in 1970 and became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. It remains the only monarchy in the Pacific. In 1918, the Croats, Serbs, and Slovenes formed a kingdom known after 1929 as Yugoslavia. Following World War II, Yugoslavia became an independent communist state under the strong hand of Marshal TITO. Although Croatia declared its independence from Yugoslavia in 1991, it took four years of sporadic, but often bitter, fighting before occupying Serb armies were mostly cleared from Croatian lands. Under UN supervision the last Serb-held enclave in eastern Slavonia was returned to Croatia in 1998.
Birth rate 24.87 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) 12.82 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $39.9 million


expenditures: $52.4 million, including capital expenditures of $1.9 million (FY99/00 est.)
revenues:
$6 billion

expenditures:
$4.7 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.)
Capital Nuku'alofa Zagreb
Climate tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December) Mediterranean and continental; continental climate predominant with hot summers and cold winters; mild winters, dry summers along coast
Coastline 419 km 5,835 km (mainland 1,777 km, islands 4,058 km)
Constitution 4 November 1875, revised 1 January 1967 adopted on 22 December 1990
Country name conventional long form: Kingdom of Tonga


conventional short form: Tonga


former: Friendly Islands
conventional long form:
Republic of Croatia

conventional short form:
Croatia

local long form:
Republika Hrvatska

local short form:
Hrvatska
Currency pa'anga (TOP) kuna (HRK)
Death rate 5.45 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) 11.41 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $63.4 million (2001) $9.9 billion (December 1999)
Diplomatic representation from the US the US does not have an embassy in Tonga; the ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Tonga chief of mission:
Ambassador Lawrence G. ROSSIN

embassy:
Andrije Hebranga 2, 100000 Zagreb

mailing address:
use street address

telephone:
[385] (1) 455-55-00

FAX:
[385] (1) 455-85-85
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Sonatane T. T. TUPOU


chancery: 250 East 51st Street, New York, NY 10022


telephone: [1] (917) 369-1025


FAX: [1] (917) 369-1024


consulate(s) general: San Francisco
chief of mission:
Ambassador Ivan GRDESIC

chancery:
2343 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 588-5899

FAX:
[1] (202) 588-8936

consulate(s) general:
Chicago, Cleveland, Los Angeles, New York
Disputes - international none Croatia and Italy made progress toward resolving a bilateral issue dating from World War II over property and ethnic minority rights; progress with Slovenia on discussions of adjustments to land boundary, but problems remain in defining maritime boundary in Gulf of Piran; Croatia and Yugoslavia are negotiating the status of the strategically important Prevlaka Peninsula, which is currently under a UN military observer mission (UNMOP)
Economic aid - recipient Australia $5.5 million, New Zealand $2.3 million (FY01/02) $NA
Economy - overview Tonga, a small, open, South Pacific island economy, has a narrow export base in agricultural goods. Squash, coconuts, bananas, and vanilla beans are the main crops, and agricultural exports make up two-thirds of total exports. The country must import a high proportion of its food, mainly from New Zealand. Tourism is the second-largest source of hard currency earnings following remittances. The country remains dependent on external aid and remittances from Tongan communities overseas to offset its trade deficit. The government is emphasizing the development of the private sector, especially the encouragement of investment, and is committing increased funds for health and education. Tonga has a reasonably sound basic infrastructure and well-developed social services. High unemployment among the young and the continuing upturn in inflation are major issues facing the government. Before the dissolution of Yugoslavia, the Republic of Croatia, after Slovenia, was the most prosperous and industrialized area, with a per capita output perhaps one-third above the Yugoslav average. Croatia faces considerable economic problems stemming from: the legacy of longtime communist mismanagement of the economy; damage during the internecine fighting to bridges, factories, power lines, buildings, and houses; the large refugee and displaced population, both Croatian and Bosnian; and the disruption of economic ties. Stepped-up Western aid and investment, especially in the tourist and oil industries, would help bolster the economy. The economy emerged from its mild recession in 2000 with tourism the main factor. Massive unemployment remains a key negative element. The government's failure to press the economic reforms needed to spur growth is largely the result of coalition politics and public resistance, particularly from the trade unions, to measures that would cut jobs, wages, or social benefits.
Electricity - consumption 25.36 million kWh (2001) 13.643 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2001) 1 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2001) 4.45 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 27.27 million kWh (2001) 10.96 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
40.89%

hydro:
59%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0.11% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location on Kao Island 1,033 m
lowest point:
Adriatic Sea 0 m

highest point:
Dinara 1,830 m
Environment - current issues deforestation results as more and more land is being cleared for agriculture and settlement; some damage to coral reefs from starfish and indiscriminate coral and shell collectors; overhunting threatens native sea turtle populations air pollution (from metallurgical plants) and resulting acid rain is damaging the forests; coastal pollution from industrial and domestic waste; landmine removal and reconstruction of infrastructure consequent to 1992-95 civil strife
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
party to:
Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Ethnic groups Polynesian, Europeans about 300 Croat 78.1%, Serb 12.2%, Bosniak 0.9%, Hungarian 0.5%, Slovenian 0.5%, Czech 0.4%, Albanian 0.3%, Montenegrin 0.3%, Roma 0.2%, others 6.6% (1991)
Exchange rates pa'anga per US dollar - NA (2003), 2.1952 (2002), 2.1236 (2001), 1.7585 (2000), 1.5991 (1999) kuna per US dollar - 8.089 (January 2001), 8.277 (2000), 7.112 (1999), 6.362 (1998), 6.101 (1997), 5.434 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: King Taufa'ahau TUPOU IV (since 16 December 1965)


head of government: Prime Minister Prince Lavaka ata ULUKALALA (since NA February 2000) and Deputy Prime Minister James C. COCKER (since NA January 2001)


cabinet: Cabinet, appointed by the monarch, consists of 12 members


note: there is also a Privy Council that consists of the monarch, the Cabinet, and two governors


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed for life by the monarch
chief of state:
President Stjepan (Stipe) MESIC (since 18 February 2000)

head of government:
Prime Minister Ivica RACAN (since 27 January 2000); Deputy Prime Ministers Goran GRANIC (since 27 January 2000), Zeljka ANTUNOVIC (since 27 January 2000), Slavko LINIC (since 27 January 2000)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers named by the prime minister and approved by the House of Representatives

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 7 February 2000 (next to be held NA 2005); prime minister nominated by the president in line with the balance of power in the Assembly

election results:
Stjepan MESIC elected president; percent of vote - Stjepan MESIC (HNS) 56%, Drazen BUDISA (HSLS) 44%

note:
government coalition - SDP, HSLS, HSS, LP, HNS, IDS
Exports NA (2001) $4.3 billion (f.o.b., 1999)
Exports - commodities squash, fish, vanilla beans, root crops transport equipment, textiles, chemicals, foodstuffs, fuels
Exports - partners US 50%, Japan 35.7%, Italy 3.6% (2003) Italy 18%, Germany 15.7%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 12.8%, Slovenia 10.6%, Austria 6.2% (1999)
Fiscal year 1 July - 30 June calendar year
Flag description red with a bold red cross on a white rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner red, white, and blue horizontal bands with Croatian coat of arms (red and white checkered)
GDP purchasing power parity - $236 million (2001 est.) purchasing power parity - $24.9 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 26%


industry: 12%


services: 62% (2002 est.)
agriculture:
10%

industry:
19%

services:
71% (1999 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $2,200 (2001 est.) purchasing power parity - $5,800 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 3% (2001 est.) 3.2% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 20 00 S, 175 00 W 45 10 N, 15 30 E
Geography - note archipelago of 169 islands (36 inhabited) controls most land routes from Western Europe to Aegean Sea and Turkish Straits
Heliports - 1 (2000 est.)
Highways total: 680 km


paved: 184 km


unpaved: 496 km (1999 est.)
total:
27,840 km

paved:
23,497 km (including 330 km of expressways)

unpaved:
4,343 km (1998)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Illicit drugs - transit point along the Balkan route for Southwest Asian heroin to Western Europe; a minor transit point for maritime shipments of South American cocaine bound for Western Europe
Imports NA (2001) $7.8 billion (c.i.f., 1999)
Imports - commodities foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, chemicals machinery, transport and electrical equipment, chemicals, fuels and lubricants, foodstuffs
Imports - partners New Zealand 43.4%, Fiji 22.2%, Australia 11.1%, US 6.1% (2003) Germany 18.5%, Italy 15.9%, Russia 8.6%, Slovenia 7.9%, Austria 7.1% (1999)
Independence 4 June 1970 (from UK protectorate) 25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)
Industrial production growth rate 8.6% (FY98/99) 1.7% (2000)
Industries tourism, fishing chemicals and plastics, machine tools, fabricated metal, electronics, pig iron and rolled steel products, aluminum, paper, wood products, construction materials, textiles, shipbuilding, petroleum and petroleum refining, food and beverages; tourism
Infant mortality rate total: 12.99 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 14.36 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 11.54 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
7.21 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 10.3% (2002 est.) 6% (2000 est.)
International organization participation ACP, AsDB, C, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO (observer) BIS, CCC, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NAM (observer), OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 9 (2000)
Irrigated land NA sq km 30 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch); Court of Appeal (consists of the Privy Council with the addition of the chief justice of the Supreme Court) Supreme Court; Constitutional Court; judges for both courts appointed for eight-year terms by the Judicial Council of the Republic, which is elected by the House of Representatives
Labor force 33,910 (1996) 1.68 million (October 2000)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 65% (1997 est.) agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%
Land boundaries 0 km total:
2,028 km

border countries:
Bosnia and Herzegovina 932 km, Hungary 329 km, Yugoslavia 266 km, Slovenia 501 km
Land use arable land: 23.61%


permanent crops: 43.06%


other: 33.33% (2001)
arable land:
21%

permanent crops:
2%

permanent pastures:
20%

forests and woodland:
38%

other:
19% (1993 est.)
Languages Tongan, English Croatian 96%, other 4% (including Italian, Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, and German)
Legal system based on English law based on civil law system
Legislative branch unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fale Alea (30 seats - 12 reserved for cabinet ministers sitting ex officio, nine for nobles selected by the country's 33 nobles, and nine elected by popular vote; members serve three-year terms)


elections: last held 7 March 2002 (next to be held NA 2005)


election results: percent of vote - HRDMT 70%; seats - HRDMT 7, traditionalist 2
bicameral Assembly or Sabor consists of the House of Counties or Zupanijski Dom (68 seats, 63 directly elected by popular vote, 5 appointed by the president; members serve four-year terms; note - House of Counties to be abolished in 2001) and House of Representatives or the Zastupnicki Dom (151 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections:
House of Counties - last held 13 April 1997; House of Representatives - last held 2-3 January 2000 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results:
House of Counties - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - HDZ 42, HSLS/HSS 11, HSS 2, IDS 2, SDP/PGS/HNS 2, SDP/HNS 2, HSLS/HSS/HNS 1, HSLS 1; note - in some districts certain parties ran as coalitions, while in others they ran alone; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - HDZ 46, SDP 44, HSLS 24, HSS 17, HSP/HKDU 5, IDS 4, HNS 2, independents 4, minority representatives 5
Life expectancy at birth total population: 69.2 years


male: 66.74 years


female: 71.79 years (2004 est.)
total population:
73.9 years

male:
70.28 years

female:
77.73 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: can read and write Tongan and/or English


total population: 98.5%


male: 98.4%


female: 98.7% (1996 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
97%

male:
99%

female:
95% (1991 est.)
Location Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia
Map references Oceania Europe
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm


continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
continental shelf:
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine total: 40 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 136,977 GRT/200,751 DWT


by type: bulk 3, cargo 21, chemical tanker 2, container 1, liquefied gas 4, petroleum tanker 5, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 1, specialized tanker 1, vehicle carrier 1


foreign-owned: Albania 1, Australia 4, Brazil 1, Cyprus 1, Egypt 1, Greece 1, Lebanon 1, Liberia 1, Marshall Islands 1, Norway 1, Panama 2, Romania 1, Russia 1, Saudi Arabia 1, Switzerland 3, Syria 1, United (2004 est.)
total:
53 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 631,853 GRT/969,739 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 11, cargo 18, chemical tanker 1, combination bulk 5, container 3, multi-functional large-load carrier 3, passenger 1, petroleum tanker 2, refrigerated cargo 2, roll on/roll off 4, short-sea passenger 3 (2000 est.)
Military branches Tonga Defense Services: Ground Forces (Royal Marines, Royal Guard), Maritime Force (including Air Wing) Ground Forces, Naval Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces
Military expenditures - dollar figure NA $575 million (2000)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP NA 3.8% (2000)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
1,085,877 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
859,621 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 19 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males:
30,037 (2001 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 4 June (1970) Republic Day/Statehood Day, 30 May (1990)
Nationality noun: Tongan(s)


adjective: Tongan
noun:
Croat(s)

adjective:
Croatian
Natural hazards cyclones (October to April); earthquakes and volcanic activity on Fonuafo'ou destructive earthquakes
Natural resources fish, fertile soil oil, some coal, bauxite, low-grade iron ore, calcium, natural asphalt, silica, mica, clays, salt, hydropower
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) 13.37 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines - crude oil 670 km; petroleum products 20 km; natural gas 310 km (1992)
Political parties and leaders there are no political parties Alliance of Croatian Coast and Mountains Department or PGS [Luciano SUSANJ]; Croatian Christian Democratic Union or HKDU [Marko VESELICA]; Croatian Democratic Union or HDZ [Ivo SANADER]; Croatian Party of Rights or HSP [Dobroslav PARAGA]; Croatian Peasant Party or HSS [Zlatko TOMCIC]; Croatian People's Party or HNS [Vesna PUSIC]; Croatian Social Liberal Party or HSLS [Drazen BUDISA]; Independent Democratic Serb Party or SDSS [Vojislav STANIMIROVIC]; Istrian Democratic Assembly or IDS [Ivan JAKOVCIC]; Liberal Party or LP [leader NA]; Social Democratic Party of Croatia or SDP [Ivica RACAN]

note:
the Social Democratic Party or SDP and the Croatian Social Liberal Party or HSLS formed a coalition as did the HSS, HNS, LP, and IDS, which together defeated the Croatian Democratic Union or HDZ in the 2000 lower house parliamentary election
Political pressure groups and leaders Human Rights and Democracy Movement Tonga or HRDMT [Rev. Simote VEA, chair] NA
Population 110,237 (July 2004 est.) 4,334,142 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA 4% (1999 est.)
Population growth rate 1.94% (2004 est.) 1.48% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Neiafu, Nuku'alofa, Pangai Dubrovnik, Dugi Rat, Omisalj, Ploce, Pula, Rijeka, Sibenik, Split, Vukovar (inland waterway port on Danube), Zadar
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 1 (2001) AM 16, FM 98, shortwave 5 (1999)
Radios - 1.51 million (1997)
Railways - total:
2,296 km

standard gauge:
2,296 km 1.435-m gauge (983 km electrified) (2000)
Religions Christian (Free Wesleyan Church claims over 30,000 adherents) Roman Catholic 76.5%, Orthodox 11.1%, Muslim 1.2%, Protestant 0.4%, others and unknown 10.8% (1991)
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female


total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
at birth:
1.06 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.01 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.59 male(s)/female

total population:
0.94 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 21 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal (16 years of age, if employed)
Telephone system general assessment: NA


domestic: NA


international: country code - 676; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (1996)
general assessment:
NA

domestic:
reconstruction plan calls for replacement of all analog circuits with digital and enlarging the network; a backup will be included in the plan for the main trunk

international:
digital international service is provided through the main switch in Zagreb; Croatia participates in the Trans-Asia-Europe (TEL) fiber-optic project which consists of two fiber-optic trunk connections with Slovenia and a fiber-optic trunk line from Rijeka to Split and Dubrovnik; Croatia is also investing in ADRIA 1, a joint fiber-optic project with Germany, Albania, and Greece (2000)
Telephones - main lines in use 11,200 (2002) 1.488 million (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 3,400 (2002) 187,000 (yearend 1998)
Television broadcast stations 2 (2001) 36 (plus 321 repeaters) (September 1995)
Terrain most islands have limestone base formed from uplifted coral formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic base geographically diverse; flat plains along Hungarian border, low mountains and highlands near Adriatic coastline and islands
Total fertility rate 3 children born/woman (2004 est.) 1.94 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 13.3% (1996 est.) 22% (October 2000)
Waterways - 785 km

note:
(perennially navigable; large sections of Sava blocked by downed bridges, silt, and debris)
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