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Compare Tonga (2001) - Denmark (2001)

Compare Tonga (2001) z Denmark (2001)

 Tonga (2001)Denmark (2001)
 TongaDenmark
Administrative divisions 3 island groups; Ha'apai, Tongatapu, Vava'u metropolitan Denmark - 14 counties (amter, singular - amt) and 2 kommunes*; Arhus, Bornholm, Fredericksberg*, Frederiksborg, Fyn, Kobenhavn, Kobenhavns*, Nordjylland, Ribe, Ringkobing, Roskilde, Sonderjylland, Storstrom, Vejle, Vestsjalland, Viborg

note:
see separate entries for the Faroe Islands and Greenland, which are part of the Kingdom of Denmark and are self-governing administrative divisions
Age structure 0-14 years:
40.93% (male 21,739; female 20,916)

15-64 years:
54.99% (male 28,231; female 29,082)

65 years and over:
4.08% (male 1,912; female 2,347) (2001 est.)
0-14 years:
18.59% (male 510,826; female 484,385)

15-64 years:
66.56% (male 1,804,617; female 1,758,019)

65 years and over:
14.85% (male 331,906; female 463,062) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products squash, coconuts, copra, bananas, vanilla beans, cocoa, coffee, ginger, black pepper; fish grain, potatoes, rape, sugar beets; pork and beef, dairy products; fish
Airports 6 (2000 est.) 119 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
1

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1 (2000 est.)
total:
28

over 3,047 m:
2

2,438 to 3,047 m:
7

1,524 to 2,437 m:
4

914 to 1,523 m:
12

under 914 m:
3 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
5

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
2

under 914 m:
2 (2000 est.)
total:
91

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
7

under 914 m:
83 (2000 est.)
Area total:
748 sq km

land:
718 sq km

water:
30 sq km
total:
43,094 sq km

land:
42,394 sq km

water:
700 sq km

note:
includes the island of Bornholm in the Baltic Sea and the rest of metropolitan Denmark (the Jutland Peninsula, and the major islands of Sjaeland and Fyn), but excludes the Faroe Islands and Greenland
Area - comparative four times the size of Washington, DC slightly less than twice the size of Massachusetts
Background The archipelago of "The Friendly Islands" was united into a Polynesian kingdom in 1845. It became a constitutional monarchy in 1875 and a British protectorate in 1900. Tonga acquired its independence in 1970 and became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. It remains the only monarchy in the Pacific. Once the seat of Viking raiders and later a major north European power, Denmark has evolved into a modern, prosperous nation that is participating in the political and economic integration of Europe. So far, however, the country has opted out of some aspects of the European Union's Maastricht Treaty, including the economic and monetary system (EMU) and issues concerning certain internal affairs.
Birth rate 23.59 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 11.96 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues:
$49 million

expenditures:
$120 million, including capital expenditures of $75 million (FY96/97 est.)
revenues:
$52.9 billion

expenditures:
$51.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $500 million (2001 est.)
Capital Nuku'alofa Copenhagen
Climate tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December) temperate; humid and overcast; mild, windy winters and cool summers
Coastline 419 km 7,314 km
Constitution 4 November 1875, revised 1 January 1967 1849 was the original constitution; there was a major overhaul 5 June 1953, allowing for a unicameral legislature and a female chief of state
Country name conventional long form:
Kingdom of Tonga

conventional short form:
Tonga

former:
Friendly Islands
conventional long form:
Kingdom of Denmark

conventional short form:
Denmark

local long form:
Kongeriget Danmark

local short form:
Danmark
Currency pa'anga (TOP) Danish krone (DKK)
Death rate 5.74 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 10.9 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $62 million (1998) $21.7 billion (2000)
Diplomatic representation from the US the US does not have an embassy in Tonga; the ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Tonga chief of mission:
Ambassador Stuart BERNSTEIN

embassy:
Dag Hammarskjolds Alle 24, 2100 Copenhagen

mailing address:
PSC 73, APO AE 09716

telephone:
[45] 35 55 31 44

FAX:
[45] 35 38 96 16
Diplomatic representation in the US Tonga does not have an embassy in the US; Ambassador Fetu'utolo TUPOU, resides in London; address: Embassy of the Kingdom of Tonga, c/o Tonga High Commission, 36 Molyneux Street, London W1H 6AB, telephone [44] (171) 724-5828, FAX [44] (171) 723-9074

consulate(s) general:
San Francisco
chief of mission:
Ambassador Ulrik Andreas FEDERSPIEL

chancery:
3200 Whitehaven Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 234-4300

FAX:
[1] (202) 328-1470

consulate(s) general:
Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York
Disputes - international none Rockall continental shelf dispute involving Iceland and the UK (Ireland and the UK have signed a boundary agreement in the Rockall area); dispute with Iceland over the Faroe Islands fisheries median line boundary within 200 NM; disputes with Iceland, the UK, and Ireland over the Faroe Islands continental shelf boundary outside 200 NM
Economic aid - donor - ODA, $1.63 billion (1999)
Economic aid - recipient $38.8 million (1995) -
Economy - overview Tonga has a small, open economy with a narrow export base in agricultural goods, which contributes 30% to GDP. Squash, coconuts, bananas, and vanilla beans are the main crops, and agricultural exports make up two-thirds of total exports. The country must import a high proportion of its food, mainly from New Zealand. The industrial sector accounts for only 10% of GDP. Tourism is the primary source of hard currency earnings. The country remains dependent on sizable external aid and remittances from Tongan communities overseas to offset its trade deficit. The government is emphasizing the development of the private sector, especially the encouragement of investment, and is committing increased funds for health and education. Tonga has a reasonable basic infrastructure and well-developed social services. This thoroughly modern market economy features high-tech agriculture, up-to-date small-scale and corporate industry, extensive government welfare measures, comfortable living standards, and high dependence on foreign trade. Denmark is a net exporter of food and energy and has a comfortable balance of payments surplus. The center-left coalition government has reduced the formerly high unemployment rate and attained a budget surplus as well as followed the previous government's policies of maintaining low inflation and a stable currency. The coalition has lowered marginal income tax rates and raised environmental taxes thus maintaining overall tax revenues. Problems of bottlenecks, and longer term demographic changes reducing the labor force, are being addressed through labor market reforms. The government has been successful in meeting, and even exceeding, the economic convergence criteria for participating in the third phase (a common European currency) of the European Monetary Union (EMU), but Denmark, in a September 2000 referendum, reconfirmed its decision not to join the 11 other EU members in the euro. Even so, the Danish currency remains pegged to the euro.
Electricity - consumption 32.6 million kWh (1999) 32.916 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) 7.28 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) 4.963 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 35 million kWh (1999) 37.885 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
fossil fuel:
88.4%

hydro:
0.07%

nuclear:
0%

other:
11.53% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Pacific Ocean 0 m

highest point:
unnamed location on Kao Island 1,033 m
lowest point:
Lammefjord -7 m

highest point:
Yding Skovhoej 173 m
Environment - current issues deforestation results as more and more land is being cleared for agriculture and settlement; some damage to coral reefs from starfish and indiscriminate coral and shell collectors; overhunting threatens native sea turtle populations air pollution, principally from vehicle and power plant emissions; nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of the North Sea; drinking and surface water becoming polluted from animal wastes and pesticides
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
party to:
Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified:
Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea
Ethnic groups Polynesian, Europeans about 300 Scandinavian, Inuit, Faroese, German, Turkish, Iranian, Somali
Exchange rates pa'anga per US dollar - 1.9885 (January 2001), 1.7585 (2000), 1.5991 (1999), 1.4920 (1998), 1.2635 (1997), 1.2323 (1996) Danish kroner per US dollar - 7.951 (January 2001), 8.083 (2000), 6.976 (1999), 6.701 (1998), 6.604 (1997), 5.799 (1996); note - the Danes rejected the Euro in a 28 September 2000 referendum
Executive branch chief of state:
King Taufa'ahau TUPOU IV (since 16 December 1965)

head of government:
Prime Minister Prince Lavaka ata ULUKALALA (since NA February 2000) and Deputy Prime Minister Tevita TOPOU (since NA January 2001)

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the monarch

note:
there is also a Privy Council that consists of the monarch and the Cabinet

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed for life by the monarch
chief of state:
Queen MARGRETHE II (since 14 January 1972); Heir Apparent Crown Prince FREDERIK, elder son of the monarch (born 26 May 1968)

head of government:
Prime Minister Poul Nyrup RASMUSSEN (since 25 January 1993)

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the prime minister and approved by Parliament

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch
Exports $8 million (f.o.b., 1998) $50.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Exports - commodities squash, fish, vanilla beans machinery and instruments, meat and meat products, dairy products, fish, chemicals, furniture, ships, windmills
Exports - partners Japan 53%, US 18%, NZ 6%, Australia 6% (1997 est.) EU 66.5% (Germany 20.1%, Sweden 11.7%, UK 9.6%, France 5.3%, Netherlands 4.7%), Norway 5.8%, US 5.4% (1999)
Fiscal year 1 July - 30 June calendar year
Flag description red with a bold red cross on a white rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner red with a white cross that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side, and that design element of the Dannebrog (Danish flag) was subsequently adopted by the other Nordic countries of Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden
GDP purchasing power parity - $225 million (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $136.2 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
30%

industry:
10%

services:
60% (1997)
agriculture:
3%

industry:
25%

services:
72% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $2,200 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $25,500 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 5% (2000 est.) 2.8% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 20 00 S, 175 00 W 56 00 N, 10 00 E
Geography - note archipelago of 170 islands (36 inhabited) controls Danish Straits (Skagerrak and Kattegat) linking Baltic and North Seas; about one-quarter of the population lives in greater Copenhagen
Highways total:
680 km

paved:
184 km

unpaved:
496 km (1996)
total:
71,474 km

paved:
71,474 km (including 880 km of expressways)

unpaved:
0 km (1999)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
lowest 10%:
2%

highest 10%:
24% (2000 est.)
Imports $69 million (f.o.b., 1998) $43.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Imports - commodities foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, chemicals machinery and equipment, raw materials and semimanufactures for industry, chemicals, grain and foodstuffs, consumer goods
Imports - partners NZ 30%, Australia 19%, US 11%, UK 11%, Japan 3% (1997 est.) EU 72.1% (Germany 21.6%, Sweden 12.4%, UK 8.0%, Netherlands 8.0%, France 5.8%), Norway 4.2%, US 4.5% (1999)
Independence 4 June 1970 (from UK protectorate) first organized as a unified state in 10th century; in 1849 became a constitutional monarchy
Industrial production growth rate 8.6% (FY98/99) 3% (2000 est.)
Industries tourism, fishing food processing, machinery and equipment, textiles and clothing, chemical products, electronics, construction, furniture, and other wood products, shipbuilding, windmills
Infant mortality rate 14.08 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) 5.04 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 7% (2000 est.) 2.9% (2000 est.)
International organization participation ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, ITU, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO (observer) AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CCC, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MONUC, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOGIP, UNMOP, UNMOT, UNOMIG, UNTAET, UNTSO, UPU, WEU (observer), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO, ZC
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 2 (2000) 13 (2000)
Irrigated land NA sq km 4,350 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch); Court of Appeal (consists of the Privy Council with the addition of the chief justice of the Supreme Court) Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch for life)
Labor force 34,000 (FY96/97) 2.856 million (2000 est.)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 65% (1997 est.) services 79%, industry 17%, agriculture 4% (2000 est.)
Land boundaries 0 km total:
68 km

border countries:
Germany 68 km
Land use arable land:
24%

permanent crops:
43%

permanent pastures:
6%

forests and woodland:
11%

other:
16% (1993 est.)
arable land:
60%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
5%

forests and woodland:
10%

other:
25% (1993 est.)
Languages Tongan, English Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic (an Inuit dialect), German (small minority)

note:
English is the predominant second language
Legal system based on English law civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Legislative branch unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fale Alea (30 seats - 12 reserved for cabinet ministers sitting ex officio, nine for nobles selected by the country's 33 nobles, and nine elected by popular vote; members serve three-year terms)

elections:
last held NA March 1999 (next to be held NA 2002)

election results:
percent of vote - pro-democratic 40%; seats - pro-democratic 5, traditionalist 4
unicameral Parliament or Folketing (179 seats, including 2 from Greenland and 2 from the Faroe Islands; members are elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held 11 March 1998 (next to be held by March 2002)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - progovernment parties: Social Democratic Party 65, Socialist People's Party 13, Social Liberal Party 7, Red-Green Unity List 5; opposition: Liberal Party 43, Conservative Party 17, Danish People's Party 13, Center Democratic Party 8, Christian People's Party 4, Progress Party 4; seats by party as of 1 January 2001: government coalition parties - Social Democrats 63, Social Liberals 7; pro-government parties - Socialist People's Party 13, Unity List 5; opposition - Liberals 42, Conservatives 16, Danish People's Party 13, Center Democrats 8, Christian People's Party 4, Progress Party 4 (now named Freedom 2000); does not include the 4 overseas seats
Life expectancy at birth total population:
68.25 years

male:
65.83 years

female:
70.78 years (2001 est.)
total population:
76.72 years

male:
74.12 years

female:
79.47 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition:
can read and write Tongan and/or English

total population:
98.5%

male:
98.4%

female:
98.7% (1996 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
100%

male:
NA%

female:
NA%
Location Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, on a peninsula north of Germany (Jutland); also includes two major islands (Sjaeland and Fyn)
Map references Oceania Europe
Maritime claims continental shelf:
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
contiguous zone:
24 NM

continental shelf:
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine total:
8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 20,626 GRT/29,468 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 1, cargo 2, liquefied gas 3, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 1 (2000 est.)
total:
342 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 6,073,489 GRT/8,027,002 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 10, cargo 128, chemical tanker 27, container 76, liquefied gas 26, livestock carrier 6, petroleum tanker 22, railcar carrier 1, refrigerated cargo 13, roll on/roll off 23, short-sea passenger 7, specialized tanker 3

note:
includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Finland 1 (2000 est.)
Military branches Tonga Defense Services (includes Royal Tongan Marines, Tongan Royal Guards, Maritime Force, Police); note - a new Air Wing which will be subordinate to the Defense Ministry is being developed Royal Danish Army, Royal Danish Navy, Royal Danish Air Force, Home Guard
Military expenditures - dollar figure $NA $2.47 billion (FY99)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP NA% 1.4% (FY99)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
1,292,619 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
1,106,094 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 18 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males:
29,212 (2001 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 4 June (1970) none designated; Constitution Day, 5 June is generally viewed as the National Day
Nationality noun:
Tongan(s)

adjective:
Tongan
noun:
Dane(s)

adjective:
Danish
Natural hazards cyclones (October to April); earthquakes and volcanic activity on Fonuafo'ou flooding is a threat in some areas of the country (e.g., parts of Jutland, along the southern coast of the island of Lolland) that are protected from the sea by a system of dikes
Natural resources fish, fertile soil petroleum, natural gas, fish, salt, limestone, stone, gravel and sand
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) 1.98 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines - crude oil 110 km; petroleum products 578 km; natural gas 700 km
Political parties and leaders Human Rights and Democracy Movement [Huliki WATAB, chairman, Viliami FUKOFUKA, president, 'Akilisi POHIVA, vice president] Center Democratic Party [Mimi JAKOBSEN]; Christian People's Party [Jann SJURSEN]; Conservative Party (sometimes known as Conservative People's Party) [Bendt BENDTSEN]; Danish People's Party [Pia KJAERSGAARD]; Liberal Party [Anders Fogh RASMUSSEN]; Progress Party (now named Freedom 2000) [Kim BEHNKE]; Social Democratic Party [Poul Nyrup RASMUSSEN]; Social Liberal Party (sometimes called the Radical Left) [Marianne JELVED, leader; Johannes LEBECH, chairman]; Socialist People's Party [Holger K. NIELSEN]; Red-Green Unity List (bloc includes Left Socialist Party, Communist Party of Denmark, Socialist Workers' Party) [collective leadership]
Political pressure groups and leaders Pro-Democracy and Human Rights Movement [leader NA] NA
Population 104,227 (July 2001 est.) 5,352,815 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA%
Population growth rate 1.79% (2001 est.) 0.3% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Neiafu, Nuku'alofa, Pangai Abenra, Alborg, Arhus, Copenhagen, Esbjerg, Fredericia, Kolding, Odense, Roenne (Bornholm), Vejle
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 1 (2001) AM 2, FM 355, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios 61,000 (1997) 6.02 million (1997)
Railways 0 km total:
2,859 km (508 km privately owned and operated)

standard gauge:
2,859 km 1.435-m gauge (600 km electrified; 760 km double track) (1998)
Religions Christian (Free Wesleyan Church claims over 30,000 adherents) Evangelical Lutheran 95%, other Protestant and Roman Catholic 3%, Muslims 2%
Sex ratio at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.97 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.81 male(s)/female

total population:
0.99 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth:
1.06 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.03 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.72 male(s)/female

total population:
0.98 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 21 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
NA

domestic:
NA

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
general assessment:
excellent telephone and telegraph services

domestic:
buried and submarine cables and microwave radio relay form trunk network, 4 cellular mobile communications systems

international:
18 submarine fiber-optic cables linking Denmark with Norway, Sweden, Russia, Poland, Germany, Netherlands, UK, Faroe Islands, Iceland, and Canada; satellite earth stations - 6 Intelsat, 10 Eutelsat, 1 Orion, 1 Inmarsat (Blaavand-Atlantic-East); note - the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) share the Danish earth station and the Eik, Norway, station for worldwide Inmarsat access (1997)
Telephones - main lines in use 8,000 (1996) 4.785 million (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 302 (1996) 1,444,016 (1997)
Television broadcast stations 1 (2001) 26 (plus 51 repeaters) (1998)
Terrain most islands have limestone base formed from uplifted coral formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic base low and flat to gently rolling plains
Total fertility rate 3 children born/woman (2001 est.) 1.73 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 13.3% (FY96/97) 5.3% (2000)
Waterways none 417 km
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