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Compare Tonga (2001) - Anguilla (2002)
Compare Tonga (2001) z Anguilla (2002)
| Tonga (2001) | Anguilla (2002) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | 3 island groups; Ha'apai, Tongatapu, Vava'u | none (overseas territory of the UK) |
| Age structure | 0-14 years:
40.93% (male 21,739; female 20,916) 15-64 years: 54.99% (male 28,231; female 29,082) 65 years and over: 4.08% (male 1,912; female 2,347) (2001 est.) |
0-14 years: 25% (male 1,575; female 1,529)
15-64 years: 68.1% (male 4,356; female 4,124) 65 years and over: 6.9% (male 383; female 479) (2002 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | squash, coconuts, copra, bananas, vanilla beans, cocoa, coffee, ginger, black pepper; fish | small quantities of tobacco, vegetables; cattle raising |
| Airports | 6 (2000 est.) | 3 (2001) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total:
1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
total: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | total:
5 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 2 (2000 est.) |
total: 2
under 914 m: 2 (2002) |
| Area | total:
748 sq km land: 718 sq km water: 30 sq km |
total: 102 sq km
land: 102 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | four times the size of Washington, DC | about half the size of Washington, DC |
| Background | The archipelago of "The Friendly Islands" was united into a Polynesian kingdom in 1845. It became a constitutional monarchy in 1875 and a British protectorate in 1900. Tonga acquired its independence in 1970 and became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. It remains the only monarchy in the Pacific. | Colonized by English settlers from Saint Kitts in 1650, Anguilla was administered by Great Britain until the early 19th century, when the island - against the wishes of the inhabitants - was incorporated into a single British dependency along with Saint Kitts and Nevis. Several attempts at separation failed. In 1971, two years after a revolt, Anguilla was finally allowed to secede; this arrangement was formally recognized in 1980 with Anguilla becoming a separate British dependency. |
| Birth rate | 23.59 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 14.94 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Budget | revenues:
$49 million expenditures: $120 million, including capital expenditures of $75 million (FY96/97 est.) |
revenues: $20.4 million
expenditures: $23.3 million, including capital expenditures of $3.8 million |
| Capital | Nuku'alofa | The Valley |
| Climate | tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December) | tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds |
| Coastline | 419 km | 61 km |
| Constitution | 4 November 1875, revised 1 January 1967 | Anguilla Constitutional Order 1 April 1982; amended 1990 |
| Country name | conventional long form:
Kingdom of Tonga conventional short form: Tonga former: Friendly Islands |
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Anguilla |
| Currency | pa'anga (TOP) | East Caribbean dollar (XCD) |
| Death rate | 5.74 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 5.54 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Debt - external | $62 million (1998) | $8.8 million (1998) |
| Dependency status | - | overseas territory of the UK |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | the US does not have an embassy in Tonga; the ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Tonga | none (overseas territory of the UK) |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | Tonga does not have an embassy in the US; Ambassador Fetu'utolo TUPOU, resides in London; address: Embassy of the Kingdom of Tonga, c/o Tonga High Commission, 36 Molyneux Street, London W1H 6AB, telephone [44] (171) 724-5828, FAX [44] (171) 723-9074
consulate(s) general: San Francisco |
none (overseas territory of the UK) |
| Disputes - international | none | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | $38.8 million (1995) | $3.5 million (1995) |
| Economy - overview | Tonga has a small, open economy with a narrow export base in agricultural goods, which contributes 30% to GDP. Squash, coconuts, bananas, and vanilla beans are the main crops, and agricultural exports make up two-thirds of total exports. The country must import a high proportion of its food, mainly from New Zealand. The industrial sector accounts for only 10% of GDP. Tourism is the primary source of hard currency earnings. The country remains dependent on sizable external aid and remittances from Tongan communities overseas to offset its trade deficit. The government is emphasizing the development of the private sector, especially the encouragement of investment, and is committing increased funds for health and education. Tonga has a reasonable basic infrastructure and well-developed social services. | Anguilla has few natural resources, and the economy depends heavily on luxury tourism, offshore banking, lobster fishing, and remittances from emigrants. Increased activity in the tourism industry, which has spurred the growth of the construction sector, has contributed to economic growth. Anguillan officials have put substantial effort into developing the offshore financial sector, which is small, but growing. In the medium term, prospects for the economy will depend largely on the tourism sector and, therefore, on revived income growth in the industrialized nations as well as on favorable weather conditions. |
| Electricity - consumption | 32.6 million kWh (1999) | 42.6 million kWh |
| Electricity - exports | 0 kWh (1999) | - |
| Electricity - imports | 0 kWh (1999) | - |
| Electricity - production | 35 million kWh (1999) | 45.85 million kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel:
100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999) |
fossil fuel: NA%
hydro: NA% nuclear: NA% other: NA% |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point:
Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Kao Island 1,033 m |
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point: Crocus Hill 65 m |
| Environment - current issues | deforestation results as more and more land is being cleared for agriculture and settlement; some damage to coral reefs from starfish and indiscriminate coral and shell collectors; overhunting threatens native sea turtle populations | supplies of potable water sometimes cannot meet increasing demand largely because of poor distribution system |
| Environment - international agreements | party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
- |
| Ethnic groups | Polynesian, Europeans about 300 | black (predominant), mulatto, white |
| Exchange rates | pa'anga per US dollar - 1.9885 (January 2001), 1.7585 (2000), 1.5991 (1999), 1.4920 (1998), 1.2635 (1997), 1.2323 (1996) | East Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7000 (fixed rate since 1976) |
| Executive branch | chief of state:
King Taufa'ahau TUPOU IV (since 16 December 1965) head of government: Prime Minister Prince Lavaka ata ULUKALALA (since NA February 2000) and Deputy Prime Minister Tevita TOPOU (since NA January 2001) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the monarch note: there is also a Privy Council that consists of the monarch and the Cabinet elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed for life by the monarch |
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor Peter JOHNSTONE (since NA February 2000)
head of government: Chief Minister Osbourne FLEMING (since 3 March 2000) cabinet: Executive Council appointed by the governor from among the elected members of the House of Assembly elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed chief minister by the governor |
| Exports | $8 million (f.o.b., 1998) | $2.6 million (1999) |
| Exports - commodities | squash, fish, vanilla beans | lobster, fish, livestock, salt, concrete blocks, rum |
| Exports - partners | Japan 53%, US 18%, NZ 6%, Australia 6% (1997 est.) | UK, US, Puerto Rico |
| Fiscal year | 1 July - 30 June | 1 April - 31 March |
| Flag description | red with a bold red cross on a white rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner | blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Anguillan coat of arms centered in the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms depicts three orange dolphins in an interlocking circular design on a white background with blue wavy water below |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $225 million (2000 est.) | purchasing power parity - $104 million (2001 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture:
30% industry: 10% services: 60% (1997) |
agriculture: 4%
industry: 18% services: 78% (1997 est.) |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $2,200 (2000 est.) | purchasing power parity - $8,600 (2001 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | 5% (2000 est.) | 0% (2001 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 20 00 S, 175 00 W | 18 15 N, 63 10 W |
| Geography - note | archipelago of 170 islands (36 inhabited) | the most northerly of the Leeward Islands in the Lesser Antilles |
| Highways | total:
680 km paved: 184 km unpaved: 496 km (1996) |
total: 105 km
paved: 65 km unpaved: 40 km (1998 est.) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
| Illicit drugs | - | transshipment point for South American narcotics destined for the US and Europe |
| Imports | $69 million (f.o.b., 1998) | $80.9 million (1999) |
| Imports - commodities | foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, chemicals | fuels, foodstuffs, manufactures, chemicals, textiles |
| Imports - partners | NZ 30%, Australia 19%, US 11%, UK 11%, Japan 3% (1997 est.) | US, Puerto Rico, UK |
| Independence | 4 June 1970 (from UK protectorate) | none (overseas territory of the UK) |
| Industrial production growth rate | 8.6% (FY98/99) | 3.1% |
| Industries | tourism, fishing | tourism, boat building, offshore financial services |
| Infant mortality rate | 14.08 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) | 23.68 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 7% (2000 est.) | 2.3% |
| International organization participation | ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, ITU, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO (observer) | Caricom (associate), CDB, Interpol (subbureau), OECS (associate), ECLAC (associate) |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 2 (2000) | 16 (2000) |
| Irrigated land | NA sq km | NA sq km |
| Judicial branch | Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch); Court of Appeal (consists of the Privy Council with the addition of the chief justice of the Supreme Court) | High Court (judge provided by Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court) |
| Labor force | 34,000 (FY96/97) | 6,735 (1999) (1999) |
| Labor force - by occupation | agriculture 65% (1997 est.) | commerce 36%, services 29%, construction 18%, transportation and utilities 10%, manufacturing 3%, agriculture/fishing/forestry/mining 4% |
| Land boundaries | 0 km | 0 km |
| Land use | arable land:
24% permanent crops: 43% permanent pastures: 6% forests and woodland: 11% other: 16% (1993 est.) |
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (mostly rock with sparse scrub oak, few trees, some commercial salt ponds) (1998 est.) |
| Languages | Tongan, English | English (official) |
| Legal system | based on English law | based on English common law |
| Legislative branch | unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fale Alea (30 seats - 12 reserved for cabinet ministers sitting ex officio, nine for nobles selected by the country's 33 nobles, and nine elected by popular vote; members serve three-year terms)
elections: last held NA March 1999 (next to be held NA 2002) election results: percent of vote - pro-democratic 40%; seats - pro-democratic 5, traditionalist 4 |
unicameral House of Assembly (11 seats total, 7 elected by direct popular vote, 2 ex officio members, and 2 appointed; members serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 3 March 2000 (next to be held NA June 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - ANA 3, AUP 2, ADP 1, independent 1 |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population:
68.25 years male: 65.83 years female: 70.78 years (2001 est.) |
total population: 76.5 years
male: 73.6 years female: 79.5 years (2002 est.) |
| Literacy | definition:
can read and write Tongan and/or English total population: 98.5% male: 98.4% female: 98.7% (1996 est.) |
definition: age 12 and over can read and write
total population: 95% male: 95% female: 95% (1984 est.) |
| Location | Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand | Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, east of Puerto Rico |
| Map references | Oceania | Central America and the Caribbean |
| Maritime claims | continental shelf:
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 3 NM |
| Merchant marine | total:
8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 20,626 GRT/29,468 DWT ships by type: bulk 1, cargo 2, liquefied gas 3, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 1 (2000 est.) |
none (2002 est.) |
| Military - note | - | defense is the responsibility of the UK |
| Military branches | Tonga Defense Services (includes Royal Tongan Marines, Tongan Royal Guards, Maritime Force, Police); note - a new Air Wing which will be subordinate to the Defense Ministry is being developed | - |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | $NA | - |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | NA% | - |
| National holiday | Independence Day, 4 June (1970) | Anguilla Day, 30 May |
| Nationality | noun:
Tongan(s) adjective: Tongan |
noun: Anguillan(s)
adjective: Anguillan |
| Natural hazards | cyclones (October to April); earthquakes and volcanic activity on Fonuafo'ou | frequent hurricanes and other tropical storms (July to October) |
| Natural resources | fish, fertile soil | salt, fish, lobster |
| Net migration rate | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 15.02 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Political parties and leaders | Human Rights and Democracy Movement [Huliki WATAB, chairman, Viliami FUKOFUKA, president, 'Akilisi POHIVA, vice president] | Anguilla United Party or AUP [Hubert HUGHES]; The United Front or UF [Osbourne FLEMING, Victor BANKS], a coalition of the Anguilla Democratic Party or ADP and the Anguilla National Alliance or ANA |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | Pro-Democracy and Human Rights Movement [leader NA] | NA |
| Population | 104,227 (July 2001 est.) | 12,446 (July 2002 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | NA% |
| Population growth rate | 1.79% (2001 est.) | 2.44% (2002 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Neiafu, Nuku'alofa, Pangai | Blowing Point, Road Bay |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 1 (2001) | AM 5, FM 6, shortwave 1 (1998) |
| Radios | 61,000 (1997) | 3,000 (1997) |
| Railways | 0 km | 0 km |
| Religions | Christian (Free Wesleyan Church claims over 30,000 adherents) | Anglican 40%, Methodist 33%, Seventh-Day Adventist 7%, Baptist 5%, Roman Catholic 3%, other 12% |
| Sex ratio | at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.81 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2002 est.) |
| Suffrage | 21 years of age; universal | 18 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | general assessment:
NA domestic: NA international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) |
general assessment: NA
domestic: modern internal telephone system international: microwave radio relay to island of Saint Martin (Guadeloupe and Netherlands Antilles) |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 8,000 (1996) | 4,974 (2000) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 302 (1996) | 1,629 (2000) |
| Television broadcast stations | 1 (2001) | 1 (1997) |
| Terrain | most islands have limestone base formed from uplifted coral formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic base | flat and low-lying island of coral and limestone |
| Total fertility rate | 3 children born/woman (2001 est.) | 1.77 children born/woman (2002 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | 13.3% (FY96/97) | 8% (1999) (1999) |
| Waterways | none | none |
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