Compare Tokelau (2008) - Tonga (2005)

Compare Tokelau (2008) z Tonga (2005)

	Tokelau (2008)	Tonga (2005)

Administrative divisions	none (territory of New Zealand)	3 island groups; Ha'apai, Tongatapu, Vava'u
Age structure	0-14 years: 42% 15-64 years: 53% 65 years and over: 5%	0-14 years: 36.2% (male 20,738/female 19,907) 15-64 years: 59.7% (male 33,226/female 33,853) 65 years and over: 4.2% (male 2,031/female 2,667) (2005 est.)
Agriculture - products	coconuts, copra, breadfruit, papayas, bananas; pigs, poultry, goats; fish	squash, coconuts, copra, bananas, vanilla beans, cocoa, coffee, ginger, black pepper; fish
Airports	-	6 (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	-	total: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways	-	total: 5 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Area	total: 10 sq km land: 10 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 748 sq km land: 718 sq km water: 30 sq km
Area - comparative	about 17 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC	four times the size of Washington, DC
Background	Originally settled by Polynesian emigrants from surrounding island groups, the Tokelau Islands were made a British protectorate in 1889. They were transferred to New Zealand administration in 1925.	The archipelago of "The Friendly Islands" was united into a Polynesian kingdom in 1845. It became a constitutional monarchy in 1875 and a British protectorate in 1900. Tonga acquired its independence in 1970 and became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. It remains the only monarchy in the Pacific.
Birth rate	NA	25.18 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Budget	revenues: $430,800 expenditures: $2.8 million (1987 est.)	revenues: $39.9 million expenditures: $52.4 million, including capital expenditures of $1.9 million (FY99/00 est.)
Capital	none; each atoll has its own administrative center time difference: UTC-11 (6 hours behind Washington, DC during Standard Time)	Nuku'alofa
Climate	tropical; moderated by trade winds (April to November)	tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December)
Coastline	101 km	419 km
Constitution	administered under the Tokelau Islands Act of 1948; amended in 1970	4 November 1875; revised 1 January 1967
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Tokelau	conventional long form: Kingdom of Tonga conventional short form: Tonga former: Friendly Islands
Death rate	NA	5.35 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Debt - external	-	$63.4 million (2001)
Dependency status	self-administering territory of New Zealand; note - Tokelau and New Zealand have agreed to a draft constitution as Tokelau moves toward free association with New Zealand; a UN sponsored referendum on self governance in October 2007 did not produce the two-thirds majority vote necessary for changing the political status	-
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (territory of New Zealand)	the US does not have an embassy in Tonga; the ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Tonga
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (territory of New Zealand)	chief of mission: Ambassador Fekitamoeloa 'UTOIKAMANU chancery: 250 East 51st Street, New York, NY 10022 telephone: [1] (917) 369-1025 FAX: [1] (917) 369-1024 consulate(s) general: San Francisco
Disputes - international	Tokelau included American Samoa's Swains Island (Olohega) in its 2006 draft constitution	none
Economic aid - recipient	-	Australia $5.5 million, New Zealand $2.3 million (FY01/02)
Economy - overview	Tokelau's small size (three villages), isolation, and lack of resources greatly restrain economic development and confine agriculture to the subsistence level. The people rely heavily on aid from New Zealand - about $4 million annually - to maintain public services with annual aid being substantially greater than GDP. The principal sources of revenue come from sales of copra, postage stamps, souvenir coins, and handicrafts. Money is also remitted to families from relatives in New Zealand.	Tonga, a small, open, South Pacific island economy, has a narrow export base in agricultural goods. Squash, coconuts, bananas, and vanilla beans are the main crops, and agricultural exports make up two-thirds of total exports. The country must import a high proportion of its food, mainly from New Zealand. Tourism is the second largest source of hard currency earnings following remittances. The country remains dependent on external aid and remittances from Tongan communities overseas to offset its trade deficit. The government is emphasizing the development of the private sector, especially the encouragement of investment, and is committing increased funds for health and education. Tonga has a reasonably sound basic infrastructure and well-developed social services. High unemployment among the young, a continuing upturn in inflation, and rising civil service expenditures are major issues facing the government.
Electricity - consumption	NA kWh	23.06 million kWh (2002)
Electricity - exports	-	0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - imports	-	0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - production	NA kWh	24.79 million kWh (2002)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 5 m	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Kao Island 1,033 m
Environment - current issues	limited natural resources and overcrowding are contributing to emigration to New Zealand	deforestation results as more and more land is being cleared for agriculture and settlement; some damage to coral reefs from starfish and indiscriminate coral and shell collectors; overhunting threatens native sea turtle populations
Environment - international agreements	-	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	Polynesian	Polynesian, Europeans about 300
Exchange rates	New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 1.3811 (2007), 1.5408 (2006), 1.4203 (2005), 1.5087 (2004), 1.7221 (2003)	pa'anga per US dollar - 1.9716 (2004), 2.142 (2003), 2.1952 (2002), 2.1236 (2001), 1.7585 (2000)
Executive branch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General of New Zealand Anand SATYANAND (since 23 August 2006); New Zealand is represented by Administrator David PAYTON (since 17 October 2006) head of government: Pio TUIA (since 23 February 2008); note - position rotates annually among the three Faipule (village leaders) cabinet: the Council for the Ongoing Government of Tokelau, consisting of three Faipule (village leaders) and three Pulenuku (village mayors), functions as a cabinet elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade in New Zealand; the head of government is chosen from the Council of Faipule and serves a one-year term	chief of state: King Taufa'ahau TUPOU IV (since 16 December 1965) head of government: Prime Minister Prince Lavaka ata ULUKALALA (since 3 January 2000) and Deputy Prime Minister James C. COCKER (since NA January 2001) cabinet: cabinet consists of 16 members, 12 appointed by the monarch for life; 4 appointed from among the elected members of the Legislative Assembly including 2 each from the Nobles and Peoples representatives serving three year terms note: there is also a Privy Council that consists of the monarch, the Cabinet, and two governors elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed for life by the monarch
Exports	$0	NA
Exports - commodities	stamps, copra, handicrafts	squash, fish, vanilla beans, root crops
Exports - partners	New Zealand (2006)	Japan 37.1%, China 18.7%, US 17.7%, Taiwan 8.7%, New Zealand 7.4% (2004)
Fiscal year	1 April - 31 March	1 July - 30 June
Flag description	the flag of New Zealand is used	red with a bold red cross on a white rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%	agriculture: 23% industry: 13% services: 64% (2002 est.)
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $2,300 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	NA%	1.5% (2002 est.)
Geographic coordinates	9 00 S, 172 00 W	20 00 S, 175 00 W
Geography - note	consists of three atolls (Atafu, Fakaofo, Nukunonu), each with a lagoon surrounded by a number of reef-bound islets of varying length and rising to over 3 m above sea level	archipelago of 169 islands (36 inhabited)
Highways	-	total: 680 km paved: 184 km unpaved: 496 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	-	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Imports	$969,200 c.i.f. (2002)	NA
Imports - commodities	foodstuffs, building materials, fuel	foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, chemicals
Imports - partners	New Zealand (2006)	New Zealand 37.1%, Fiji 24.3%, Australia 9.1%, China 8.9%, US 6.3% (2004)
Independence	none (territory of New Zealand)	4 June 1970 (from UK protectorate)
Industrial production growth rate	-	8.6% (FY98/99)
Industries	small-scale enterprises for copra production, woodworking, plaited craft goods; stamps, coins; fishing	tourism, fishing
Infant mortality rate	total: NA male: NA female: NA	total: 12.62 deaths/1,000 live births male: 13.97 deaths/1,000 live births female: 11.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	NA%	10.3% (2002 est.)
International organization participation	PIF (observer), SPC, UNESCO (associate), UPU	ACP, AsDB, C, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
Irrigated land	NA	NA
Judicial branch	Supreme Court in New Zealand exercises civil and criminal jurisdiction in Tokelau	Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch); Court of Appeal (consists of the Privy Council with the addition of the chief justice of the Supreme Court)
Labor force	440 (2001)	33,910 (1996)
Labor force - by occupation	-	agriculture 65% (1997 est.)
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0% (soil is thin and infertile) permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005)	arable land: 23.61% permanent crops: 43.06% other: 33.33% (2001)
Languages	Tokelauan (a Polynesian language), English	Tongan, English
Legal system	New Zealand and local statutes	based on English law
Legislative branch	unicameral General Fono (20 seats; based upon proportional representation from the three islands elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms; Atafu has seven seats, Fakaofo has seven seats, Nukunonu has six seats); note - the Tokelau Amendment Act of 1996 confers limited legislative power on the General Fono elections: last held 17-19 January 2008 (next to be held in 2011) election results: independents 20	unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fale Alea (30 seats - 12 reserved for cabinet ministers sitting ex officio, nine for nobles selected by the country's 33 nobles, and nine elected by popular vote; members serve three-year terms) elections: last held 21 March 2005 (next to be held in 2008) election results: Peoples Representatives: percent of vote - HRDMT 70%; seats - HRDMT 7, independents 2
Life expectancy at birth	total population: NA male: NA female: NA	total population: 69.53 years male: 67.05 years female: 72.14 years (2005 est.)
Literacy	NA	definition: can read and write Tongan and/or English total population: 98.9% male: 98.8% female: 99% (1996 est.)
Location	Oceania, group of three atolls in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand	Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
Map references	Oceania	Oceania
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Merchant marine	-	total: 29 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 136,977 GRT/200,751 DWT by type: cargo 21, chemical tanker 1, liquefied gas 2, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 1, vehicle carrier 1 foreign-owned: 7 (Cyprus 1, France 1, Greece 1, Norway 1, Romania 2, United Kingdom 1) (2005)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of New Zealand	-
Military branches	-	Tonga Defense Services: Ground Forces (Royal Marines, Royal Guard), Maritime Force (includes Air Wing)
Military expenditures - dollar figure	-	NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	-	NA
National holiday	Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840)	Emancipation Day, 4 June (1970)
Nationality	noun: Tokelauan(s) adjective: Tokelauan	noun: Tongan(s) adjective: Tongan
Natural hazards	lies in Pacific typhoon belt	cyclones (October to April); earthquakes and volcanic activity on Fonuafo'ou
Natural resources	NEGL	fish, fertile soil
Net migration rate	NA	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Political parties and leaders	none	there are no political parties
Political pressure groups and leaders	none	Human Rights and Democracy Movement Tonga or HRDMT [Rev. Simote VEA, chairman]
Population	1,449 (July 2007 est.)	112,422 (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	NA
Population growth rate	-0.018% (2007 est.)	1.98% (2005 est.)
Ports and harbors	-	Nuku'alofa
Radio broadcast stations	AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA (one radio station provides service to all islands) (2002)	AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 1 (2004)
Religions	Congregational Christian Church 70%, Roman Catholic 28%, other 2% note: on Atafu, all Congregational Christian Church of Samoa; on Nukunonu, all Roman Catholic; on Fakaofo, both denominations, with the Congregational Christian Church predominant	Christian (Free Wesleyan Church claims over 30,000 adherents)
Sex ratio	NA	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Suffrage	21 years of age; universal	21 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: modern satellite-based communications system domestic: radiotelephone service between islands international: country code - 690; radiotelephone service to Samoa; government-regulated telephone service (TeleTok), with 3 satellite earth stations	general assessment: competition between Tonga Telecommunications Corporation (TCC) and Shoreline Communications Tonga (SCT) is accelerating expansion of telecommunications; SCT recently granted authority to develop high-speed digital service for telephone, Internet, and television domestic: fully automatic switched network international: country code - 676; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2004)
Telephones - main lines in use	300 (2002)	11,200 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular	-	9,000 (2004)
Television broadcast stations	-	3 (2004)
Terrain	low-lying coral atolls enclosing large lagoons	most islands have limestone base formed from uplifted coral formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic base
Total fertility rate	NA	3 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate	NA%	13.3% (1996 est.)

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