Compare Tokelau (2005) - Tuvalu (2006)

Compare Tokelau (2005) z Tuvalu (2006)

	Tokelau (2005)	Tuvalu (2006)

Administrative divisions	none (territory of New Zealand)	none
Age structure	0-14 years: 42% 15-64 years: 53% 65 years and over: 5% (2005 est.)	0-14 years: 30.2% (male 1,819/female 1,752) 15-64 years: 64.7% (male 3,715/female 3,923) 65 years and over: 5.1% (male 228/female 373) (2006 est.)
Agriculture - products	coconuts, copra, breadfruit, papayas, bananas; pigs, poultry, goats	coconuts; fish
Airports	none; lagoon landings are possible by amphibious aircraft (2004 est.)	1 (2006)
Airports - with unpaved runways	-	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2006)
Area	total: 10 sq km land: 10 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 26 sq km land: 26 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	about 17 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC	0.1 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	Originally settled by Polynesian emigrants from surrounding island groups, the Tokelau Islands were made a British protectorate in 1889. They were transferred to New Zealand administration in 1925.	In 1974, ethnic differences within the British colony of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands caused the Polynesians of the Ellice Islands to vote for separation from the Micronesians of the Gilbert Islands. The following year, the Ellice Islands became the separate British colony of Tuvalu. Independence was granted in 1978. In 2000, Tuvalu negotiated a contract leasing its Internet domain name ".tv" for $50 million in royalties over a 12-year period.
Birth rate	NA	22.18 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Budget	revenues: $430,800 expenditures: $2.8 million, including capital expenditures of $37,300 (1987 est.)	revenues: $22.78 million expenditures: $14.23 million; including capital expenditures of $4.2 million (2000 est.)
Capital	none; each atoll has its own administrative center	name: Funafuti geographic coordinates: 8 30 S, 179 12 E time difference: UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) note: administrative offices are located in Vaiaku Village on Fongafale Islet
Climate	tropical; moderated by trade winds (April to November)	tropical; moderated by easterly trade winds (March to November); westerly gales and heavy rain (November to March)
Coastline	101 km	24 km
Constitution	administered under the Tokelau Islands Act of 1948; amended in 1970	1 October 1978
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Tokelau	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Tuvalu local long form: none local short form: Tuvalu former: Ellice Islands note: "Tuvalu" means "group of eight," referring to the country's eight traditionally inhabited islands
Death rate	NA	7.11 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Debt - external	$0	$NA
Dependency status	self-administering territory of New Zealand; note - Tokelauans are drafting a constitution and developing institutions and patterns of self-government as Tokelau moves toward free association with New Zealand	-
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (territory of New Zealand)	the US does not have an embassy in Tuvalu; the US ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Tuvalu
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (territory of New Zealand)	Tuvalu does not have an embassy in the US - the country's only diplomatic post is in Fiji - Tuvalu does, however, have a UN office located at 800 2nd Avenue, Suite 400D, New York, NY 10017, telephone: [1] (212) 490-0534
Disputes - international	none	none
Economic aid - recipient	from New Zealand about $4 million annually	$13 million; note - major donors are Australia, Japan, and the US (1999 est.)
Economy - overview	Tokelau's small size (three villages), isolation, and lack of resources greatly restrain economic development and confine agriculture to the subsistence level. The people rely heavily on aid from New Zealand - about $4 million annually - to maintain public services, with annual aid being substantially greater than GDP. The principal sources of revenue come from sales of copra, postage stamps, souvenir coins, and handicrafts. Money is also remitted to families from relatives in New Zealand.	Tuvalu consists of a densely populated, scattered group of nine coral atolls with poor soil. The country has no known mineral resources and few exports. Subsistence farming and fishing are the primary economic activities. Fewer than 1,000 tourists, on average, visit Tuvalu annually. Government revenues largely come from the sale of stamps and coins and remittances from seamen on merchant ships abroad. About 1,000 Tuvaluans are being repatriated from Nauru, with the decline of phosphate resources there. Substantial income is received annually from an international trust fund established in 1987 by Australia, NZ, and the UK and supported also by Japan and South Korea. Thanks to wise investments and conservative withdrawals, this fund has grown from an initial $17 million to over $35 million in 1999. The US Government is also a major revenue source for Tuvalu because of payments from a 1988 treaty on fisheries. In an effort to reduce its dependence on foreign aid, the government is pursuing public sector reforms, including privatization of some government functions and personnel cuts of up to 7%. Tuvalu derives around $1.5 million per year from the lease of its ".tv" Internet domain name. With merchandise exports only a fraction of merchandise imports, continued reliance must be placed on fishing and telecommunications license fees, remittances from overseas workers, official transfers, and income from overseas investments.
Electricity - consumption	NA kWh	-
Electricity - production	NA kWh	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 5 m	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 5 m
Environment - current issues	very limited natural resources and overcrowding are contributing to emigration to New Zealand	since there are no streams or rivers and groundwater is not potable, most water needs must be met by catchment systems with storage facilities (the Japanese Government has built one desalination plant and plans to build one other); beachhead erosion because of the use of sand for building materials; excessive clearance of forest undergrowth for use as fuel; damage to coral reefs from the spread of the Crown of Thorns starfish; Tuvalu is concerned about global increases in greenhouse gas emissions and their effect on rising sea levels, which threaten the country's underground water table; in 2000, the government appealed to Australia and New Zealand to take in Tuvaluans if rising sea levels should make evacuation necessary
Environment - international agreements	-	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	Polynesian	Polynesian 96%, Micronesian 4%
Exchange rates	New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 1.5087 (2004), 1.7221 (2003), 2.1622 (2002), 2.3788 (2001), 2.2012 (2000)	Tuvaluan dollars or Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.3095 (2005), 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003), 1.8406 (2002), 1.9334 (2001)
Executive branch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General of New Zealand Dame Silvia CARTWRIGHT (since 4 April 2001); New Zealand is represented by Administrator Neil WALTER (since 1 March 2003) head of government: Pio TUIA (since February 2005); note - position rotates annually among the three Faipule (village leaders) cabinet: the Council for the Ongoing Government of Tokelau, consisting of three Faipule (village leaders) and three Pulenuku (village mayors) functions as a cabinet elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade in New Zealand; the head of government is chosen from the Council of Faipule and serves a one-year term	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Filoimea TELITO (since 15 April 2005) head of government: Prime Minister Apisai IELEMIA (since 14 August 2006) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the recommendation of the prime minister elections: the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister; prime minister and deputy prime minister elected by and from the members of Parliament; election last held 14 August 2006 (next to be held following parliamentary elections in 2010) election results: Apisai IELEMIA elected Prime Minister in a Parliamentary election on 14 August 2006
Exports	$98,000 f.o.b. (1983)	$1 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Exports - commodities	stamps, copra, handicrafts	copra, fish
Exports - partners	New Zealand (2000)	Germany 60.5%, Italy 20.1%, Fiji 6.9% (2005)
Fiscal year	1 April - 31 March	calendar year
Flag description	the flag of New Zealand is used	light blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the outer half of the flag represents a map of the country with nine yellow five-pointed stars symbolizing the nine islands
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%	agriculture: 16.6% NA% industry: 27.2% NA% services: 56.2% NA%
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $1,000 (1993 est.)	-
GDP - real growth rate	NA	1.2% (2002 est.)
Geographic coordinates	9 00 S, 172 00 W	8 00 S, 178 00 E
Geography - note	consists of three atolls, each with a lagoon surrounded by a number of reef-bound islets of varying length and rising to over three meters above sea level	one of the smallest and most remote countries on Earth; six of the coral atolls - Nanumea, Nui, Vaitupu, Nukufetau, Funafuti, and Nukulaelae - have lagoons open to the ocean; Nanumaya and Niutao have landlocked lagoons; Niulakita does not have a lagoon
Highways	total: NA paved: NA unpaved: NA	-
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	$323,000 c.i.f. (1983)	$9.186 million c.i.f. (2004 est.)
Imports - commodities	foodstuffs, building materials, fuel	food, animals, mineral fuels, machinery, manufactured goods
Imports - partners	New Zealand (2000)	Fiji 46.1%, Japan 18.9%, China 18.2%, Australia 7.7%, NZ 4.1% (2005)
Independence	none (territory of New Zealand)	1 October 1978 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	NA%
Industries	small-scale enterprises for copra production, woodworking, plaited craft goods; stamps, coins; fishing	fishing, tourism, copra
Infant mortality rate	total: NA male: NA female: NA	total: 19.47 deaths/1,000 live births male: 22.27 deaths/1,000 live births female: 16.52 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	NA%	3.7% (2003 est.)
International organization participation	UNESCO (associate), UPU	ACP, AsDB, C, FAO, IFRCS (observer), IMO, ITU, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO
Irrigated land	NA sq km	NA
Judicial branch	Supreme Court in New Zealand exercises civil and criminal jurisdiction in Tokelau	High Court (a chief justice visits twice a year to preside over its sessions; its rulings can be appealed to the Court of Appeal in Fiji); eight Island Courts (with limited jurisdiction)
Labor force	NA	3,615 (2004 est.)
Labor force - by occupation	-	note: people make a living mainly through exploitation of the sea, reefs, and atolls and from wages sent home by those abroad (mostly workers in the phosphate industry and sailors)
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0% (soil is thin and infertile) permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 66.67% other: 33.33% (2005)
Languages	Tokelauan (a Polynesian language), English	Tuvaluan, English, Samoan, Kiribati (on the island of Nui)
Legal system	New Zealand and local statutes	NA
Legislative branch	unicameral General Fono (21 seats; based upon proportional representation from the three islands elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms; Nukunonu has 6 seats, Fakaofo has 7 seats, Atafu has 8 seats); note - the Tokelau Amendment Act of 1996 confers limited legislative power on the General Fono elections: last held January 2002 (next to be held January 2005)	unicameral Parliament or Fale I Fono, also called House of Assembly (15 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 3 August 2006 (next to be held in 2010) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 15
Life expectancy at birth	total population: NA male: -9 years female: -9 years (2005 est.)	total population: 68.32 years male: 66.08 years female: 70.66 years (2006 est.)
Literacy	NA	NA
Location	Oceania, group of three atolls in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand	Oceania, island group consisting of nine coral atolls in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Australia
Map references	Oceania	Oceania
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm	territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine	-	total: 52 ships (1000 GRT or over) 196,790 GRT/256,436 DWT by type: bulk carrier 3, cargo 37, chemical tanker 1, container 2, passenger 3, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 4, specialized tanker 1 foreign-owned: 43 (China 23, Hong Kong 8, Kenya 1, Russia 2, Singapore 6, Thailand 1, Turkey 2) (2006)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of New Zealand	-
Military branches	-	no regular military forces; Police Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure	-	NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	-	NA
National holiday	Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840)	Independence Day, 1 October (1978)
Nationality	noun: Tokelauan(s) adjective: Tokelauan	noun: Tuvaluan(s) adjective: Tuvaluan
Natural hazards	lies in Pacific typhoon belt	severe tropical storms are usually rare, but, in 1997, there were three cyclones; low level of islands make them sensitive to changes in sea level
Natural resources	NEGL	fish
Net migration rate	NA	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Political parties and leaders	none	there are no political parties but members of Parliament usually align themselves in informal groupings
Political pressure groups and leaders	none	none
Population	1,405 (July 2005 est.)	11,810 (July 2006 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA	NA%
Population growth rate	-0.01% (2005 est.)	1.51% (2006 est.)
Ports and harbors	none; offshore anchorage only	-
Radio broadcast stations	AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA note: 1 radio station provides service to all islands (2002)	AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (2004)
Religions	Congregational Christian Church 70%, Roman Catholic 28%, other 2% note: on Atafu, all Congregational Christian Church of Samoa; on Nukunonu, all Roman Catholic; on Fakaofo, both denominations, with the Congregational Christian Church predominant	Church of Tuvalu (Congregationalist) 97%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1.4%, Baha'i 1%, other 0.6%
Sex ratio	NA	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.61 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
Suffrage	21 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: modern satellite-based communications system; domestic: radiotelephone service between islands international: country code - 690; radiotelephone service to Samoa; government-regulated telephone service (TeleTok), with 3 satellite earth stations, established in 1997	general assessment: serves particular needs for internal communications domestic: radiotelephone communications between islands international: country code - 688; international calls can be made by satellite
Telephones - main lines in use	300 (2002)	700 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular	0 (2001)	0 (2004)
Television broadcast stations	-	0 (2004)
Terrain	low-lying coral atolls enclosing large lagoons	very low-lying and narrow coral atolls
Total fertility rate	NA	2.98 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Unemployment rate	NA%	NA%

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