Compare Togo (2004) - Togo (2007)

Compare Togo (2004) z Togo (2007)

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	Togo (2004)	Togo (2007)

Administrative divisions	5 regions (regions, singular - region); Kara, Plateaux, Savanes, Centrale, Maritime	5 regions (regions, singular - region); Centrale, Kara, Maritime, Plateaux, Savanes
Age structure	0-14 years: 43.9% (male 1,222,622; female 1,214,443) 15-64 years: 53.6% (male 1,455,373; female 1,522,456) 65 years and over: 2.6% (male 59,165; female 82,753) (2004 est.)	0-14 years: 42% (male 1,201,840/female 1,193,416) 15-64 years: 55.3% (male 1,535,855/female 1,617,631) 65 years and over: 2.7% (male 61,658/female 91,179) (2007 est.)
Airports	9 (2003 est.)	9 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 (2004 est.)	total: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)	total: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 3 (2007)
Background	French Togoland became Togo in 1960. Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA, installed as military ruler in 1967, is Africa's longest-serving head of state. Despite the facade of multiparty elections instituted in the early 1990s, the government continues to be dominated by President EYADEMA, whose Rally of the Togolese People (RPT) party has maintained power almost continually since 1967. In addition, Togo has come under fire from international organizations for human rights abuses and is plagued by political unrest. While most bilateral and multilateral aid to Togo remains frozen, the European Union initiated a partial resumption of cooperation and development aid to Togo in late 2004.	French Togoland became Togo in 1960. Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA, installed as military ruler in 1967, continued to rule into the 21st century. Despite the facade of multiparty elections instituted in the early 1990s, the government continued to be dominated by President EYADEMA, whose Rally of the Togolese People (RPT) party has maintained power almost continually since 1967. Togo has come under fire from international organizations for human rights abuses and is plagued by political unrest. While most bilateral and multilateral aid to Togo remains frozen, the EU initiated a partial resumption of cooperation and development aid to Togo in late 2004 based upon commitments by Togo to expand opportunities for political opposition and liberalize portions of the economy. Upon his death in February 2005, President EYADEMA was succeeded by his son Faure GNASSINGBE. The succession, supported by the military and in contravention of the nation's constitution, was challenged by popular protest and a threat of sanctions from regional leaders. GNASSINGBE succumbed to pressure and in April 2005 held elections that legitimized his succession. Legislative elections are scheduled for June 2007.
Birth rate	34.36 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)	36.83 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Budget	revenues: $214.5 million expenditures: $296.4 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2003 est.)	revenues: $392.3 million expenditures: $452.3 million (2006 est.)
Capital	Lome	name: Lome geographic coordinates: 6 08 N, 1 13 E time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Constitution	multiparty draft constitution approved by High Council of the Republic 1 July 1992; adopted by public referendum 27 September 1992	multiparty draft constitution approved by High Council of the Republic 1 July 1992, adopted by public referendum 27 September 1992
Country name	conventional long form: Togolese Republic conventional short form: Togo local long form: Republique Togolaise local short form: none former: French Togoland	conventional long form: Togolese Republic conventional short form: Togo local long form: Republique togolaise local short form: none former: French Togoland
Currency	Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States	-
Death rate	11.64 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)	9.65 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Debt - external	$1.4 billion (2000)	$2 billion (2005)
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Gregory ENGLE embassy: Angle Rue Kouenou and Rue 15 Beniglato, Lome mailing address: B. P. 852, Lome telephone: [228] 221 29 91 through 221 29 94 FAX: [228] 221 79 52	chief of mission: Ambassador David B. DUNN embassy: Angle Rue Kouenou and Rue 15 Beniglato, Lome mailing address: B. P. 852, Lome telephone: [228] 221 29 91 through 221 29 94 FAX: [228] 221 79 52
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Akoussoulelou BODJONA chancery: 2208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 234-4212 FAX: [1] (202) 232-3190	chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant) chancery: 2208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 234-4212 FAX: [1] (202) 232-3190
Disputes - international	in 2001 Benin claimed Togo moved boundary monuments - joint commission continues to resurvey the boundary	in 2001, Benin claimed Togo moved boundary monuments - joint commission continues to resurvey the boundary; in 2006 14,000 Togolese refugees remain in Benin and Ghana out of the 40,000 who fled there in 2005
Economic aid - recipient	ODA $80 million (2000 est.)	ODA, $86.71 million (2005 est.)
Economy - overview	This small sub-Saharan economy is heavily dependent on both commercial and subsistence agriculture, which provides employment for 65% of the labor force. Some basic foodstuffs must still be imported. Cocoa, coffee, and cotton generate about 40% of export earnings, with cotton being the most important cash crop. Togo is the world's fourth-largest producer of phosphate, but production fell an estimated 22% in 2002 due to power shortages and the cost of developing new deposits. The government's decade-long effort, supported by the World Bank and the IMF, to implement economic reform measures, encourage foreign investment, and bring revenues in line with expenditures has moved slowly. Progress depends on following through on privatization, increased openness in government financial operations, progress toward legislative elections, and continued support from foreign donors.	This small, sub-Saharan economy is heavily dependent on both commercial and subsistence agriculture, which provides employment for 65% of the labor force. Some basic foodstuffs must still be imported. Cocoa, coffee, and cotton generate about 40% of export earnings with cotton being the most important cash crop. Togo is the world's fourth-largest producer of phosphate. The government's decade-long effort, supported by the World Bank and the IMF, to implement economic reform measures, encourage foreign investment, and bring revenues in line with expenditures has moved slowly. Progress depends on follow through on privatization, increased openness in government financial operations, progress toward legislative elections, and continued support from foreign donors. Togo is working with donors to write a Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF) that could eventually lead to a debt reduction plan.
Electricity - consumption	614.5 million kWh (2001)	576 million kWh (2005)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - imports	520 million kWh; note - electricity supplied by Ghana (2001)	486 million kWh; note - electricity supplied by Ghana (2005)
Electricity - production	101.6 million kWh (2001)	176 million kWh (2005)
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	native African (37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe, Mina, and Kabre) 99%, European and Syrian-Lebanese less than 1%	African (37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe, Mina, and Kabre) 99%, European and Syrian-Lebanese less than 1%
Exchange rates	Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 581.2 (2003), 696.988 (2002), 733.039 (2001), 711.976 (2000), 615.699 (1999)	Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 522.59 (2006), 527.47 (2005), 528.29 (2004), 581.2 (2003), 696.99 (2002)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Faure GNASSINGBE (since 6 February 2005); note - Gnassingbe EYADEMA died on 5 February 2005 and was succeeded by his son, Faure GNASSINGBE, who will be allowed to complete his father's term head of government: Prime Minister Koffi SAMA (since 29 June 2002) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president and the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 1 June 2003 (next to be held NA June 2008); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Gnassingbe EYADEMA reelected president; percent of vote - Gnassingbe EYADEMA 57.2%, Emmanuel Akitani BOB 34.1%, Yawovi AGBOYIBO 5.2%, Maurice Dahuku PERE 2.3%, Edem KODJO 1.0%	chief of state: President Faure GNASSINGBE (since 6 February 2005); note - Gnassingbe EYADEMA died on 5 February 2005 and was succeeded by his son, Faure GNASSINGBE; popular elections in April 2005 validated the succession head of government: Prime Minister Yawovi AGBOYIBO (since 16 September 2006) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president and the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (no term limits); election last held 24 April 2005 (next to be held by 2010); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Faure GNASSINGBE elected president; percent of vote - Faure GNASSINGBE 60.2%, Emmanuel Akitani BOB 38.3%, Nicolas LAWSON 1%, Harry OLYMPIO 0.5%
Exports	NA (2001)	NA bbl/day
Exports - partners	Burkina Faso 16.6%, Ghana 15.4%, Netherlands 13%, Benin 9.6%, Mali 7.7% (2003)	Ghana 16.7%, Burkina Faso 14.4%, Benin 9.1%, Belgium 6.1%, Mali 5.8%, Germany 5.4%, India 4.6%, Netherlands 4.6% (2006)
GDP	purchasing power parity - $8.257 billion (2003 est.)	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 39.5% industry: 20.4% services: 40.1% (2003 est.)	agriculture: 40% industry: 25% services: 35% (2003 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $1,500 (2003 est.)	-
GDP - real growth rate	3.3% (2003 est.)	2% (2006 est.)
Highways	total: 7,520 km paved: 2,376 km unpaved: 5,144 km (1999 est.)	-
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	NA (2001)	NA bbl/day
Imports - partners	France 21.1%, Netherlands 12.1%, Cote d'Ivoire 5.9%, Germany 4.6%, Italy 4.4%, South Africa 4.3%, China 4.1% (2003)	China 29.8%, UK 10.9%, France 8.9%, Netherlands 6%, Belgium 5.8%, US 4.6%, Estonia 4.2% (2006)
Industrial production growth rate	NA	NA%
Industries	phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement; handicrafts, textiles, beverages	phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement, handicrafts, textiles, beverages
Infant mortality rate	total: 67.66 deaths/1,000 live births male: 75.4 deaths/1,000 live births female: 59.69 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)	total: 59.12 deaths/1,000 live births male: 66.56 deaths/1,000 live births female: 51.46 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-1% (2003 est.)	2.2% (2006 est.)
International organization participation	ABEDA, ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, ONUB, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO	ABEDA, ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OIC, OIF, ONUB, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Irrigated land	70 sq km (1998 est.)	70 sq km (2003)
Labor force	1.74 million (1996)	1.302 million (1998)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 65%, industry 5%, services 30% (1998 est.)	agriculture: 65% industry: 5% services: 30% (1998 est.)
Land use	arable land: 46.15% permanent crops: 2.21% other: 51.64% (2001)	arable land: 44.2% permanent crops: 2.11% other: 53.69% (2005)
Legal system	French-based court system	French-based court system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Legislative branch	unicameral National Assembly (81 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 27 October 2002 (next NA 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - RPT 72, RSDD 3, UDPS 2, Juvento 2, MOCEP 1, independents 1 note: two opposition parties boycotted the election, the Union of the Forces for Change, and the Action Committee for Renewal	unicameral National Assembly (81 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held on 14 October 2007 (next to be held in 2012) election results: percent of vote by party - RPT 39.4%, UFC 37.0%, CAR 8.2%, independents 2.5%, other 12.9%; seats by party - RPT 50, UFC 27, CAR 4
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 53.05 years male: 51.07 years female: 55.09 years (2004 est.)	total population: 57.86 years male: 55.81 years female: 59.96 years (2007 est.)
Merchant marine	total: 2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 3,918 GRT/3,852 DWT by type: cargo 1, specialized tanker 1 registered in other countries: 1 (2004 est.)	total: 2 ships (1000 GRT or over) 3,918 GRT/3,852 DWT by type: cargo 1, refrigerated cargo 1 (2007)
Military branches	Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie	Togolese Armed Forces (FAT): Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie (2005)
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$32.6 million (2003)	-
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	1.9% (2003)	1.6% (2005 est.)
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 1,316,455 (2004 est.)	-
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 690,331 (2004 est.)	-
Net migration rate	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Political parties and leaders	Juvento [Monsilia DJATO]; Movement of the Believers of Peace and Equality or MOCEP [leader NA]; Rally for the Support for Development and Democracy or RSDD [Harryy OLYMPIO]; Rally of the Togolese People or RPT [President Gnassingbe EYADEMA]; Union for Democracy and Social Progress or UDPS [Gagou KOKOU] note: Rally of the Togolese People or RPT, led by President EYADEMA, was the only party until the formation of multiple parties was legalized 12 April 1991	Action Committee for Renewal or CAR [Yawovi AGBOYIBO]; Democratic Convention of African Peoples or CDPA; Democratic Party for Renewal or PDR; Juvento [Monsilia DJATO]; Movement of the Believers of Peace and Equality or MOCEP; Pan-African Patriotic Convergence or CPP; Rally for the Support for Development and Democracy or RSDD [Harry OLYMPIO]; Rally of the Togolese People or RPT [Faure GNASSINGBE]; Socialist Pact for Renewal or PSR; Union for Democracy and Social Progress or UDPS [Gagou KOKOU]; Union of Forces for a Change or UFC [Gilchrist OLYMPIO]
Population	5,556,812 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2004 est.)	5,701,579 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2007 est.)
Population growth rate	2.27% (2004 est.)	2.718% (2007 est.)
Ports and harbors	Kpeme, Lome	-
Railways	total: 568 km narrow gauge: 568 km 1.000-m gauge (2003)	total: 568 km narrow gauge: 568 km 1.000-m gauge (2006)
Religions	indigenous beliefs 51%, Christian 29%, Muslim 20%	Christian 29%, Muslim 20%, indigenous beliefs 51%
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2004 est.)	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.007 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.949 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.676 male(s)/female total population: 0.965 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Suffrage	NA years of age; universal adult	NA years of age; universal (adult)
Telephone system	general assessment: fair system based on a network of microwave radio relay routes supplemented by open-wire lines and a mobile cellular system domestic: microwave radio relay and open-wire lines for conventional system; cellular system has capacity of 10,000 telephones international: country code - 228; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Symphonie	general assessment: fair system based on a network of microwave radio relay routes supplemented by open-wire lines and a mobile cellular system domestic: microwave radio relay and open-wire lines for conventional system international: country code - 228; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Symphonie
Telephones - main lines in use	60,600 (2003)	82,100 (2006)
Telephones - mobile cellular	220,000 (2003)	708,000 (2006)
Television broadcast stations	3 (plus two repeaters) (1997)	3 (plus 2 repeaters) (1997)
Total fertility rate	4.79 children born/woman (2004 est.)	4.9 children born/woman (2007 est.)
Unemployment rate	NA (2003 est.)	NA%
Waterways	50 km (seasonally on Mono River depending on rainfall) (2003)	50 km (seasonally on Mono River depending on rainfall) (2005)

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