Compare Togo (2004) - Cameroon (2005)

Compare Togo (2004) z Cameroon (2005)

	Togo (2004)	Cameroon (2005)

Administrative divisions	5 regions (regions, singular - region); Kara, Plateaux, Savanes, Centrale, Maritime	10 provinces; Adamaoua, Centre, Est, Extreme-Nord, Littoral, Nord, Nord-Ouest, Ouest, Sud, Sud-Ouest
Age structure	0-14 years: 43.9% (male 1,222,622; female 1,214,443) 15-64 years: 53.6% (male 1,455,373; female 1,522,456) 65 years and over: 2.6% (male 59,165; female 82,753) (2004 est.)	0-14 years: 41.7% (male 3,457,180/female 3,375,668) 15-64 years: 55% (male 4,537,281/female 4,477,163) 65 years and over: 3.3% (male 239,634/female 293,079) (2005 est.)
Agriculture - products	coffee, cocoa, cotton, yams, cassava (tapioca), corn, beans, rice, millet, sorghum; livestock; fish	coffee, cocoa, cotton, rubber, bananas, oilseed, grains, root starches; livestock; timber
Airports	9 (2003 est.)	47 (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 (2004 est.)	total: 11 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)	total: 36 1,524 to 2,437 m: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 20 under 914 m: 9 (2004 est.)
Area	total: 56,785 sq km land: 54,385 sq km water: 2,400 sq km	total: 475,440 sq km land: 469,440 sq km water: 6,000 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than West Virginia	slightly larger than California
Background	French Togoland became Togo in 1960. Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA, installed as military ruler in 1967, is Africa's longest-serving head of state. Despite the facade of multiparty elections instituted in the early 1990s, the government continues to be dominated by President EYADEMA, whose Rally of the Togolese People (RPT) party has maintained power almost continually since 1967. In addition, Togo has come under fire from international organizations for human rights abuses and is plagued by political unrest. While most bilateral and multilateral aid to Togo remains frozen, the European Union initiated a partial resumption of cooperation and development aid to Togo in late 2004.	The former French Cameroon and part of British Cameroon merged in 1961 to form the present country. Cameroon has generally enjoyed stability, which has permitted the development of agriculture, roads, and railways, as well as a petroleum industry. Despite movement toward democratic reform, political power remains firmly in the hands of an ethnic oligarchy.
Birth rate	34.36 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)	34.67 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Budget	revenues: $214.5 million expenditures: $296.4 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2003 est.)	revenues: $2.493 billion expenditures: $2.248 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Capital	Lome	Yaounde
Climate	tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north	varies with terrain, from tropical along coast to semiarid and hot in north
Coastline	56 km	402 km
Constitution	multiparty draft constitution approved by High Council of the Republic 1 July 1992; adopted by public referendum 27 September 1992	20 May 1972 approved by referendum, 2 June 1972 formally adopted; revised January 1996
Country name	conventional long form: Togolese Republic conventional short form: Togo local long form: Republique Togolaise local short form: none former: French Togoland	conventional long form: Republic of Cameroon conventional short form: Cameroon former: French Cameroon
Currency	Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States	-
Death rate	11.64 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)	15.4 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Debt - external	$1.4 billion (2000)	$8.46 billion (2004 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Gregory ENGLE embassy: Angle Rue Kouenou and Rue 15 Beniglato, Lome mailing address: B. P. 852, Lome telephone: [228] 221 29 91 through 221 29 94 FAX: [228] 221 79 52	chief of mission: Ambassador George McDade STAPLES embassy: Rue Nachtigal, Yaounde mailing address: P. O. Box 817, Yaounde; pouch: American Embassy, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-2520 telephone: [237] 223-05-12, 222-25-89, 222-17-94, 223-40-14 FAX: [237] 223-07-53 branch office(s): Douala
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Akoussoulelou BODJONA chancery: 2208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 234-4212 FAX: [1] (202) 232-3190	chief of mission: Ambassador Jerome MENDOUGA chancery: 2349 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 265-8790 FAX: [1] (202) 387-3826
Disputes - international	in 2001 Benin claimed Togo moved boundary monuments - joint commission continues to resurvey the boundary	ICJ ruled in 2002 on the entire Cameroon-Nigeria land and maritime boundary but the parties formed a Joint Border Commission, which continues to meet regularly to resolve differences bilaterally and have commenced with demarcation in less-contested sections of the boundary, starting in Lake Chad in the north; implementation of the ICJ ruling on the Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea-Nigeria maritime boundary in the Gulf of Guinea is impeded by imprecisely defined coordinates, the unresolved Bakassi allocation, and a sovereignty dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the Ntem River; Nigeria initially rejected cession of the Bakasi Peninsula, then agreed, but has yet to withdraw its forces while much of the indigenous population opposes cession; only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty which also includes Chad and Niger
Economic aid - recipient	ODA $80 million (2000 est.)	on 23 January 2001, the Paris Club agreed to reduce Cameroon's debt of $1.3 billion by $900 million; debt relief now totals $1.26 billion
Economy - overview	This small sub-Saharan economy is heavily dependent on both commercial and subsistence agriculture, which provides employment for 65% of the labor force. Some basic foodstuffs must still be imported. Cocoa, coffee, and cotton generate about 40% of export earnings, with cotton being the most important cash crop. Togo is the world's fourth-largest producer of phosphate, but production fell an estimated 22% in 2002 due to power shortages and the cost of developing new deposits. The government's decade-long effort, supported by the World Bank and the IMF, to implement economic reform measures, encourage foreign investment, and bring revenues in line with expenditures has moved slowly. Progress depends on following through on privatization, increased openness in government financial operations, progress toward legislative elections, and continued support from foreign donors.	Because of its oil resources and favorable agricultural conditions, Cameroon has one of the best-endowed primary commodity economies in sub-Saharan Africa. Still, it faces many of the serious problems facing other underdeveloped countries, such as a top-heavy civil service and a generally unfavorable climate for business enterprise. Since 1990, the government has embarked on various IMF and World Bank programs designed to spur business investment, increase efficiency in agriculture, improve trade, and recapitalize the nation's banks. In June 2000, the government completed an IMF-sponsored, three-year structural adjustment program; however, the IMF is pressing for more reforms, including increased budget transparency, privatization, and poverty reduction programs. International oil and cocoa prices have considerable impact on the economy.
Electricity - consumption	614.5 million kWh (2001)	3.321 billion kWh (2002)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - imports	520 million kWh; note - electricity supplied by Ghana (2001)	0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - production	101.6 million kWh (2001)	3.571 billion kWh (2002)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mont Agou 986 m	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Fako (on Mount Cameroon) 4,095 m
Environment - current issues	deforestation attributable to slash-and-burn agriculture and the use of wood for fuel; water pollution presents health hazards and hinders the fishing industry; air pollution increasing in urban areas	waterborne diseases are prevalent; deforestation; overgrazing; desertification; poaching; overfishing
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94 signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	native African (37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe, Mina, and Kabre) 99%, European and Syrian-Lebanese less than 1%	Cameroon Highlanders 31%, Equatorial Bantu 19%, Kirdi 11%, Fulani 10%, Northwestern Bantu 8%, Eastern Nigritic 7%, other African 13%, non-African less than 1%
Exchange rates	Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 581.2 (2003), 696.988 (2002), 733.039 (2001), 711.976 (2000), 615.699 (1999)	Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XAF) per US dollar - 528.29 (2004), 581.2 (2003), 696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Faure GNASSINGBE (since 6 February 2005); note - Gnassingbe EYADEMA died on 5 February 2005 and was succeeded by his son, Faure GNASSINGBE, who will be allowed to complete his father's term head of government: Prime Minister Koffi SAMA (since 29 June 2002) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president and the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 1 June 2003 (next to be held NA June 2008); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Gnassingbe EYADEMA reelected president; percent of vote - Gnassingbe EYADEMA 57.2%, Emmanuel Akitani BOB 34.1%, Yawovi AGBOYIBO 5.2%, Maurice Dahuku PERE 2.3%, Edem KODJO 1.0%	chief of state: President Paul BIYA (since 6 November 1982) head of government: Prime Minister Ephraim INONI (since 8 Dec 2004) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from proposals submitted by the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; election last held 11 October 2004 (next to be held NA October 2011); prime minister appointed by the president election results: President Paul BIYA reelected; percent of vote - Paul BIYA 70.9%, John FRU NDI 17.4%, Adamou Ndam NJOYA 4.5%, Garga Haman ADJI 3.7%
Exports	NA (2001)	NA
Exports - commodities	reexports, cotton, phosphates, coffee, cocoa	crude oil and petroleum products, lumber, cocoa beans, aluminum, coffee, cotton
Exports - partners	Burkina Faso 16.6%, Ghana 15.4%, Netherlands 13%, Benin 9.6%, Mali 7.7% (2003)	Spain 15.2%, Italy 12.3%, UK 10.2%, France 9.2%, US 8.8%, South Korea 7.1%, Netherlands 4.3% (2004)
Fiscal year	calendar year	1 July - 30 June
Flag description	five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom) alternating with yellow; there is a white five-pointed star on a red square in the upper hoist-side corner; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia	three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), red, and yellow with a yellow five-pointed star centered in the red band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
GDP	purchasing power parity - $8.257 billion (2003 est.)	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 39.5% industry: 20.4% services: 40.1% (2003 est.)	agriculture: 43.7% industry: 20.1% services: 36.2% (2004 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $1,500 (2003 est.)	purchasing power parity - $1,900 (2004 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	3.3% (2003 est.)	4.9% (2004 est.)
Geographic coordinates	8 00 N, 1 10 E	6 00 N, 12 00 E
Geography - note	the country's length allows it to stretch through six distinct geographic regions; climate varies from tropical to savanna	sometimes referred to as the hinge of Africa; throughout the country there are areas of thermal springs and indications of current or prior volcanic activity; Mount Cameroon, the highest mountain in Sub-Saharan west Africa, is an active volcano
Highways	total: 7,520 km paved: 2,376 km unpaved: 5,144 km (1999 est.)	total: 34,300 km paved: 4,288 km unpaved: 30,012 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA	lowest 10%: 1.9% highest 10%: 36.6% (1996)
Illicit drugs	transit hub for Nigerian heroin and cocaine traffickers; money laundering not a significant problem	-
Imports	NA (2001)	NA
Imports - commodities	machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products	machinery, electrical equipment, transport equipment, fuel, food
Imports - partners	France 21.1%, Netherlands 12.1%, Cote d'Ivoire 5.9%, Germany 4.6%, Italy 4.4%, South Africa 4.3%, China 4.1% (2003)	France 28.2%, Nigeria 9.9%, Belgium 7.6%, US 4.9%, China 4.8%, Germany 4.6%, Italy 4.1% (2004)
Independence	27 April 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)	1 January 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)
Industrial production growth rate	NA	4.2% (1999 est.)
Industries	phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement; handicrafts, textiles, beverages	petroleum production and refining, aluminum production, food processing, light consumer goods, textiles, lumber, ship repair
Infant mortality rate	total: 67.66 deaths/1,000 live births male: 75.4 deaths/1,000 live births female: 59.69 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)	total: 68.26 deaths/1,000 live births male: 72.14 deaths/1,000 live births female: 64.27 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-1% (2003 est.)	1% (2004 est.)
International organization participation	ABEDA, ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, ONUB, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO	ABEDA, ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, C, CEMAC, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Irrigated land	70 sq km (1998 est.)	330 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Supreme Court or Cour Supreme	Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president); High Court of Justice (consists of 9 judges and 6 substitute judges, elected by the National Assembly)
Labor force	1.74 million (1996)	6.68 million (2004 est.)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 65%, industry 5%, services 30% (1998 est.)	agriculture 70%, industry and commerce 13%, other 17%
Land boundaries	total: 1,647 km border countries: Benin 644 km, Burkina Faso 126 km, Ghana 877 km	total: 4,591 km border countries: Central African Republic 797 km, Chad 1,094 km, Republic of the Congo 523 km, Equatorial Guinea 189 km, Gabon 298 km, Nigeria 1,690 km
Land use	arable land: 46.15% permanent crops: 2.21% other: 51.64% (2001)	arable land: 12.81% permanent crops: 2.58% other: 84.61% (2001)
Languages	French (official and the language of commerce), Ewe and Mina (the two major African languages in the south), Kabye (sometimes spelled Kabiye) and Dagomba (the two major African languages in the north)	24 major African language groups, English (official), French (official)
Legal system	French-based court system	based on French civil law system, with common law influence; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch	unicameral National Assembly (81 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 27 October 2002 (next NA 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - RPT 72, RSDD 3, UDPS 2, Juvento 2, MOCEP 1, independents 1 note: two opposition parties boycotted the election, the Union of the Forces for Change, and the Action Committee for Renewal	unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (180 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms; note - the president can either lengthen or shorten the term of the legislature) elections: last held 23 June 2002 (next to be held NA 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RDCP 133, SDF 21, UDC 5, other 21 note: the constitution calls for an upper chamber for the legislature, to be called a Senate, but it has yet to be established
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 53.05 years male: 51.07 years female: 55.09 years (2004 est.)	total population: 50.89 years male: 50.71 years female: 51.08 years (2005 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 60.9% male: 75.4% female: 46.9% (2003 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 79% male: 84.7% female: 73.4% (2003 est.)
Location	Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Benin, between Benin and Ghana	Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Biafra, between Equatorial Guinea and Nigeria
Map references	Africa	Africa
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 30 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm	territorial sea: 50 nm
Merchant marine	total: 2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 3,918 GRT/3,852 DWT by type: cargo 1, specialized tanker 1 registered in other countries: 1 (2004 est.)	total: 1 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 169,593 GRT/357,023 DWT by type: petroleum tanker 1 (2005)
Military branches	Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie	Cameroon Armed Forces: Army, Navy (includes Naval Infantry), Air Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$32.6 million (2003)	$221.1 million (2004)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	1.9% (2003)	1.6% (2004)
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 1,316,455 (2004 est.)	-
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 690,331 (2004 est.)	-
National holiday	Independence Day, 27 April (1960)	Republic Day (National Day), 20 May (1972)
Nationality	noun: Togolese (singular and plural) adjective: Togolese	noun: Cameroonian(s) adjective: Cameroonian
Natural hazards	hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter; periodic droughts	volcanic activity with periodic releases of poisonous gases from Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun volcanoes
Natural resources	phosphates, limestone, marble, arable land	petroleum, bauxite, iron ore, timber, hydropower
Net migration rate	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Pipelines	-	gas 90 km; liquid petroleum gas 9 km; oil 1,120 km (2004)
Political parties and leaders	Juvento [Monsilia DJATO]; Movement of the Believers of Peace and Equality or MOCEP [leader NA]; Rally for the Support for Development and Democracy or RSDD [Harryy OLYMPIO]; Rally of the Togolese People or RPT [President Gnassingbe EYADEMA]; Union for Democracy and Social Progress or UDPS [Gagou KOKOU] note: Rally of the Togolese People or RPT, led by President EYADEMA, was the only party until the formation of multiple parties was legalized 12 April 1991	Cameroonian Democratic Union or UDC [Adamou NDAM NJOYA]; Democratic Rally of the Cameroon People or RDCP [Paul BIYA]; Movement for the Defense of the Republic or MDR [Dakole DAISSALA]; Movement for the Liberation and Development of Cameroon or MLDC [leader Marcel YONDO]; Movement for the Youth of Cameroon or MYC [Dieudonne TINA]; National Union for Democracy and Progress or UNDP [Maigari BELLO BOUBA]; Social Democratic Front or SDF [John FRU NDI]; Union of Cameroonian Populations or UPC [Augustin Frederic KODOCK]
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	Southern Cameroon National Council [Ayamba Ette OTUN]; Human Rights Defense Group [Albert MUKONG, president]
Population	5,556,812 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2004 est.)	16,380,005 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line	32% (1989 est.)	48% (2000 est.)
Population growth rate	2.27% (2004 est.)	1.93% (2005 est.)
Ports and harbors	Kpeme, Lome	Douala, Limboh Terminal
Radio broadcast stations	AM 2, FM 9, shortwave 4 (1998)	AM 2, FM 9, shortwave 3 (2002)
Railways	total: 568 km narrow gauge: 568 km 1.000-m gauge (2003)	total: 1,008 km narrow gauge: 1,008 km 1.000-m gauge (2004)
Religions	indigenous beliefs 51%, Christian 29%, Muslim 20%	indigenous beliefs 40%, Christian 40%, Muslim 20%
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2004 est.)	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Suffrage	NA years of age; universal adult	20 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: fair system based on a network of microwave radio relay routes supplemented by open-wire lines and a mobile cellular system domestic: microwave radio relay and open-wire lines for conventional system; cellular system has capacity of 10,000 telephones international: country code - 228; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Symphonie	general assessment: available only to business and government domestic: cable, microwave radio relay, and tropospheric scatter international: country code - 237; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); fiber optic submarine cable (SAT-3/WASC) provides connectivity to Europe and Asia
Telephones - main lines in use	60,600 (2003)	110,900 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular	220,000 (2003)	1.077 million (2003)
Television broadcast stations	3 (plus two repeaters) (1997)	1 (2002)
Terrain	gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern plateau; low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes	diverse, with coastal plain in southwest, dissected plateau in center, mountains in west, plains in north
Total fertility rate	4.79 children born/woman (2004 est.)	4.47 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate	NA (2003 est.)	30% (2001 est.)
Waterways	50 km (seasonally on Mono River depending on rainfall) (2003)	navigation mainly on Benue River; limited during rainy season (2004)

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