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Compare Togo (2001) - Denmark (2001)

Compare Togo (2001) z Denmark (2001)

 Togo (2001)Denmark (2001)
 TogoDenmark
Administrative divisions 5 regions (regions, singular - region); De La Kara, Des Plateaux, Des Savanes, Du Centre, Maritime metropolitan Denmark - 14 counties (amter, singular - amt) and 2 kommunes*; Arhus, Bornholm, Fredericksberg*, Frederiksborg, Fyn, Kobenhavn, Kobenhavns*, Nordjylland, Ribe, Ringkobing, Roskilde, Sonderjylland, Storstrom, Vejle, Vestsjalland, Viborg

note:
see separate entries for the Faroe Islands and Greenland, which are part of the Kingdom of Denmark and are self-governing administrative divisions
Age structure 0-14 years:
45.63% (male 1,179,650; female 1,171,748)

15-64 years:
51.92% (male 1,302,197; female 1,373,247)

65 years and over:
2.45% (male 54,651; female 71,595) (2001 est.)
0-14 years:
18.59% (male 510,826; female 484,385)

15-64 years:
66.56% (male 1,804,617; female 1,758,019)

65 years and over:
14.85% (male 331,906; female 463,062) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products coffee, cocoa, cotton, yams, cassava (tapioca), corn, beans, rice, millet, sorghum; livestock; fish grain, potatoes, rape, sugar beets; pork and beef, dairy products; fish
Airports 9 (2000 est.) 119 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
2

2,438 to 3,047 m:
2 (2000 est.)
total:
28

over 3,047 m:
2

2,438 to 3,047 m:
7

1,524 to 2,437 m:
4

914 to 1,523 m:
12

under 914 m:
3 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
7

914 to 1,523 m:
5

under 914 m:
2 (2000 est.)
total:
91

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
7

under 914 m:
83 (2000 est.)
Area total:
56,785 sq km

land:
54,385 sq km

water:
2,400 sq km
total:
43,094 sq km

land:
42,394 sq km

water:
700 sq km

note:
includes the island of Bornholm in the Baltic Sea and the rest of metropolitan Denmark (the Jutland Peninsula, and the major islands of Sjaeland and Fyn), but excludes the Faroe Islands and Greenland
Area - comparative slightly smaller than West Virginia slightly less than twice the size of Massachusetts
Background French Togoland became Togo in 1960. General Gnassingbe EYADEMA, installed as military ruler in 1967, is Africa's longest-serving head of state. Despite the facade of multiparty elections that resulted in EYADEMA's victory in 1993, the government continues to be dominated by the military. In addition, Togo has come under fire from international organizations for human rights abuses and is plagued by political unrest. Most bilateral and multilateral aid to Togo remains frozen. Once the seat of Viking raiders and later a major north European power, Denmark has evolved into a modern, prosperous nation that is participating in the political and economic integration of Europe. So far, however, the country has opted out of some aspects of the European Union's Maastricht Treaty, including the economic and monetary system (EMU) and issues concerning certain internal affairs.
Birth rate 37.04 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 11.96 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues:
$232 million

expenditures:
$252 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1997 est.)
revenues:
$52.9 billion

expenditures:
$51.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $500 million (2001 est.)
Capital Lome Copenhagen
Climate tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north temperate; humid and overcast; mild, windy winters and cool summers
Coastline 56 km 7,314 km
Constitution multiparty draft constitution approved by High Council of the Republic 1 July 1992; adopted by public referendum 27 September 1992 1849 was the original constitution; there was a major overhaul 5 June 1953, allowing for a unicameral legislature and a female chief of state
Country name conventional long form:
Togolese Republic

conventional short form:
Togo

local long form:
Republique Togolaise

local short form:
none

former:
French Togoland
conventional long form:
Kingdom of Denmark

conventional short form:
Denmark

local long form:
Kongeriget Danmark

local short form:
Danmark
Currency Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States Danish krone (DKK)
Death rate 11.24 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 10.9 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $1.5 billion (1999) $21.7 billion (2000)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Karl HOFMANN

embassy:
Angle Rue Kouenou and Rue 15 Beniglato, Lome

mailing address:
B. P. 852, Lome

telephone:
[228] 21 29 91 through 21 29 94

FAX:
[228] 21 79 52
chief of mission:
Ambassador Stuart BERNSTEIN

embassy:
Dag Hammarskjolds Alle 24, 2100 Copenhagen

mailing address:
PSC 73, APO AE 09716

telephone:
[45] 35 55 31 44

FAX:
[45] 35 38 96 16
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Akoussoulelov BODJONA

chancery:
2208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 234-4212

FAX:
[1] (202) 232-3190
chief of mission:
Ambassador Ulrik Andreas FEDERSPIEL

chancery:
3200 Whitehaven Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 234-4300

FAX:
[1] (202) 328-1470

consulate(s) general:
Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York
Disputes - international none Rockall continental shelf dispute involving Iceland and the UK (Ireland and the UK have signed a boundary agreement in the Rockall area); dispute with Iceland over the Faroe Islands fisheries median line boundary within 200 NM; disputes with Iceland, the UK, and Ireland over the Faroe Islands continental shelf boundary outside 200 NM
Economic aid - donor - ODA, $1.63 billion (1999)
Economic aid - recipient $201.1 million (1995) -
Economy - overview This small sub-Saharan economy is heavily dependent on both commercial and subsistence agriculture, which provides employment for 65% of the labor force. Some basic foodstuffs must still be imported. Together, cocoa, coffee, and cotton generate some 40% of export earnings, with cotton being the most significant cash crop despite falling prices on the world market. In the industrial sector, phosphate mining is by far the most important activity. Togo is the world's fourth largest producer, and geological advantages keep production costs low. The recently privatized mining operation, Office Togolais des Phosphates (OTP), is slowly recovering from a steep fall in prices in the early 1990's, but continues to face the challenge of tough foreign competition, exacerbated by weakening demand. Togo serves as a regional commercial and trade center. It continues to expand its duty-free export-processing zone (EPZ), launched in 1989, which has attracted enterprises from France, Italy, Scandinavia, the US, India, and China and created jobs for Togolese nationals. The government's decade-long effort, supported by the World Bank and the IMF, to implement economic reform measures, encourage foreign investment, and bring revenues in line with expenditures has stalled. Progress depends on following through on privatization, increased openness in government financial operations, progress towards legislative elections, and possible downsizing of the military, on which the regime has depended to stay in place. Lack of foreign aid, deterioration of the financial sector, energy shortages, and depressed commodity prices continue to constrain economic growth; however, Togo did realize a 3% gain in GDP in 1999. The takeover of the national power company by a Franco-Canadian consortium in 2000 should ease the energy crisis and if successful legislative elections pave the way for increased aid, growth should rise to 5% a year in 2001-02. This thoroughly modern market economy features high-tech agriculture, up-to-date small-scale and corporate industry, extensive government welfare measures, comfortable living standards, and high dependence on foreign trade. Denmark is a net exporter of food and energy and has a comfortable balance of payments surplus. The center-left coalition government has reduced the formerly high unemployment rate and attained a budget surplus as well as followed the previous government's policies of maintaining low inflation and a stable currency. The coalition has lowered marginal income tax rates and raised environmental taxes thus maintaining overall tax revenues. Problems of bottlenecks, and longer term demographic changes reducing the labor force, are being addressed through labor market reforms. The government has been successful in meeting, and even exceeding, the economic convergence criteria for participating in the third phase (a common European currency) of the European Monetary Union (EMU), but Denmark, in a September 2000 referendum, reconfirmed its decision not to join the 11 other EU members in the euro. Even so, the Danish currency remains pegged to the euro.
Electricity - consumption 511.6 million kWh (1999) 32.916 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) 7.28 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 426 million kWh

note:
electricity supplied by Ghana (1999)
4.963 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 92 million kWh (1999) 37.885 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
97.83%

hydro:
2.17%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
fossil fuel:
88.4%

hydro:
0.07%

nuclear:
0%

other:
11.53% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Mont Agou 986 m
lowest point:
Lammefjord -7 m

highest point:
Yding Skovhoej 173 m
Environment - current issues deforestation attributable to slash-and-burn agriculture and the use of wood for fuel; water pollution presents health hazards and hinders the fishing industry; air pollution increasing in urban areas air pollution, principally from vehicle and power plant emissions; nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of the North Sea; drinking and surface water becoming polluted from animal wastes and pesticides
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
party to:
Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified:
Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea
Ethnic groups native African (37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe, Mina, and Kabre) 99%, European and Syrian-Lebanese less than 1% Scandinavian, Inuit, Faroese, German, Turkish, Iranian, Somali
Exchange rates Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 699.21 (January 2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997), 511.55 (1996); note - from 1 January 1999, the XOF is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XOF per euro Danish kroner per US dollar - 7.951 (January 2001), 8.083 (2000), 6.976 (1999), 6.701 (1998), 6.604 (1997), 5.799 (1996); note - the Danes rejected the Euro in a 28 September 2000 referendum
Executive branch chief of state:
President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA (since 14 April 1967)

head of government:
Prime Minister Agbeyome KODJO (since 29 August 2000)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the president and the prime minister

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 21 June 1998 (next to be held NA 2003); prime minister appointed by the president

election results:
Gnassingbe EYADEMA reelected president; percent of vote - Gnassingbe EYADEMA 52.13%, Gilchrist OLYMPIO 34.12%, other 13.75%
chief of state:
Queen MARGRETHE II (since 14 January 1972); Heir Apparent Crown Prince FREDERIK, elder son of the monarch (born 26 May 1968)

head of government:
Prime Minister Poul Nyrup RASMUSSEN (since 25 January 1993)

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the prime minister and approved by Parliament

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch
Exports $336 million (f.o.b., 2000) $50.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Exports - commodities cotton, phosphates, coffee, cocoa machinery and instruments, meat and meat products, dairy products, fish, chemicals, furniture, ships, windmills
Exports - partners Nigeria, Brazil, Canada, Philippines (1999) EU 66.5% (Germany 20.1%, Sweden 11.7%, UK 9.6%, France 5.3%, Netherlands 4.7%), Norway 5.8%, US 5.4% (1999)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom) alternating with yellow; there is a white five-pointed star on a red square in the upper hoist-side corner; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia red with a white cross that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side, and that design element of the Dannebrog (Danish flag) was subsequently adopted by the other Nordic countries of Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden
GDP purchasing power parity - $7.3 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $136.2 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
42%

industry:
21%

services:
37% (1997)
agriculture:
3%

industry:
25%

services:
72% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,500 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $25,500 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 3.4% (2000 est.) 2.8% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 8 00 N, 1 10 E 56 00 N, 10 00 E
Geography - note - controls Danish Straits (Skagerrak and Kattegat) linking Baltic and North Seas; about one-quarter of the population lives in greater Copenhagen
Highways total:
7,520 km

paved:
2,376 km

unpaved:
5,144 km (1996)
total:
71,474 km

paved:
71,474 km (including 880 km of expressways)

unpaved:
0 km (1999)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
lowest 10%:
2%

highest 10%:
24% (2000 est.)
Illicit drugs transit hub for Nigerian heroin and cocaine traffickers -
Imports $452 million (f.o.b., 2000) $43.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Imports - commodities machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products machinery and equipment, raw materials and semimanufactures for industry, chemicals, grain and foodstuffs, consumer goods
Imports - partners Ghana, China, France, Cote d'Ivoire (1999) EU 72.1% (Germany 21.6%, Sweden 12.4%, UK 8.0%, Netherlands 8.0%, France 5.8%), Norway 4.2%, US 4.5% (1999)
Independence 27 April 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship) first organized as a unified state in 10th century; in 1849 became a constitutional monarchy
Industrial production growth rate NA% 3% (2000 est.)
Industries phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement; handicrafts, textiles, beverages food processing, machinery and equipment, textiles and clothing, chemical products, electronics, construction, furniture, and other wood products, shipbuilding, windmills
Infant mortality rate 70.43 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) 5.04 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2.5% (2000 est.) 2.9% (2000 est.)
International organization participation ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MIPONUH, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB, WAEMU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CCC, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MONUC, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOGIP, UNMOP, UNMOT, UNOMIG, UNTAET, UNTSO, UPU, WEU (observer), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO, ZC
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 3 (2000) 13 (2000)
Irrigated land 70 sq km (1993 est.) 4,350 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Supreme Court or Cour Supreme Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch for life)
Labor force 1.74 million (1996) 2.856 million (2000 est.)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 65%, industry 5%, services 30% (1998 est.) services 79%, industry 17%, agriculture 4% (2000 est.)
Land boundaries total:
1,647 km

border countries:
Benin 644 km, Burkina Faso 126 km, Ghana 877 km
total:
68 km

border countries:
Germany 68 km
Land use arable land:
38%

permanent crops:
7%

permanent pastures:
4%

forests and woodland:
17%

other:
34% (1993 est.)
arable land:
60%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
5%

forests and woodland:
10%

other:
25% (1993 est.)
Languages French (official and the language of commerce), Ewe and Mina (the two major African languages in the south), Kabye (sometimes spelled Kabiye) and Dagomba (the two major African languages in the north) Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic (an Inuit dialect), German (small minority)

note:
English is the predominant second language
Legal system French-based court system civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Legislative branch unicameral National Assembly (81 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 21 March 1999 (next due to be held NA October 2001)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPT 79, independents 2

note:
Togo's main opposition parties boycotted the election because of EYADEMA's alleged manipulation of 1998 presidential polling; in March of 1999, opposition parties entered into negotiations with the president over the establishment of an independent electoral commission and a new round of legislative elections, now scheduled for October 2001
unicameral Parliament or Folketing (179 seats, including 2 from Greenland and 2 from the Faroe Islands; members are elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held 11 March 1998 (next to be held by March 2002)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - progovernment parties: Social Democratic Party 65, Socialist People's Party 13, Social Liberal Party 7, Red-Green Unity List 5; opposition: Liberal Party 43, Conservative Party 17, Danish People's Party 13, Center Democratic Party 8, Christian People's Party 4, Progress Party 4; seats by party as of 1 January 2001: government coalition parties - Social Democrats 63, Social Liberals 7; pro-government parties - Socialist People's Party 13, Unity List 5; opposition - Liberals 42, Conservatives 16, Danish People's Party 13, Center Democrats 8, Christian People's Party 4, Progress Party 4 (now named Freedom 2000); does not include the 4 overseas seats
Life expectancy at birth total population:
54.35 years

male:
52.38 years

female:
56.38 years (2001 est.)
total population:
76.72 years

male:
74.12 years

female:
79.47 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
51.7%

male:
67%

female:
37% (1995 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
100%

male:
NA%

female:
NA%
Location Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Benin, between Benin and Ghana Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, on a peninsula north of Germany (Jutland); also includes two major islands (Sjaeland and Fyn)
Map references Africa Europe
Maritime claims exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
30 NM
contiguous zone:
24 NM

continental shelf:
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine total:
1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,603 GRT/2,800 DWT

ships by type:
specialized tanker 1 (2000 est.)
total:
342 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 6,073,489 GRT/8,027,002 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 10, cargo 128, chemical tanker 27, container 76, liquefied gas 26, livestock carrier 6, petroleum tanker 22, railcar carrier 1, refrigerated cargo 13, roll on/roll off 23, short-sea passenger 7, specialized tanker 3

note:
includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Finland 1 (2000 est.)
Military branches Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie Royal Danish Army, Royal Danish Navy, Royal Danish Air Force, Home Guard
Military expenditures - dollar figure $27 million (FY96) $2.47 billion (FY99)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 2% (FY96) 1.4% (FY99)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
1,175,528 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49:
1,292,619 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
616,622 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49:
1,106,094 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 18 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males:
29,212 (2001 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 27 April (1960) none designated; Constitution Day, 5 June is generally viewed as the National Day
Nationality noun:
Togolese (singular and plural)

adjective:
Togolese
noun:
Dane(s)

adjective:
Danish
Natural hazards hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter; periodic droughts flooding is a threat in some areas of the country (e.g., parts of Jutland, along the southern coast of the island of Lolland) that are protected from the sea by a system of dikes
Natural resources phosphates, limestone, marble, arable land petroleum, natural gas, fish, salt, limestone, stone, gravel and sand
Net migration rate 0.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) 1.98 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines - crude oil 110 km; petroleum products 578 km; natural gas 700 km
Political parties and leaders Action Committee for Renewal or CAR [Yawovi AGBOYIBO]; Coordination des Forces Nouvelles or CFN [Joseph KOFFIGOH]; Democratic Convention of African Peoples or CDPA [Leopold GNININVI]; Party for Democracy and Renewal or PDR [Zarifou AYEVA]; Patriotic Pan-African Convergence or CPP [Edem KODJO]; Rally of the Togolese People or RPT [President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA]; Union of Forces for Change or UFC [Gilchrist OLYMPIO (in exile), Jeane-Pierre FABRE, general secretary in Togo]; Union of Independent Liberals or ULI [Jacques AMOUZO]

note:
Rally of the Togolese People or RPT, led by President EYADEMA, was the only party until the formation of multiple parties was legalized 12 April 1991
Center Democratic Party [Mimi JAKOBSEN]; Christian People's Party [Jann SJURSEN]; Conservative Party (sometimes known as Conservative People's Party) [Bendt BENDTSEN]; Danish People's Party [Pia KJAERSGAARD]; Liberal Party [Anders Fogh RASMUSSEN]; Progress Party (now named Freedom 2000) [Kim BEHNKE]; Social Democratic Party [Poul Nyrup RASMUSSEN]; Social Liberal Party (sometimes called the Radical Left) [Marianne JELVED, leader; Johannes LEBECH, chairman]; Socialist People's Party [Holger K. NIELSEN]; Red-Green Unity List (bloc includes Left Socialist Party, Communist Party of Denmark, Socialist Workers' Party) [collective leadership]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 5,153,088

note:
estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
5,352,815 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line 32% (1989 est.) NA%
Population growth rate 2.6% (2001 est.) 0.3% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Kpeme, Lome Abenra, Alborg, Arhus, Copenhagen, Esbjerg, Fredericia, Kolding, Odense, Roenne (Bornholm), Vejle
Radio broadcast stations AM 2, FM 9, shortwave 4 (1998) AM 2, FM 355, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios 940,000 (1997) 6.02 million (1997)
Railways total:
525 km (1995)

narrow gauge:
525 km 1.000-m gauge
total:
2,859 km (508 km privately owned and operated)

standard gauge:
2,859 km 1.435-m gauge (600 km electrified; 760 km double track) (1998)
Religions indigenous beliefs 59%, Christian 29%, Muslim 12% Evangelical Lutheran 95%, other Protestant and Roman Catholic 3%, Muslims 2%
Sex ratio at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.01 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.95 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.76 male(s)/female

total population:
0.97 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth:
1.06 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.03 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.72 male(s)/female

total population:
0.98 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage NA years of age; universal adult 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
fair system based on a network of microwave radio relay routes supplemented by open-wire lines and a mobile cellular system

domestic:
microwave radio relay and open-wire lines for conventional system; cellular system has capacity of 10,000 telephones

international:
satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Symphonie
general assessment:
excellent telephone and telegraph services

domestic:
buried and submarine cables and microwave radio relay form trunk network, 4 cellular mobile communications systems

international:
18 submarine fiber-optic cables linking Denmark with Norway, Sweden, Russia, Poland, Germany, Netherlands, UK, Faroe Islands, Iceland, and Canada; satellite earth stations - 6 Intelsat, 10 Eutelsat, 1 Orion, 1 Inmarsat (Blaavand-Atlantic-East); note - the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) share the Danish earth station and the Eik, Norway, station for worldwide Inmarsat access (1997)
Telephones - main lines in use 25,000 (1997) 4.785 million (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 2,995 (1997) 1,444,016 (1997)
Television broadcast stations 3 (plus two repeaters) (1997) 26 (plus 51 repeaters) (1998)
Terrain gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern plateau; low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes low and flat to gently rolling plains
Total fertility rate 5.32 children born/woman (2001 est.) 1.73 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate NA% 5.3% (2000)
Waterways 50 km (Mono river) 417 km
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