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Compare Thailand (2003) - Andorra (2001)

Compare Thailand (2003) z Andorra (2001)

 Thailand (2003)Andorra (2001)
 ThailandAndorra
Administrative divisions 76 provinces (changwat, singular and plural); Amnat Charoen, Ang Thong, Buriram, Chachoengsao, Chai Nat, Chaiyaphum, Chanthaburi, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Chon Buri, Chumphon, Kalasin, Kamphaeng Phet, Kanchanaburi, Khon Kaen, Krabi, Krung Thep Mahanakhon (Bangkok), Lampang, Lamphun, Loei, Lop Buri, Mae Hong Son, Maha Sarakham, Mukdahan, Nakhon Nayok, Nakhon Pathom, Nakhon Phanom, Nakhon Ratchasima, Nakhon Sawan, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Nan, Narathiwat, Nong Bua Lamphu, Nong Khai, Nonthaburi, Pathum Thani, Pattani, Phangnga, Phatthalung, Phayao, Phetchabun, Phetchaburi, Phichit, Phitsanulok, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Phrae, Phuket, Prachin Buri, Prachuap Khiri Khan, Ranong, Ratchaburi, Rayong, Roi Et, Sa Kaeo, Sakon Nakhon, Samut Prakan, Samut Sakhon, Samut Songkhram, Sara Buri, Satun, Sing Buri, Sisaket, Songkhla, Sukhothai, Suphan Buri, Surat Thani, Surin, Tak, Trang, Trat, Ubon Ratchathani, Udon Thani, Uthai Thani, Uttaradit, Yala, Yasothon 7 parishes (parroquies, singular - parroquia); Andorra la Vella, Canillo, Encamp, La Massana, Escaldes-Engordany, Ordino, Sant Julia de Loria
Age structure 0-14 years: 24.2% (male 7,955,597; female 7,604,652)


15-64 years: 68.8% (male 21,819,445; female 22,362,085)


65 years and over: 7% (male 2,081,768; female 2,441,729) (2003 est.)
0-14 years:
15.29% (male 5,425; female 4,917)

15-64 years:
72.06% (male 25,654; female 23,078)

65 years and over:
12.65% (male 4,299; female 4,254) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products rice, cassava (tapioca), rubber, corn, sugarcane, coconuts, soybeans small quantities of tobacco, rye, wheat, barley, oats, vegetables; sheep
Airports 111 (2002) none (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 62


over 3,047 m: 7


2,438 to 3,047 m: 10


1,524 to 2,437 m: 23


914 to 1,523 m: 17


under 914 m: 5 (2002)
-
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 49


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 17


under 914 m: 31 (2002)
-
Area total: 514,000 sq km


land: 511,770 sq km


water: 2,230 sq km
total:
468 sq km

land:
468 sq km

water:
0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly more than twice the size of Wyoming 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Background A unified Thai kingdom was established in the mid-14th century. Known as Siam until 1939, Thailand is the only Southeast Asian country never to have been taken over by a European power. A bloodless revolution in 1932 led to a constitutional monarchy. In alliance with Japan during World War II, Thailand became a US ally following the conflict. Long isolated and impoverished, mountainous Andorra has achieved considerable prosperity since World War II through its tourist industry. Many immigrants (legal and illegal) are attracted to the thriving economy with its lack of income taxes.
Birth rate 16.37 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) 10.29 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $19 billion


expenditures: $21 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
revenues:
$385 million

expenditures:
$342 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1997)
Capital Bangkok Andorra la Vella
Climate tropical; rainy, warm, cloudy southwest monsoon (mid-May to September); dry, cool northeast monsoon (November to mid-March); southern isthmus always hot and humid temperate; snowy, cold winters and warm, dry summers
Coastline 3,219 km 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution new constitution signed by King PHUMIPHON on 11 October 1997 Andorra's first written constitution was drafted in 1991; approved by referendum 14 March 1993; came into force 4 May 1993
Country name conventional long form: Kingdom of Thailand


conventional short form: Thailand


former: Siam
conventional long form:
Principality of Andorra

conventional short form:
Andorra

local long form:
Principat d'Andorra

local short form:
Andorra
Currency baht (THB) French franc (FRF); Spanish peseta (ESP); euro (EUR)
Death rate 6.86 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) 5.41 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $62.5 billion (2002 est.) $NA
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Darryl N. JOHNSON


embassy: 120/22 Wireless Road, Bangkok


mailing address: APO AP 96546


telephone: [66] (2) 205-4000


FAX: [66] (2) 254-2990, 205-4131


consulate(s) general: Chiang Mai
the US does not have an embassy in Andorra; the US Ambassador to Spain is accredited to Andorra; US interests in Andorra are represented by the Consulate General's office in Barcelona (Spain); mailing address: Paseo Reina Elisenda, 23, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; telephone: (3493) 280-2227; FAX: (3493) 205-7705
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador SAKTHIP Krairiksh


chancery: 1024 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007


telephone: [1] (202) 944-3600


FAX: [1] (202) 944-3611


consulate(s) general: Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York
chief of mission:
Ambassador (vacant)

chancery:
2 United Nations Plaza, 25th Floor, New York, NY 10017

telephone:
[1] (212) 750-8064

FAX:
[1] (212) 750-6630
Disputes - international completion of boundary demarcation with Cambodia hampered by accusations of moving and destroying boundary markers, encroachments, initiating border incidents, and sealing off Preah Vihear temple ruins, awarded to Cambodia by ICJ decision in 1962; demarcation complete except for a 1 kilometer segment at the mouth of the Kolok River in dispute with Malaysia; demarcation with Laos complete except for certain Mekong River islets and complaints of Thai squatters; despite continuing border committee talks, significant differences remain with Burma over boundary alignment and the handling of ethnic rebels, refugees, and illegal cross-border activities none
Economic aid - recipient $131.5 million (1998 est.) none
Economy - overview Thailand has a free enterprise economy and welcomes foreign investment. Exports feature computers and electrical appliances. After enjoying the world's highest growth rate from 1985 to 1995 - averaging almost 9% annually - increased speculative pressure on Thailand's currency in 1997 led to a crisis that uncovered financial sector weaknesses and forced the government to float the baht. Long pegged at 25 to the dollar, the baht reached its lowest point of 56 to the dollar in January 1998, and the economy contracted by 10.2% that same year. Thailand then entered a recovery stage, expanding by 4.2% in 1999 and 4.4% in 2000, largely due to strong exports. An ailing financial sector and the slow pace of corporate debt restructuring, combined with a softening of global demand, slowed growth to 1.4% in 2001. Increased consumption and investment spending pushed GDP growth up to 5.2% in 2002 despite a sluggish global economy. Tourism, the mainstay of Andorra's tiny, well-to-do economy, accounts for roughly 80% of GDP. An estimated 9 million tourists visit annually, attracted by Andorra's duty-free status and by its summer and winter resorts. Andorra's comparative advantage has recently eroded as the economies of neighboring France and Spain have been opened up, providing broader availability of goods and lower tariffs. The banking sector, with its "tax haven" status, also contributes substantially to the economy. Agricultural production is limited by a scarcity of arable land, and most food has to be imported. The principal livestock activity is sheep raising. Manufacturing output consists mainly of cigarettes, cigars, and furniture. Andorra is a member of the EU Customs Union and is treated as an EU member for trade in manufactured goods (no tariffs) and as a non-EU member for agricultural products.
Electricity - consumption 90.91 billion kWh (2001) NA kWh
Electricity - exports 200 million kWh (2001) NA kWh
Electricity - imports 350 million kWh (2001) NA kWh

note:
most electricity supplied by Spain and France; Andorra generates a small amount of hydropower
Electricity - production 97.6 billion kWh (2001) -
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 91.3%


hydro: 6.4%


nuclear: 0%


other: 2.4% (2001)
fossil fuel:
NA%

hydro:
NA%

nuclear:
NA%

other:
NA%
Elevation extremes lowest point: Gulf of Thailand 0 m


highest point: Doi Inthanon 2,576 m
lowest point:
Riu Runer 840 m

highest point:
Coma Pedrosa 2,946 m
Environment - current issues air pollution from vehicle emissions; water pollution from organic and factory wastes; deforestation; soil erosion; wildlife populations threatened by illegal hunting deforestation; overgrazing of mountain meadows contributes to soil erosion; air pollution; wastewater treatment and solid waste disposal
Environment - international agreements party to: Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Biodiversity, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea
party to:
Hazardous Wastes

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Thai 75%, Chinese 14%, other 11% Spanish 43%, Andorran 33%, Portuguese 11%, French 7%, other 6% (1998)
Exchange rates baht per US dollar - 42.96 (2002), 44.43 (2001), 40.11 (2000), 37.81 (1999), 41.36 (1998) euros per US dollar - 1.0659 (January 2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997), 5.1155 (1996); Spanish pesetas per US dollar - 149.40 (1998), 146.41 (1997), 126.66 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: King PHUMIPHON Adunyadet (since 9 June 1946)


head of government: Prime Minister THAKSIN Chinnawat (since 9 February 2001) and Deputy Prime Ministers Gen. (Ret.) CHAWALIT Yongchaiyut, KON Thappharansi, SUWIT Khunkitti, CHATURON Chaisaeng, VISHANU Krua-ngam, and PROMMIN Lertsuridej (since 18 February 2001)


cabinet: Council of Ministers


note: there is also a Privy Council


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister is designated from among the members of the House of Representatives; following national elections for the House of Representatives, the leader of the party that can organize a majority coalition usually is appointed prime minister by the king
chief of state:
French Coprince Jacques CHIRAC (since 17 May 1995), represented by Frederic de SAINT-SERNIN (since NA); Spanish Coprince Episcopal Monseigneur Joan MARTI Alanis (since 31 January 1971), represented by Nemesi MARQUES OSTE (since NA)

head of government:
Executive Council President Marc FORNE Molne (since 21 December 1994)

cabinet:
Executive Council or Govern designated by the Executive Council president

elections:
Executive Council president elected by the General Council and formally appointed by the coprinces for a four-year term; election last held 16 February 1997 (next to be held NA 2001)

election results:
Marc FORNE Molne elected executive council president; percent of General Council vote - 64%
Exports NA (2001) $58 million (f.o.b., 1998)
Exports - commodities computers, transistors, seafood, clothing, rice (2000) tobacco products, furniture
Exports - partners US 19.6%, Japan 14.5%, Singapore 8.1%, Hong Kong 5.4%, China 5.2%, Malaysia 4.1% (2002) France 34%, Spain 58% (1998)
Fiscal year 1 October - 30 September calendar year
Flag description five horizontal bands of red (top), white, blue (double width), white, and red three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red with the national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; the coat of arms features a quartered shield; similar to the flags of Chad and Romania, which do not have a national coat of arms in the center, and the flag of Moldova, which does bear a national emblem
GDP purchasing power parity - $445.8 billion (2002 est.) purchasing power parity - $1.2 billion (1996 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 11%


industry: 40%


services: 49% (2001)
agriculture:
NA%

industry:
NA%

services:
NA%
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $7,000 (2002 est.) purchasing power parity - $18,000 (1996 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 5.3% (2002 est.) NA%
Geographic coordinates 15 00 N, 100 00 E 42 30 N, 1 30 E
Geography - note controls only land route from Asia to Malaysia and Singapore landlocked
Heliports 2 (2002) -
Highways total: 64,600 km


paved: 62,985 km


unpaved: 1,615 km (1999 est.)
total:
269 km

paved:
198 km

unpaved:
71 km (1994 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: 2.8%


highest 10%: 32.4% (1998)
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Illicit drugs a minor producer of opium, heroin, and marijuana; illicit transit point for heroin en route to the international drug market from Burma and Laos; eradication efforts have reduced the area of cannabis cultivation and shifted some production to neighboring countries; opium poppy cultivation has been reduced by eradication efforts; also a drug money-laundering center; minor role in amphetamine production for regional consumption; increasing indigenous abuse of methamphetamine -
Imports NA (2001) $1.077 billion (c.i.f., 1998)
Imports - commodities capital goods, intermediate goods and raw materials, consumer goods, fuels (2000) consumer goods, food, electricity
Imports - partners Japan 23%, US 9.6%, China 7.6%, Malaysia 5.6%, Singapore 4.5%, Taiwan 4.4% (2002) Spain 48%, France 35%, US 2.3% (1998)
Independence 1238 (traditional founding date; never colonized) 1278 (was formed under the joint suzerainty of France and Spain)
Industrial production growth rate 3% (2000 est.) NA%
Industries tourism; textiles and garments, agricultural processing, beverages, tobacco, cement, light manufacturing, such as jewelry; electric appliances and components, computers and parts, integrated circuits, furniture, plastics; world's second-largest tungsten producer and third-largest tin producer tourism (particularly skiing), cattle raising, timber, tobacco, banking
Infant mortality rate total: 21.83 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 23.17 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 20.41 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
4.08 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 0.6% (2002 est.) 1.62% (1998)
International organization participation APEC, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN, BIS, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC (observer), OPCW, OSCE (partner), PCA, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMIBH, UNMISET, UNU, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO CCC, CE, ECE, ICAO, ICRM, IFRCS, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OSCE, UN, UNESCO, WHO, WIPO, WToO, WTrO (observer)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 15 (2000) 1 (2000)
Irrigated land 47,490 sq km (1998 est.) NA sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Sandika (judges appointed by the monarch) Tribunal of Judges or Tribunal de Batlles; Tribunal of the Courts or Tribunal de Corts; Supreme Court of Justice of Andorra or Tribunal Superior de Justicia d'Andorra; Supreme Council of Justice or Consell Superior de la Justicia; Fiscal Ministry or Ministeri Fiscal; Constitutional Tribunal or Tribunal Constitucional
Labor force 33.4 million (2001 est.) 30,787 salaried employees (1998)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 54%, industry 15%, services 31% (1996 est.) agriculture 1%, industry 21%, services 78% (1998)
Land boundaries total: 4,863 km


border countries: Burma 1,800 km, Cambodia 803 km, Laos 1,754 km, Malaysia 506 km
total:
120.3 km

border countries:
France 56.6 km, Spain 63.7 km
Land use arable land: 32.88%


permanent crops: 7%


other: 60.12% (1998 est.)
arable land:
4%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
45%

forests and woodland:
35%

other:
16% (1998 est.)
Languages Thai, English (secondary language of the elite), ethnic and regional dialects Catalan (official), French, Castilian
Legal system based on civil law system, with influences of common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction based on French and Spanish civil codes; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch bicameral National Assembly or Rathasapha consists of the Senate or Wuthisapha (200 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and the House of Representatives or Sapha Phuthaen Ratsadon (500 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)


elections: Senate - last held 4 March, 29 April, 4 June, 9 July, and 22 July 2000 (next to be held NA March 2004); House of Representatives - last held 6 January 2001 (next to be held NA January 2005)


election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - TRT 248, DP 128, TNP 41, NDP 29, other 54
unicameral General Council of the Valleys or Consell General de las Valls (28 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote, 14 from a single national constituency and 14 to represent each of the 7 parishes; members serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held 16 February 1997 (next to be held NA February 2001)

election results:
percent of vote by party - UL 57%, AND 21%, IDN 7%, ND 7%, other 8%; seats by party - UL 16, AND 6, ND 2, IDN 2, UPO 2
Life expectancy at birth total population: 71.24 years


male: 69.07 years


female: 73.53 years (2003 est.)
total population:
83.47 years

male:
80.57 years

female:
86.57 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 96%


male: 97.5%


female: 94.6% (2003 est.)
definition:
NA

total population:
100%

male:
NA%

female:
NA%
Location Southeastern Asia, bordering the Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Thailand, southeast of Burma Southwestern Europe, between France and Spain
Map references Southeast Asia Europe
Maritime claims continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation


exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
none (landlocked)
Merchant marine total: 317 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,744,103 GRT/2,657,666 DWT


ships by type: bulk 33, cargo 136, chemical tanker 5, combination bulk 1, combination ore/oil 1, container 17, liquefied gas 21, multi-functional large-load carrier 2, passenger 1, petroleum tanker 74, refrigerated cargo 17, roll on/roll off 2, short-sea passenger 2, specialized tanker 4, vehicle carrier 1


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Germany 1, Greece 1, Indonesia 1, Japan 1, Norway 24, Panama 1, Singapore 1 (2002 est.)
-
Military - note - defense is the responsibility of France and Spain
Military branches Royal Thai Army, Royal Thai Navy (includes Royal Thai Marine Corps), Royal Thai Air Force, paramilitary forces (includes the Border Patrol Police [including Police Aerial Reinforcement Unit], Thahan Phran, Special Action Forces, Police Aviation Division, Thai Marine Police, and the Volunteer Defense Corps) -
Military expenditures - dollar figure $1.775 billion (FY00) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1.4% (FY00) -
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 17,904,298 (2003 est.) -
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 10,724,565 (2003 est.) -
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age (2003 est.) -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males: 520,472 (2003 est.) -
National holiday Birthday of King PHUMIPHON, 5 December (1927) Our Lady of Meritxell Day, 8 September (1278)
Nationality noun: Thai (singular and plural)


adjective: Thai
noun:
Andorran(s)

adjective:
Andorran
Natural hazards land subsidence in Bangkok area resulting from the depletion of the water table; droughts snowslides, avalanches
Natural resources tin, rubber, natural gas, tungsten, tantalum, timber, lead, fish, gypsum, lignite, fluorite, arable land hydropower, mineral water, timber, iron ore, lead
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) 6.82 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines gas 3,066 km; refined products 265 km (2003) -
Political parties and leaders Democratic Party or DP (Prachathipat Party) [BANTADTAN Banyat]; National Development Party or NDP (Chat Phattana) [KORN Dabbaransi]; Thai Nation Party or TNP (Chat Thai Party) [BANHAN Sinlapa-acha]; Thai Rak Thai Party or TRT [THAKSIN Chinnawat] Liberal Union or UL [Marc Forne MOLNE] (renamed Liberal Party of Andorra or PLA); National Democratic Group or AND [Ladislau BARO SOLA]; National Democratic Initiative or IDN [Vincenc MATEU Zamora]; New Democracy or ND [Jaume BARTOMEU Cassany]; Union of the People of Ordino (Unio Parroquial d'Ordino) or UPO [Simo DURO Coma]

note:
there are two other small parties
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 64,265,276


note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2003 est.)
67,627 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line 12.5% (1998 est.) NA%
Population growth rate 0.95% (2003 est.) 1.17% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Bangkok, Laem Chabang, Pattani, Phuket, Sattahip, Si Racha, Songkhla none
Radio broadcast stations AM 204, FM 334, shortwave 6 (1999) AM 0, FM 15, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios - 16,000 (1997)
Railways total: 4,071 km


narrow gauge: 4,071 km 1.000-m gauge (2002)
0 km
Religions Buddhism 95%, Muslim 3.8%, Christianity 0.5%, Hinduism 0.1%, other 0.6% (1991) Roman Catholic (predominant)
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female


total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
at birth:
1.07 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.1 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.11 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
1.01 male(s)/female

total population:
1.1 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal and compulsory 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: service to general public adequate, but investment in technological upgrades reduced by recession; bulk of service to government activities provided by multichannel cable and microwave radio relay network


domestic: microwave radio relay and multichannel cable; domestic satellite system being developed


international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean)
general assessment:
NA

domestic:
modern system with microwave radio relay connections between exchanges

international:
landline circuits to France and Spain
Telephones - main lines in use 5.6 million (2000) 32,946 (December 1998)
Telephones - mobile cellular 3.1 million (2002) 14,117 (December 1998)
Television broadcast stations 5 (all in Bangkok; plus 131 repeaters) (1997) 0 (1997)
Terrain central plain; Khorat Plateau in the east; mountains elsewhere rugged mountains dissected by narrow valleys
Total fertility rate 1.91 children born/woman (2003 est.) 1.25 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 2.9% (2002 est.) 0%
Waterways 4,000 km


note: 3,701 km are navigable throughout the year by boats with drafts up to 0.9 meters; numerous minor waterways serve shallow-draft native craft
none
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