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Compare Tajikistan (2004) - Singapore (2001)

Compare Tajikistan (2004) z Singapore (2001)

 Tajikistan (2004)Singapore (2001)
 TajikistanSingapore
Administrative divisions 2 provinces (viloyatho, singular - viloyat) and 1 autonomous province* (viloyati mukhtor); Viloyati Mukhtori Kuhistoni Badakhshon* [Gorno-Badakhshan] (Khorugh), Viloyati Khatlon (Qurghonteppa), Viloyati Sughd (Khujand)


note: the administrative center name follows in parentheses
none
Age structure 0-14 years: 39.2% (male 1,384,035; female 1,361,137)


15-64 years: 56.1% (male 1,957,712; female 1,976,488)


65 years and over: 4.7% (male 145,717; female 186,467) (2004 est.)
0-14 years:
17.89% (male 397,124; female 372,058)

15-64 years:
75.16% (male 1,575,381; female 1,656,838)

65 years and over:
6.95% (male 130,815; female 168,203) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products cotton, grain, fruits, grapes, vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats rubber, copra, fruit, orchids, vegetables; poultry, eggs, fish, ornamental fish
Airports 66 (2003 est.) 9 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 15


over 3,047 m: 2


2,438 to 3,047 m: 4


1,524 to 2,437 m: 5


914 to 1,523 m: 2


under 914 m: 2 (2003 est.)
total:
9

over 3,047 m:
2

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
4

914 to 1,523 m:
1

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 51


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 10


under 914 m: 40 (2003 est.)
-
Area total: 143,100 sq km


land: 142,700 sq km


water: 400 sq km
total:
647.5 sq km

land:
637.5 sq km

water:
10 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Wisconsin slightly more than 3.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Background Tajikistan has completed its transition from the civil war that plagued the country from 1992 to 1997. There have been no major security incidents in more than two years, although the country remains the poorest in the region. Attention by the international community in the wake of the war in Afghanistan has brought increased economic development assistance, which could create jobs and increase stability in the long term. Tajikistan is in the early stages of seeking World Trade Organization membership and has joined NATO's Partnership for Peace. Founded as a British trading colony in 1819, Singapore joined Malaysia in 1963, but withdrew two years later and became independent. It subsequently became one of the world's most prosperous countries, with strong international trading links (its port is one of the world's busiest) and with per capita GDP above that of the leading nations of Western Europe.
Birth rate 32.63 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) 12.8 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $253.5 million


expenditures: $238.5 million, including capital expenditures of $86 million (2003 est.)
revenues:
$18.1 billion

expenditures:
$17.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $9.5 billion (FY99/00 est.)
Capital Dushanbe Singapore
Climate midlatitude continental, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains tropical; hot, humid, rainy; two distinct monsoon seasons - Northeastern monsoon from December to March and Southwestern monsoon from June to September; inter-monsoon - frequent afternoon and early evening thunderstorms
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 193 km
Constitution 6 November 1994 3 June 1959, amended 1965 (based on preindependence State of Singapore Constitution)
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Tajikistan


conventional short form: Tajikistan


local long form: Jumhurii Tojikiston


local short form: Tojikiston


former: Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic
conventional long form:
Republic of Singapore

conventional short form:
Singapore
Currency somoni Singapore dollar (SGD)
Death rate 8.42 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) 4.24 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $1 billion (2002 est.) $9.7 billion (2000)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Richard E. HOAGLAND


embassy: 10 Pavlova Street, Dushanbe, Tajikistan 734003; note - the embassy in Dushanbe is not yet fully operational; most business is still handled in Almaty at: 531 Sayfullin Street, Almaty, Kazakhstan, telephone 7-3272-58-79-61, FAX 7-3272-58-79-68


mailing address: use embassy street address


telephone: [992] (372) 21-03-48, 21-03-52, 24-15-60


FAX: [992] (372) 21-03-62, 51-00-28
chief of mission:
Ambassador (vacant)

embassy:
27 Napier Road, Singapore 258508

mailing address:
PSC Box 470, FPO AP 96534-0001

telephone:
[65] 476-9100

FAX:
[65] 476-9340
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Hamrohon ZARIPOV


chancery: 1725 K Street NW, Suite 409, Washington, DC 20006


telephone: [1] (202) 223-6090


FAX: [1] (202) 223-6091
chief of mission:
Ambassador CHAN Heng Chee

chancery:
3501 International Place NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 537-3100

FAX:
[1] (202) 537-0876

consulate(s) general:
Los Angeles, San Francisco

consulate(s):
New York
Disputes - international prolonged regional drought created water-sharing difficulties for Amu Darya river states; boundary agreements signed in 2002 cede 1,000 sq km of Pamir Mountain range to China in return for China relinquishing claims to 28,000 sq km of Tajikistani lands but demarcation has not yet commenced; talks continue with Uzbekistan to delimit border and remove minefields; disputes in Isfara Valley delay delimitation with Kyrgyzstan Pedra Branca Island (Pulau Batu Putih) disputed with Malaysia
Economic aid - recipient $60.7 million from US (2001) $NA
Economy - overview Tajikistan has the lowest per capita GDP among the 15 former Soviet republics. Only 5% to 6% of the land area is arable. Cotton is the most important crop. Mineral resources, varied but limited in amount, include silver, gold, uranium, and tungsten. Industry consists only of a large aluminum plant, hydropower facilities, and small obsolete factories mostly in light industry and food processing. The civil war (1992-97) severely damaged the already weak economic infrastructure and caused a sharp decline in industrial and agricultural production. Even though 60% of its people continue to live in abject poverty, Tajikistan has experienced steady economic growth since 1997. Continued privatization of medium and large state-owned enterprises will further increase productivity. Tajikistan's economic situation, however, remains fragile due to uneven implementation of structural reforms, weak governance, widespread unemployment, and the external debt burden. A debt restructuring agreement was reached with Russia in December 2002, including an interest rate of 4%, a 3-year grace period, and a US $49.8 million credit to the Central Bank of Tajikistan. Singapore is blessed with a highly developed and successful free-market economy, a remarkably open and corruption-free business environment, stable prices, and the fifth highest per capita GDP in the world. Exports, particularly in electronics and chemicals, and services are the main drivers of the economy. Mainly because of robust exports, especially electronic goods, the economy grew 10.1% in 2000. Forecasters, however, are projecting only 4%-6% growth in 2001 largely because of weaker global demand, especially in the US. The government promotes high levels of savings and investment through a mandatory savings scheme and spends heavily in education and technology. It also owns government-linked companies (GLCs) - particularly in manufacturing - that operate as commercial entities. As Singapore looks to a future increasingly marked by globalization, the country is positioning itself as the region's financial and high-tech hub.
Electricity - consumption 14.52 billion kWh (2001) 25.464 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 3.909 billion kWh (2001) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 5.242 billion kWh (2001) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 14.18 billion kWh (2001) 27.381 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Syr Darya (Sirdaryo) 300 m


highest point: Qullai Ismoili Somoni 7,495 m
lowest point:
Singapore Strait 0 m

highest point:
Bukit Timah 166 m
Environment - current issues inadequate sanitation facilities; increasing levels of soil salinity; industrial pollution; excessive pesticides industrial pollution; limited natural fresh water resources; limited land availability presents waste disposal problems; seasonal smoke/haze resulting from forest fires in Indonesia
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Tajik 64.9%, Uzbek 25%, Russian 3.5% (declining because of emigration), other 6.6% Chinese 76.7%, Malay 14%, Indian 7.9%, other 1.4%
Exchange rates Tajikistani somoni per US dollar - 3.0614 (2003), 2.7641 (2002), 2.3722 (2001), 2.0763 (2000), 1.2378 (1999)


note: the new unit of exchange was introduced on 30 October 2000, with one somoni equal to 1,000 of the old Tajikistani rubles
Singapore dollars per US dollar - 1.7365 (January 2001), 1.7240 (2000), 1.6950 (1999), 1.6736 (1998), 1.4848 (1997), 1.4100 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: President Emomali RAHMONOV (since 6 November 1994; head of state and Supreme Assembly chairman since 19 November 1992)


head of government: Prime Minister Oqil OQILOV (since 20 January 1999)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by the Supreme Assembly


elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; election last held 6 November 1999 (next to be held NA 2006); prime minister appointed by the president; Tajikistan held a constitutional referendum on 22 June 2003 that, among other things, set a term limit of two seven-year terms for the president


election results: Emomali RAHMONOV elected president; percent of vote - Emomali RAHMONOV 97%, Davlat USMON 2%
chief of state:
President Sellapan Rama (S. R.) NATHAN (since 1 September 1999)

head of government:
Prime Minister GOH Chok Tong (since 28 November 1990) and Deputy Prime Ministers LEE Hsien Loong (since 28 November 1990) and Tony TAN Keng Yam (since 1 August 1995)

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president, responsible to Parliament

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a six-year term; election last held 28 August 1999 (next to be held NA August 2005); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president; deputy prime ministers appointed by the president

election results:
Sellapan Rama (S. R.) NATHAN elected president unopposed
Exports NA (2001) $137 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Exports - commodities aluminum, electricity, cotton, fruits, vegetable oil, textiles machinery and equipment (including electronics), chemicals, mineral fuels
Exports - partners Netherlands 25.4%, Turkey 24.4%, Latvia 9.9%, Switzerland 9.7%, Uzbekistan 8.5%, Russia 6.6%, Iran 6.4% (2003) US 19%, Malaysia 17%, Hong Kong 8%, Japan 7%, Taiwan 5%, Thailand 4%, UK 4%, Netherlands 3.8%, China 3%, South Korea 3%, Germany 3% (1999)
Fiscal year calendar year 1 April - 31 March
Flag description three horizontal stripes of red (top), a wider stripe of white, and green; a gold crown surmounted by seven gold, five-pointed stars is located in the center of the white stripe two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; near the hoist side of the red band, there is a vertical, white crescent (closed portion is toward the hoist side) partially enclosing five white five-pointed stars arranged in a circle
GDP purchasing power parity - $6.812 billion (2003 est.) purchasing power parity - $109.8 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 30.8%


industry: 29.1%


services: 40.1% (2003 est.)
agriculture:
NEGL%

industry:
30%

services:
70%
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,000 (2003 est.) purchasing power parity - $26,500 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 7% (2003 est.) 10.1% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 39 00 N, 71 00 E 1 22 N, 103 48 E
Geography - note landlocked; mountainous region dominated by the Trans-Alay Range in the north and the Pamirs in the southeast; highest point, Qullai Ismoili Somoni (formerly Communism Peak), was the tallest mountain in the former USSR focal point for Southeast Asian sea routes
Heliports - 1 (2000 est.)
Highways total: 27,767 km


paved: NA


unpaved: NA (2000)
total:
3,150 km

paved:
3,066 km (including 150 km of expressways)

unpaved:
84 km (2000)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: 3.2%


highest 10%: 25.2% (1998)
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Illicit drugs major transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; limited illicit cultivation of opium poppy for domestic consumption; Tajikistan seizes roughly 80 percent of all drugs captured in Central Asia and stands third world-wide in seizures of opiates (heroin and raw opium) as a transportation and financial services hub, Singapore is vulnerable, despite strict laws and enforcement, to use as a transit point for Golden Triangle heroin and as a venue for money laundering
Imports NA (2001) $127 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Imports - commodities electricity, petroleum products, aluminum oxide, machinery and equipment, foodstuffs machinery and equipment, mineral fuels, chemicals, foodstuffs
Imports - partners Russia 20.2%, Uzbekistan 15.1%, Kazakhstan 10.9%, Azerbaijan 7%, Ukraine 7%, Romania 4.4% (2003) US 17%, Japan 17%, Malaysia 16%, Thailand 5%, China 5%, Taiwan 4%, Germany 3%, Saudi Arabia 3% (1999)
Independence 9 September 1991 (from Soviet Union) 9 August 1965 (from Malaysia)
Industrial production growth rate 10.3% (2000 est.) 14% (2000 est.)
Industries aluminum, zinc, lead, chemicals and fertilizers, cement, vegetable oil, metal-cutting machine tools, refrigerators and freezers electronics, chemicals, financial services, oil drilling equipment, petroleum refining, rubber processing and rubber products, processed food and beverages, ship repair, entrepot trade, biotechnology
Infant mortality rate total: 112.1 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 124.47 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 99.11 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
3.62 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 16.3% (2003 est.) 1.4% (2000)
International organization participation AsDB, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (subscriber), ITU, MIGA, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO (observer) APEC, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN, Australia Group (observer), BIS, C, CCC, CP, ESCAP, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OPCW, PCA, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNIKOM, UNMEE, UNTAET, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 9 (2000)
Irrigated land 7,200 sq km (1998 est.) NA sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president) Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the president with the advice of the prime minister, other judges are appointed by the president with the advice of the chief justice); Court of Appeals
Labor force 3.187 million (2000) 2.1 million (2000)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 67.2%, industry 7.5%, services 25.3% (2000 est.) financial, business, and other services 35%, manufacturing 21%, construction 13%, transportation and communication 9%
Land boundaries total: 3,651 km


border countries: Afghanistan 1,206 km, China 414 km, Kyrgyzstan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,161 km
0 km
Land use arable land: 6.61%


permanent crops: 0.92%


other: 92.47% (2001)
arable land:
2%

permanent crops:
6%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
5%

other:
87% (1993 est.)
Languages Tajik (official), Russian widely used in government and business Chinese (official), Malay (official and national), Tamil (official), English (official)
Legal system based on civil law system; no judicial review of legislative acts based on English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch bicameral Supreme Assembly or Majlisi Oli consists of the Assembly of Representatives (lower chamber) or Majlisi Namoyandagon (63 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the National Assembly (upper chamber) or Majlisi Milliy (33 seats; members are indirectly elected, 25 selected by local deputies, 8 appointed by the president; all serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 27 February and 12 March 2000 for the Assembly of Representatives (next to be held NA 2005) and 23 March 2000 for the National Assembly (next to be held NA 2005)


election results: Assembly of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PDPT 65%, Communist Party 20%, Islamic Revival Party 7.5%, other 7.5%; seats by party - NA; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA
unicameral Parliament (83 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 2 January 1997 (next to be held by 26 August 2002)

election results:
percent of vote by party - PAP 65% (in contested constituencies), other 35%; seats by party - PAP 81, WP 1, SPP 1; note - subsequent to the election, there was a change in the distribution of seats, the new distribution is as follows: PAP 80, WP 1, SPP 1, vacant 1
Life expectancy at birth total population: 64.47 years


male: 61.53 years


female: 67.55 years (2004 est.)
total population:
80.17 years

male:
77.22 years

female:
83.35 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 99.4%


male: 99.6%


female: 99.1% (2003 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
93.5%

male:
97%

female:
89.8% (1999)
Location Central Asia, west of China Southeastern Asia, islands between Malaysia and Indonesia
Map references Asia Southeast Asia
Maritime claims none (landlocked) exclusive fishing zone:
within and beyond territorial sea, as defined in treaties and practice

territorial sea:
3 NM
Merchant marine - total:
879 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 20,849,168 GRT/33,215,317 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 134, cargo 111, chemical tanker 63, combination bulk 10, combination ore/oil 6, container 167, liquefied gas 28, livestock carrier 2, multi-functional large-load carrier 4, passenger 1, petroleum tanker 295, refrigerated cargo 7, roll on/roll off 7, short-sea passenger 1, specialized tanker 10, vehicle carrier 33

note:
includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Australia 1, Bermuda 12, Belgium 6, China 9, Denmark 29, Germany 8, Greece 1, Hong Kong 20, Indonesia 9, Japan 32, South Korea 3, Netherlands 2, Norway 9, Russia 1, Sweden 22, Thailand 22, Taiwan 17, UK 3, US 10 (2000 est.)
Military branches Army, Air Force, Air Defense Force, Presidential National Guard Army, Navy, Air Force, People's Defense Force, Police Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure $35.4 million (FY01) $5 billion (FY00/01 est.)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 3.9% (FY01) 4.5% (FY00/01 est.)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 1,762,730 (2004 est.) males age 15-49:
1,316,815 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 1,444,325 (2004 est.) males age 15-49:
959,636 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males: 86,761 (2004 est.) -
National holiday Independence Day (or National Day), 9 September (1991) Independence Day, 9 August (1965)
Nationality noun: Tajikistani(s)


adjective: Tajikistani
noun:
Singaporean(s)

adjective:
Singapore
Natural hazards earthquakes and floods NA
Natural resources hydropower, some petroleum, uranium, mercury, brown coal, lead, zinc, antimony, tungsten, silver, gold fish, deepwater ports
Net migration rate -2.86 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) 26.45 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines gas 541 km; oil 38 km (2004) -
Political parties and leaders Democratic Party or DPT [Mahmadruzi ISKANDAROV]; Islamic Revival Party [Said Abdullo NURI]; People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan or PDPT [Emomali RAHMONOV]; Social Democratic Party or SDPT [Rahmatullo ZOIROV]; Socialist Party or SPT [Mirhuseyn NAZRIYEV]; Tajik Communist Party or CPT [Shodi SHABDOLOV] People's Action Party or PAP [GOH Chok Tong, secretary general] - the governing party; Singapore Democratic Party or SDP [CHEE Soon Juan]; Singapore People's Party or SPP [CHIAM See Tong]; Workers' Party or WP [J. B. JEYARETNAM]
Political pressure groups and leaders there are three unregistered political parties: Agrarian Party or APT [Hikmatullo Nasriddinov]; Progressive Party [Sulton QUVVATOV]; Unity Party [Hikmatullo SAIDOV] NA
Population 7,011,556 (July 2004 est.) 4,300,419 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line 60% (2003 est.) NA%
Population growth rate 2.14% (2004 est.) 3.5% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors none Singapore
Radio broadcast stations AM 8, FM 10, shortwave 2 (2002) AM 0, FM 16, shortwave 2 (1998)
Radios - 2.6 million (2000)
Railways total: 482 km


broad gauge: 482 km 1.520-m gauge (2003)
total:
38.6 km

narrow gauge:
38.6 km 1.000-m gauge

note:
there is a 83 km mass transit system with 48 stations
Religions Sunni Muslim 85%, Shi'a Muslim 5%, other 10% (2003 est.) Buddhist (Chinese), Muslim (Malays), Christian, Hindu, Sikh, Taoist, Confucianist
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female


total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
at birth:
1.08 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.07 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.95 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.78 male(s)/female

total population:
0.96 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 21 years of age; universal and compulsory
Telephone system general assessment: poorly developed and not well maintained; many towns are not reached by the national network


domestic: cable and microwave radio relay


international: country code - 992; linked by cable and microwave radio relay to other CIS republics and by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; Dushanbe linked by Intelsat to international gateway switch in Ankara (Turkey); satellite earth stations - 1 Orbita and 2 Intelsat
general assessment:
major consideration given to serving business interests; excellent international service

domestic:
excellent domestic facilities

international:
submarine cables to Malaysia (Sabah and Peninsular Malaysia), Indonesia, and the Philippines; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean), and 1 Inmarsat (Pacific Ocean region)
Telephones - main lines in use 242,100 (2003) 1.928 million (November 2000)
Telephones - mobile cellular 47,600 (2003) 2.333 million (November 2000)
Television broadcast stations 13 (2001) 6 (2000)
Terrain Pamir and Alay Mountains dominate landscape; western Fergana Valley in north, Kofarnihon and Vakhsh Valleys in southwest lowland; gently undulating central plateau contains water catchment area and nature preserve
Total fertility rate 4.11 children born/woman (2004 est.) 1.22 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 40% (2002 est.) 3% (2000 est.)
Waterways 200 km (along Vakhsh River) (2003) none
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