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Compare Swaziland (2005) - Cambodia (2002)

Compare Swaziland (2005) z Cambodia (2002)

 Swaziland (2005)Cambodia (2002)
 SwazilandCambodia
Administrative divisions 4 districts; Hhohho, Lubombo, Manzini, Shiselweni 20 provinces (khett, singular and plural) and 4 municipalities* (krong, singular and plural); Banteay Mean Cheay, Batdambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Spoe, Kampong Thum, Kampot, Kandal, Kaoh Kong, Keb*, Kracheh, Mondol Kiri, Otdar Mean Cheay, Pailin*, Phnum Penh*, Pouthisat, Preah Seihanu* (Sihanoukville), Preah Vihear, Prey Veng, Rotanah Kiri, Siem Reab, Stoeng Treng, Svay Rieng, Takev
Age structure 0-14 years: 40.6% (male 240,643/female 235,895)


15-64 years: 55.6% (male 327,661/female 325,400)


65 years and over: 3.8% (male 19,273/female 25,028) (2005 est.)
0-14 years: 40.7% (male 2,646,883; female 2,550,015)


15-64 years: 55.8% (male 3,373,692; female 3,758,736)


65 years and over: 3.5% (male 182,149; female 263,849) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products sugarcane, cotton, corn, tobacco, rice, citrus, pineapples, sorghum, peanuts; cattle, goats, sheep rice, rubber, corn, vegetables
Airports 18 (2004 est.) 20 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways total: 1


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
total: 5


2,438 to 3,047 m: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 17


914 to 1,523 m: 7


under 914 m: 10 (2004 est.)
total: 16 15


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 13


under 914 m: 2 1 (2002)
Area total: 17,363 sq km


land: 17,203 sq km


water: 160 sq km
total: 181,040 sq km


land: 176,520 sq km


water: 4,520 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than New Jersey slightly smaller than Oklahoma
Background Autonomy for the Swazis of southern Africa was guaranteed by the British in the late 19th century; independence was granted in 1968. Student and labor unrest during the 1990s pressured the monarchy (one of the oldest on the continent) to grudgingly allow political reform and greater democracy. Swaziland recently surpassed Botswana as the country with the world's highest known rates of HIV/AIDS infection Following a five-year struggle, Communist Khmer Rouge forces captured Phnom Penh in 1975 and ordered the evacuation of all cities and towns; over 1 million displaced people died from execution or enforced hardships. A 1978 Vietnamese invasion drove the Khmer Rouge into the countryside and touched off 13 years of fighting. UN-sponsored elections in 1993 helped restore some semblance of normalcy, as did the rapid diminishment of the Khmer Rouge in the mid-1990s. A coalition government, formed after national elections in 1998, brought renewed political stability and the surrender of remaining Khmer Rouge forces.
Birth rate 27.72 births/1,000 population (2005 est.) 32.93 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget revenues: $494.6 million


expenditures: $552.7 million, including capital expenditures of $147 million (2004 est.)
revenues: $363 million


expenditures: $532 million, including capital expenditures of $225 million (2000 est.)
Capital Mbabane; note - Lobamba is the royal and legislative capital Phnom Penh
Climate varies from tropical to near temperate tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to November); dry season (December to April); little seasonal temperature variation
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 443 km
Constitution a constitution was due to be adopted in November 2003 but was delayed and scheduled for early 2005 promulgated 21 September 1993
Country name conventional long form: Kingdom of Swaziland


conventional short form: Swaziland
conventional long form: Kingdom of Cambodia


conventional short form: Cambodia


local long form: Preahreacheanachakr Kampuchea


local short form: Kampuchea


former: Khmer Republic, Kampuchea Republic
Currency - riel (KHR)
Death rate 25.26 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.) 10.51 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external $320 million (2002 est.) $829 million (1999 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Lewis LUCKE


embassy: Central Bank Building, Warner Street, Mbabane


mailing address: P. O. Box 199, Mbabane


telephone: [268] 404-6441 through 404-6445


FAX: [268] 404-5959
chief of mission: Ambassador Charles Aaron RAY


embassy: 16, Street 228 (between streets 51 and 63), Phnom Penh


mailing address: Box P, APO AP 96546


telephone: [855] (23) 216-436


FAX: [855] (23) 216-437
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Mary Madzandza KANYA


chancery: 1712 New Hampshire Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20009


telephone: [1] (202) 234-5002


FAX: [1] (202) 234-8254
chief of mission: Ambassador ROLAND ENG


chancery: 4500 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011


telephone: [1] (202) 726-7742


FAX: [1] (202) 726-8381
Disputes - international none demarcation of boundaries with Cambodia, Thailand, and Vietnam is nearing completion; accuses Thailand of moving or destroying boundary markers and encroachment, of not respecting its claims, and of sealing off access to the Preah Vihear temple ruin awarded to Cambodia by the ICJ in 1962; accuses Vietnam of territorial encroachments and initiating armed border incidents in seven provinces, despite substantial demarcation efforts to date; disputes several offshore islands with Vietnam, which prevents delimitation of a maritime boundary
Economic aid - recipient $104 million (2001) $548 million pledged in grants and concessional loans for 2001 by international donors
Economy - overview In this small, landlocked economy, subsistence agriculture occupies more than 80% of the population. The manufacturing sector has diversified since the mid-1980s. Sugar and wood pulp remain important foreign exchange earners. Mining has declined in importance in recent years with only coal and quarry stone mines remaining active. Surrounded by South Africa, except for a short border with Mozambique, Swaziland is heavily dependent on South Africa from which it receives about nine-tenths of its imports and to which it sends nearly three-quarters of its exports. Customs duties from the Southern African Customs Union and worker remittances from South Africa substantially supplement domestically earned income. The government is trying to improve the atmosphere for foreign investment. Overgrazing, soil depletion, drought, and sometimes floods persist as problems for the future. More than one-fourth of the population needed emergency food aid in 2004 because of drought, and more than one-third of the adult population was infected by HIV/AIDS. Cambodia's economy slowed dramatically in 1997-98 due to the regional economic crisis, civil violence, and political infighting. Foreign investment and tourism fell off. In 1999, the first full year of peace in 30 years, progress was made on economic reforms and growth resumed at 5%. GDP growth for 2000 had been projected to reach 5.5%, but the worst flooding in 70 years severely damaged agricultural crops, and high oil prices hurt industrial production, and growth for the year is estimated at only 4%. In 2001, severe floods damaged an estimated 15% of the area devoted to rice. Tourism now is Cambodia's fastest growing industry, with arrivals up 34% in 2000 and up another 40% in 2001 before the September 11 terrorist attacks in the US. The long-term development of the economy after decades of war remains a daunting challenge. The population lacks education and productive skills, particularly in the poverty-ridden countryside, which suffers from an almost total lack of basic infrastructure. Fear of renewed political instability and corruption within the government discourage foreign investment and delay foreign aid. On the brighter side, the government is addressing these issues with assistance from bilateral and multilateral donors.
Electricity - consumption 1.173 billion kWh (2002) 122.76 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2002) 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports 799 million kWh; note - electricity supplied by South Africa (2002) 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production 402 million kWh (2002) 132 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel: 62%


hydro: 38%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Great Usutu River 21 m


highest point: Emlembe 1,862 m
lowest point: Gulf of Thailand 0 m


highest point: Phnum Aoral 1,810 m
Environment - current issues limited supplies of potable water; wildlife populations being depleted because of excessive hunting; overgrazing; soil degradation; soil erosion illegal logging activities throughout the country and strip mining for gems in the western region along the border with Thailand have resulted in habitat loss and declining biodiversity (in particular, destruction of mangrove swamps threatens natural fisheries); soil erosion; in rural areas, a majority of the population does not have access to potable water; toxic waste delivery from Taiwan sparked unrest in Kampong Saom (Sihanoukville) in December 1998
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Ozone Layer Protection


signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping
Ethnic groups African 97%, European 3% Khmer 90%, Vietnamese 5%, Chinese 1%, other 4%
Exchange rates emalangeni per US dollar - 6.4597 (2004), 7.5648 (2003), 10.5407 (2002), 8.6092 (2001), 6.9398 (2000) riels per US dollar - 3,895.0 (January 2002), 3,918.5 (2001), 3,840.8 (2000), 3,807.8 (1999), 3,744.4 (1998), 2,946.3 (1997)
Executive branch chief of state: King MSWATI III (since 25 April 1986)


head of government: Prime Minister Absolom Themba DLAMINI (since 14 November 2003)


cabinet: Cabinet recommended by the prime minister and confirmed by the monarch


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch
chief of state: King Norodom SIHANOUK (reinstated 24 September 1993)


head of government: Prime Minister HUN SEN (since 30 November 1998) and Deputy Prime Ministers SAR KHENG (since NA) and TOL LAH (since NA)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch


elections: none; the monarch is chosen by a Royal Throne Council; following legislative elections, a member of the majority party or majority coalition is named prime minister by the Chairman of the National Assembly and apppointed by the king
Exports NA $1.05 billion f.o.b. (2000 est.)
Exports - commodities soft drink concentrates, sugar, wood pulp, cotton yarn, refrigerators, citrus and canned fruit timber, garments, rubber, rice, fish
Exports - partners South Africa 59.7%, EU 8.8%, US 8.8%, Mozambique 6.2% (2004) US 46.4%, Vietnam 26.1%, Germany 5.6%, Singapore 5.0%, UK 3.9% (2000)
Fiscal year 1 April - 31 March calendar year
Flag description three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (triple width), and blue; the red band is edged in yellow; centered in the red band is a large black and white shield covering two spears and a staff decorated with feather tassels, all placed horizontally three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (double width), and blue with a white three-towered temple representing Angkor Wat outlined in black in the center of the red band
GDP - purchasing power parity - $18.7 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 16.1%


industry: 43.4%


services: 40.5% (2004 est.)
agriculture: 50%


industry: 15%


services: 35% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $5,100 (2004 est.) purchasing power parity - $1,500 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 2.5% (2004 est.) 5.3% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates 26 30 S, 31 30 E 13 00 N, 105 00 E
Geography - note landlocked; almost completely surrounded by South Africa a land of paddies and forests dominated by the Mekong River and Tonle Sap
Heliports - 2 (2002)
Highways total: 3,107 km


paved: NA


unpaved: NA (2000)
total: 35,769 km


paved: 4,165 km


unpaved: 31,604 km (1997)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: 1%


highest 10%: 50.2% (1995)
lowest 10%: 3%


highest 10%: 34% (1997)
Illicit drugs - narcotics-related corruption reportedly involving some in the government, military, and police; possible small-scale opium, heroin, and amphetamine production; large producer of cannabis for the international market; vulnerable to money laundering due to its cash-based economy and porous borders
Imports NA $1.4 billion f.o.b. (2000 est.)
Imports - commodities motor vehicles, machinery, transport equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals petroleum products, cigarettes, gold, construction materials, machinery, motor vehicles
Imports - partners South Africa 95.6%, EU 0.9%, Japan 0.9%, Singapore 0.3% (2004) Singapore 22.5%, Thailand 19.8%, Hong Kong 15.6%, China 4.9%, Vietnam 4.9% (2000)
Independence 6 September 1968 (from UK) 9 November 1953 (from France)
Industrial production growth rate 3.7% (FY95/96) NA%
Industries mining (coal, raw asbestos), wood pulp, sugar, soft drink concentrates, textile and apparel tourism, garments, rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem mining, textiles
Infant mortality rate total: 69.27 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 72.51 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 65.94 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
64 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 5.4% (2004 est.) 1.6% (2000 est.)
International organization participation ACP, AfDB, AU, C, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO ACCT, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (subscriber), ITU, NAM, OPCW (signatory), PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 2 (2000)
Irrigated land 690 sq km (1998 est.) 2,700 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch High Court; Court of Appeal; judges for both courts are appointed by the monarch Supreme Council of the Magistracy (provided for in the constitution and formed in December 1997); Supreme Court (and lower courts) exercises judicial authority
Labor force 383,200 (2000) 6 million (1998 est.)
Labor force - by occupation NA agriculture 80% (2001 est.)
Land boundaries total: 535 km


border countries: Mozambique 105 km, South Africa 430 km
total: 2,572 km


border countries: Laos 541 km, Thailand 803 km, Vietnam 1,228 km
Land use arable land: 10.35%


permanent crops: 0.7%


other: 88.95% (2001)
arable land: 20.96%


permanent crops: 0.61%


other: 78.43% (1998 est.)
Languages English (official, government business conducted in English), siSwati (official) Khmer (official) 95%, French, English
Legal system based on South African Roman-Dutch law in statutory courts and Swazi traditional law and custom in traditional courts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction primarily a civil law mixture of French-influenced codes from the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) period, royal decrees, and acts of the legislature, with influences of customary law and remnants of communist legal theory; increasing influence of common law in recent years
Legislative branch bicameral Parliament or Libandla, an advisory body, consists of the Senate (30 seats - 10 appointed by the House of Assembly and 20 appointed by the monarch; members serve five-year terms) and the House of Assembly (65 seats - 10 appointed by the monarch and 55 elected by popular vote; members serve five-year terms)


elections: House of Assembly - last held 18 October 2003 (next to be held October 2008)


election results: House of Assembly - balloting is done on a nonparty basis; candidates for election are nominated by the local council of each constituency and for each constituency the three candidates with the most votes in the first round of voting are narrowed to a single winner by a second round
bicameral consists of the National Assembly (122 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the Senate (61 seats; two members appointed by the monarch, two elected by the National Assembly, and 57 elected by "functional constituencies"; members serve five-year terms)


elections: National Assembly - last held 26 July 1998 (next to be held NA July 2003); Senate - last held 2 March 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)


election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - CPP 41%, FUNCINPEC 32%, SRP 14%, other 13%; seats by party - CPP 64, FUNCINPEC 43, SRP 15; Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - CPP 31, FUNCINPEC 21, SRP 7, other 2
Life expectancy at birth total population: 33.22 years


male: 32.49 years


female: 33.98 years (2005 est.)
total population: 57.1 years


male: 54.81 years


female: 59.5 years (2002 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 81.6%


male: 82.6%


female: 80.8% (2003 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 35%


male: 48%


female: 22% (1990 est.)
Location Southern Africa, between Mozambique and South Africa Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, between Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos
Map references Africa Southeast Asia
Maritime claims none (landlocked) contiguous zone: 24 NM


continental shelf: 200 NM


exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine - total: 404 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,889,404 GRT/2,740,232 DWT


ships by type: bulk 37, cargo 312, chemical tanker 2, combination bulk 5, container 7, liquefied gas 1, livestock carrier 2, multi-functional large-load carrier 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 15, refrigerated cargo 10, roll on/roll off 9, short-sea passenger 2


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Aruba 1, Belize 8, British Virgin Islands 1, Bulgaria 3, China 21, Cyprus 15, Denmark 1, Egypt 7, Estonia 1, Georgia 1, Germany 1, Greece 12, Honduras 5, Hong Kong 12, Iceland 1, Indonesia 2, Iran 1, Ireland 1, Italy 1, Japan 5, Jordan 1, Latvia 2, Lebanon 5, Liberia 5, Lithuania 1, Malta 1, Netherlands 1, Norway 2, Panama 7, Romania 4, Russia 67, Saint Kitts and Nevis 10, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 4, Singapore 15, South Korea 24, Syria 13, Thailand 1, Turkey 22, Ukraine 13, United Arab Emirates 2, United Kingdom 1, United States 5, Vietnam 2, Virgin Islands (UK) 1 (2002 est.)
Military branches Umbutfo Swaziland Defense Force (USDF): Ground Force (includes Air Wing), Royal Swaziland Police Force (RSPF) (2005) Royal Cambodian Armed Forces (RCAF): Army, Navy, Air Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure $40.5 million (2004) $112 million (FY01 est.)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1.4% (2004) 3% (FY01 est.)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49: 2,990,790 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49: 1,673,713 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 18 years of age (2002 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males: 162,643 (2002 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 6 September (1968) Independence Day, 9 November (1953)
Nationality noun: Swazi(s)


adjective: Swazi
noun: Cambodian(s)


adjective: Cambodian
Natural hazards drought monsoonal rains (June to November); flooding; occasional droughts
Natural resources asbestos, coal, clay, cassiterite, hydropower, forests, small gold and diamond deposits, quarry stone, and talc timber, gemstones, some iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydropower potential
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Political parties and leaders political parties are banned by the government - the following are considered political associations; Imbokodvo National Movement or INM [leader NA]; Ngwane National Liberatory Congress or NNLC [Obed DLAMINI, president]; People's United Democratic Movement or PUDEMO [Mario MASUKU, president] Buddhist Liberal Party or BLP [IENG MOULY]; Cambodian Pracheachon Party or Cambodian People's Party or CPP [CHEA SIM]; Khmer Citizen Party or KCP [NGUON SOEUR]; National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia or FUNCINPEC [Prince NORODOM RANARIDDH]; Sam Rangsi Party or SRP (formerly Khmer Nation Party or KNP) [SAM RANGSI]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 1,173,900


note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.)
12,775,324


note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line 40% (1995) 36% (1997 est.)
Population growth rate 0.25% (2005 est.) 2.24% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors - Kampong Saom (Sihanoukville), Kampot, Krong Kaoh Kong, Phnom Penh
Radio broadcast stations AM 3, FM 2 plus 4 repeaters, shortwave 3 (2004) AM 7, FM 3, shortwave 3 (1999)
Radios - 1.34 million (1997)
Railways total: 301 km


narrow gauge: 301 km 1.067-m gauge (2004)
total: 603 km


narrow gauge: 603 km 1.000-m gauge (2001 est.)
Religions Zionist (a blend of Christianity and indigenous ancestral worship) 40%, Roman Catholic 20%, Muslim 10%, Anglican, Bahai, Methodist, Mormon, Jewish and other 30% Theravada Buddhist 95%, other 5%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female


total population: 1 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.9 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female


total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: a somewhat modern but not an advanced system


domestic: system consists of carrier-equipped, open-wire lines and low-capacity, microwave radio relay


international: country code - 268; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
general assessment: adequate landline and/or cellular service in Phnom Penh and other provincial cities; rural areas have little telephone service


domestic: NA


international: adequate but expensive landline and cellular service available to all countries from Phnom Penh and major provincial cities; satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region)
Telephones - main lines in use 46,200 (2003) 21,800 (mid-1998)
Telephones - mobile cellular 88,000 (2003) 80,000 (2000)
Television broadcast stations 5 plus 7 relay stations (2004) 5 (1999)
Terrain mostly mountains and hills; some moderately sloping plains mostly low, flat plains; mountains in southwest and north
Total fertility rate 3.7 children born/woman (2005 est.) 4.66 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate 34% (2000 est.) 2.8% (1999 est.)
Waterways - 3,700 km


note: navigable all year to craft drawing 0.6 m or less; 282 km navigable to craft drawing as much as 1.8 m
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