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Compare Slovenia (2003) - Tunisia (2001)

Compare Slovenia (2003) z Tunisia (2001)

 Slovenia (2003)Tunisia (2001)
 SloveniaTunisia
Administrative divisions 182 municipalities (obcine, singular - obcina) and 11 urban municipalities* (mestne obcine , singular - mestna obcina ) Ajdovscina, Beltinci, Benedikt, Bistrica ob Sotli, Bled, Bloke, Bohinj, Borovnica, Bovec, Braslovce, Brda, Brezice, Brezovica, Cankova, Celje*, Cerklje na Gorenjskem, Cerknica, Cerkno, Cerkvenjak, Crensovci, Crna na Koroskem, Crnomelj, Destrnik, Divaca, Dobje, Dobrepolje, Dobrna, Dobrova-Horjul-Polhov Gradec, Dobrovnik-Dobronak, Dolenjske Toplice, Dol pri Ljubljani, Domzale, Dornava, Dravograd, Duplek, Gorenja Vas-Poljane, Gorisnica, Gornja Radgona, Gornji Grad, Gornji Petrovci, Grad, Grosuplje, Hajdina, Hoce-Slivnica, Hodos-Hodos, Horjul, Hrastnik, Hrpelje-Kozina, Idrija, Ig, Ilirska Bistrica, Ivancna Gorica, Izola-Isola, Jesenice, Jezersko, Jursinci, Kamnik, Kanal, Kidricevo, Kobarid, Kobilje, Kocevje, Komen, Komenda, Koper-Capodistria*, Kostel, Kozje, Kranj*, Kranjska Gora, Krizevci, Krsko, Kungota, Kuzma, Lasko, Lenart, Lendava-Lendva, Litija, Ljubljana*, Ljubno, Ljutomer, Logatec, Loska Dolina, Loski Potok, Lovrenc na Pohorju, Luce, Lukovica, Majsperk, Maribor*, Markovci, Medvode, Menges, Metlika, Mezica, Miklavz na Dravskem Polju, Miren-Kostanjevica, Mirna Pec, Mislinja, Moravce, Moravske Toplice, Mozirje, Murska Sobota*, Muta, Naklo, Nazarje, Nova Gorica*, Novo Mesto*, Odranci, Oplotnica, Ormoz, Osilnica, Pesnica, Piran-Pirano, Pivka, Podcetrtek, Podlehnik, Podvelka, Polzela, Postojna, Prebold, Preddvor, Prevalje, Ptuj*, Puconci, Race-Fram, Radece, Radenci, Radlje ob Dravi, Radovljica, Ravne na Koroskem, Razkrizje, Ribnica, Ribnica na Pohorju, Rogasovci, Rogaska Slatina, Rogatec, Ruse, Salovci, Selnica ob Dravi, Semic, Sempeter-Vrtojba, Sencur, Sentilj, Sentjernej, Sentjur pri Celju, Sevnica, Sezana, Skocjan, Skofja Loka, Skofljica, Slovenj Gradec*, Slovenska Bistrica, Slovenske Konjice, Smarje pri Jelsah, Smartno ob Paki, Smartno pri Litiji, Sodrazica, Solcava, Sostanj, Starse, Store, Sveta Ana, Sveti Andraz v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Jurij, Tabor, Tisina, Tolmin, Trbovlje, Trebnje, Trnovska Vas, Trzic, Trzin, Turnisce, Velenje*, Velika Polana, Velike Lasce, Verzej, Videm, Vipava, Vitanje, Vodice, Vojnik, Vransko, Vrhnika, Vuzenica, Zagorje ob Savi, Zalec, Zavrc, Zelezniki, Zetale, Ziri, Zirovnica, Zuzemberk, Zrece


note: there may be 45 more municipalities
23 governorates; Ariana (Aryanah), Beja (Bajah), Ben Arous (Bin 'Arus), Bizerte (Banzart), El Kef (Al Kaf), Gabes (Qabis), Gafsa (Qafsah), Jendouba (Jundubah), Kairouan (Al Qayrawan), Kasserine (Al Qasrayn), Kebili (Qibili), Mahdia (Al Mahdiyah), Medenine (Madanin), Monastir (Al Munastir), Nabeul (Nabul), Sfax (Safaqis), Sidi Bou Zid (Sidi Bu Zayd), Siliana (Silyanah), Sousse (Susah), Tataouine (Tatawin), Tozeur (Tawzar), Tunis, Zaghouan (Zaghwan)
Age structure 0-14 years: 15.3% (male 152,341; female 144,189)


15-64 years: 70% (male 687,939; female 666,194)


65 years and over: 14.7% (male 105,837; female 179,177) (2003 est.)
0-14 years:
28.74% (male 1,440,636; female 1,348,133)

15-64 years:
65.12% (male 3,157,988; female 3,161,596)

65 years and over:
6.14% (male 296,930; female 299,819) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products potatoes, hops, wheat, sugar beets, corn, grapes; cattle, sheep, poultry olives, olive oil, grain, dairy products, tomatoes, citrus fruit, beef, sugar beets, dates, almonds
Airports 16 (2002) 32 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 6


over 3,047 m: 1


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 2


under 914 m: 1 (2002)
total:
15

over 3,047 m:
3

2,438 to 3,047 m:
6

1,524 to 2,437 m:
3

914 to 1,523 m:
3 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 10


1,524 to 2,437 m: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 3


under 914 m: 5 (2002)
total:
17

1,524 to 2,437 m:
2

914 to 1,523 m:
8

under 914 m:
7 (2000 est.)
Area total: 20,273 sq km


land: 20,151 sq km


water: 122 sq km
total:
163,610 sq km

land:
155,360 sq km

water:
8,250 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than New Jersey slightly larger than Georgia
Background The Slovene lands were part of the Holy Roman Empire and Austria until 1918 when the Slovenes joined the Serbs and Croats in forming a new nation, renamed Yugoslavia in 1929. After World War II, Slovenia became a republic of the renewed Yugoslavia, which though Communist, distanced itself from Moscow's rule. Dissatisfied with the exercise of power of the majority Serbs, the Slovenes succeeded in establishing their independence in 1991 after a short 10-day war. Historical ties to Western Europe, a strong economy, and a stable democracy have assisted in Slovenia's transformation to a modern state. In December 2002, Slovenia received an invitation to join NATO, and it is scheduled to accede to the EU along with nine other states on 1 May 2004. In a March 2003 referendum on NATO and EU membership, Slovenes voted 90% in favor of joining the EU and 66% in favor of joining NATO. Following independence from France in 1956, President Habib BOURGIUBA established a strict one-party state. He dominated the country for 31 years, repressing Islamic fundamentalism and establishing rights for women unmatched by any other Arab nation. In recent years, Tunisia has taken a moderate, non-aligned stance in its foreign relations. Domestically, it has sought to diffuse rising pressure for a more open political society.
Birth rate 9.23 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) 17.11 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $8.11 billion


expenditures: $8.32 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1997 est.)
revenues:
$7.5 billion

expenditures:
$8.1 billion, including capital expenditures to $1.6 billion (2000 est.)
Capital Ljubljana Tunis
Climate Mediterranean climate on the coast, continental climate with mild to hot summers and cold winters in the plateaus and valleys to the east temperate in north with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers; desert in south
Coastline 46.6 km 1,148 km
Constitution adopted 23 December 1991, effective 23 December 1991 1 June 1959; amended 12 July 1988
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Slovenia


conventional short form: Slovenia


local long form: Republika Slovenija


local short form: Slovenija
conventional long form:
Republic of Tunisia

conventional short form:
Tunisia

local long form:
Al Jumhuriyah at Tunisiyah

local short form:
Tunis
Currency tolar (SIT) Tunisian dinar (TND)
Death rate 10.15 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) 4.99 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $7.9 billion (2001) $13 billion (2000 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Johnny YOUNG


embassy: Presernova 31, 1000 Ljubljana


mailing address: American Embassy Ljubljana, Department of State, 7140 Ljubljana Place, Washington, DC 20521-7140


telephone: [386] (1) 200-5500


FAX: [386] (1) 200-5555
chief of mission:
Ambassador Rust DEMMING

embassy:
144 Avenue de la Liberte, 1002 Tunis-Belvedere

mailing address:
use embassy street address

telephone:
[216] (1) 782-566

FAX:
[216] (1) 789-719
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Davorin KRACUN


chancery: 1525 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036


telephone: [1] (202) 667-5363


FAX: [1] (202) 667-4563


consulate(s) general: New York and Cleveland
chief of mission:
Ambassador Hatem ATALLAH

chancery:
1515 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20005

telephone:
[1] (202) 862-1850
Disputes - international parliamentarians are far from ratifying the Croatia-Slovenia land and maritime boundary agreement, which would have ceded most of Piran Bay and maritime access to Slovenia and several villages to Croatia none
Economic aid - recipient ODA, $62 million (2000 est.) $933.2 million (1995); note - ODA, $90 million (1998 est.)
Economy - overview Slovenia, with its historical ties to Western Europe, enjoys a GDP per capita substantially higher than that of the other transitioning economies of Central Europe. Privatization of the economy proceeded at an accelerated pace in 2002-3, and the budget deficit dropped from 3.0% of GDP in 2002 to 1.9% in 2003. Despite the economic slowdown in Europe in 2001-03, Slovenia maintained 3% growth. Structural reforms to improve the business environment allow for greater foreign participation in Slovenia's economy and help to lower unemployment. Further measures to curb inflation are also needed. Corruption and the high degree of coordination between government, business, and central bank policy are issues of concern in the run-up to Slovenia's scheduled 1 May 2004 accession to the European Union. Tunisia has a diverse economy, with important agricultural, mining, energy, tourism, and manufacturing sectors. Governmental control of economic affairs while still heavy has gradually lessened over the past decade with increasing privatization, simplification of the tax structure, and a prudent approach to debt. Real growth averaged 5.5% in the past four years, and inflation is slowing. Growth in tourism and increased trade have been key elements in this steady growth. Tunisia's association agreement with the European Union entered into force on 1 March 1998, the first such accord between the EU and Mediterranean countries to be activated. Under the agreement Tunisia will gradually remove barriers to trade with the EU over the next decade. Broader privatization, further liberalization of the investment code to increase foreign investment, and improvements in government efficiency are among the challenges for the future.
Electricity - consumption 13.83 billion kWh (2001) 8.677 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 3 billion kWh (2001) 19 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 4.1 billion kWh (2001) 165 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 13.69 billion kWh (2001) 9.173 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 35.2%


hydro: 27.3%


nuclear: 36.8%


other: 0.7% (2001)
fossil fuel:
99.2%

hydro:
0.8%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m


highest point: Triglav 2,864 m
lowest point:
Shatt al Gharsah -17 m

highest point:
Jebel ech Chambi 1,544 m
Environment - current issues Sava River polluted with domestic and industrial waste; pollution of coastal waters with heavy metals and toxic chemicals; forest damage near Koper from air pollution (originating at metallurgical and chemical plants) and resulting acid rain toxic and hazardous waste disposal is ineffective and presents human health risks; water pollution from raw sewage; limited natural fresh water resources; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification
Environment - international agreements party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Marine Life Conservation
Ethnic groups Slovene 88%, Croat 3%, Serb 2%, Bosniak 1%, Yugoslav 0.6%, Hungarian 0.4%, other 5% (1991) Arab 98%, European 1%, Jewish and other 1%
Exchange rates tolars per US dollar - 240.25 (2002), 242.75 (2001), 222.66 (2000), 181.77 (1999), 166.13 (1998) Tunisian dinars per US dollar - 1.3753 (January 2001), 1.4667 (November 2000), 1.1862 (1999), 1.1387 (1998), 1.1059 (1997), 0.9734 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: President Janez DRNOVSEK (since 22 December 2002)


head of government: Prime Minister Anton ROP (since 11 December 2002)


cabinet: Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister and elected by the National Assembly


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 10 November and 1 December 2002 (next to be held in the fall of 2007); following National Assembly elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition is usually nominated to become prime minister by the president and elected by the National Assembly; election last held 6 December 2002 (next National Assembly elections to be held NA October 2004)


election results: Janez DRNOVSEK elected president; percent of vote - Janez DRNOVSEK 56.5%, Barbara BREZIGAR 43.5%; Anton ROP elected prime minister; National Assembly vote - 63 to 24
chief of state:
President Zine El Abidine BEN ALI (since 7 November 1987)

head of government:
Prime Minister Mohamed GHANNOUCHI (since 17 November 1999)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the president

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 24 October 1999 (next to be held NA 2004); prime minister appointed by the president

election results:
President Zine El Abidine BEN ALI reelected for a third term without opposition; percent of vote - Zine El Abidine BEN ALI nearly 100%
Exports NA (2001) $6.1 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commodities manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food textiles, mechanical goods, phosphates and chemicals, agricultural products, hydrocarbons
Exports - partners Germany 23.9%, Italy 12.7%, Austria 9.5%, Croatia 8%, France 7.4%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 4.4% (2002) Germany 28%, France 22%, Italy 17%, Belgium 5%, Libya 4% (1999)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red, with the Slovenian seal (a shield with the image of Triglav, Slovenia's highest peak, in white against a blue background at the center; beneath it are two wavy blue lines depicting seas and rivers, and above it are three six-pointed stars arranged in an inverted triangle, which are taken from the coat of arms of the Counts of Celje, the great Slovene dynastic house of the late 14th and early 15th centuries); the seal is located in the upper hoist side of the flag centered in the white and blue bands red with a white disk in the center bearing a red crescent nearly encircling a red five-pointed star; the crescent and star are traditional symbols of Islam
GDP purchasing power parity - $37.06 billion (2002 est.) purchasing power parity - $62.8 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 3.2%


industry: 36.3%


services: 60.5% (2001 est.)
agriculture:
14%

industry:
32%

services:
54% (1999 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $19,200 (2002 est.) purchasing power parity - $6,500 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 3.2% (2002 est.) 5% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 46 07 N, 14 49 E 34 00 N, 9 00 E
Geography - note despite its small size, this eastern Alpine country controls some of Europe's major transit routes strategic location in central Mediterranean; Malta and Tunisia are discussing the commercial exploitation of the continental shelf between their countries, particularly for oil exploration
Highways total: 20,177 km


paved: 20,157 km (including 427 km of expressways)


unpaved: 20 km (2000)
total:
23,100 km

paved:
18,226 km

unpaved:
4,874 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: 3.9%


highest 10%: 23% (1998)
lowest 10%:
2.3%

highest 10%:
30.7% (1990)
Illicit drugs minor transit point for cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin bound for Western Europe, and for precursor chemicals -
Imports NA (2001) $8.4 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, chemicals, fuels and lubricants, food machinery and equipment, hydrocarbons, chemicals, food
Imports - partners Germany 20%, Italy 19%, Austria 11.3%, France 10.5% (2002) France 23%, Germany 23%, Italy 15%, Belgium 3% (1999)
Independence 25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia) 20 March 1956 (from France)
Industrial production growth rate 2.4% (2002) 4.1% (2000 est.)
Industries ferrous metallurgy and aluminum products, lead and zinc smelting, electronics (including military electronics), trucks, electric power equipment, wood products, textiles, chemicals, machine tools petroleum, mining (particularly phosphate and iron ore), tourism, textiles, footwear, food, beverages
Infant mortality rate total: 4.42 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 5.53 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 3.26 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
29.04 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 7.4% (2002 est.) 3% (2000 est.)
International organization participation ABEDA, ACCT (observer), BIS, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EU (applicant), FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NAM (guest), NSG, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WEU (associate partner), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC ABEDA, ACCT, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, AMU, BSEC (observer), CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIPONUH, MONUC, NAM, OAS (observer), OAU, OIC, OPCW, OSCE (partner), UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 11 (2000) 1 (2000)
Irrigated land 20 sq km (1998 est.) 3,850 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court (judges are elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the Judicial Council); Constitutional Court (judges elected for nine-year terms by the National Assembly and nominated by the president) Court of Cassation or Cour de Cassation
Labor force 857,400 2.65 million (2000 est.)

note:
shortage of skilled labor
Labor force - by occupation agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA% services 55%, industry 23%, agriculture 22% (1995 est.)
Land boundaries total: 1,334 km


border countries: Austria 330 km, Croatia 670 km, Italy 232 km, Hungary 102 km
total:
1,424 km

border countries:
Algeria 965 km, Libya 459 km
Land use arable land: 11.48%


permanent crops: 2.68%


other: 85.84% (1998 est.)
arable land:
19%

permanent crops:
13%

permanent pastures:
20%

forests and woodland:
4%

other:
44% (1993 est.)
Languages Slovenian 91%, Serbo-Croatian 6%, other 3% Arabic (official and one of the languages of commerce), French (commerce)
Legal system based on civil law system based on French civil law system and Islamic law; some judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court in joint session
Legislative branch unicameral National Assembly or Drzavni Zbor (90 seats, 40 are directly elected and 50 are selected on a proportional basis; note - the numbers of directly elected and proportionally elected seats varies with each election; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)


elections: National Assembly - last held 15 October 2000 (next to be held NA October 2004)


election results: percent of vote by party - LDS 36%, SDS 16%, ZLSD 12%, SLS/SKD 10%, NSi 9%, SMS 4%, SNS 4%, DeSUS 5%, other 4%; seats by party - LDS 34, SDS 13, ZLSD 11, SLS 10, NSi 8, SMS 4, SNS 4, DeSUS 4, Hungarian and Italian minorities 1 each


note: the National Council or Drzavni Svet is an advisory body with limited legislative powers; it may propose laws and ask to review any National Assembly decisions; in the election of November 1997, 40 members were elected to represent local, professional, and socioeconomic interests
unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Majlis al-Nuwaab (182 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 24 October 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results:
percent of vote by party - RCD 92%; seats by party - RCD 148, MDS 13, UDU 7, PUP 7, Al-Tajdid 5, PSL 2; note - reforms enabled opposition parties to win up to 20% of seats; the opposition increased number of seats from 19 to 34
Life expectancy at birth total population: 75.51 years


male: 71.65 years


female: 79.58 years (2003 est.)
total population:
73.92 years

male:
72.35 years

female:
75.62 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: NA


total population: 99.7%


male: 99.7%


female: 99.6% (2003 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
66.7%

male:
78.6%

female:
54.6% (1995 est.)
Location Central Europe, eastern Alps bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Austria and Croatia Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Algeria and Libya
Map references Europe Africa
Maritime claims NA contiguous zone:
24 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine - total:
15 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 149,554 GRT/156,861 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 2, cargo 4, chemical tanker 3, liquefied gas 1, petroleum tanker 1, short-sea passenger 3, specialized tanker 1 (2000 est.)
Military branches Slovenian Army (includes Air and Naval Forces) Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary forces, National Guard
Military expenditures - dollar figure $370 million (FY00) $356 million (FY99)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1.7% (FY00) 1.5% (FY99)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 520,037 (2003 est.) males age 15-49:
2,739,566 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 413,453 (2003 est.) males age 15-49:
1,561,484 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age 19 years of age (2003 est.) 20 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males: 13,704 (2003 est.) males:
105,146 (2001 est.)
National holiday Independence Day/Statehood Day, 25 June (1991) Independence Day, 20 March (1956)
Nationality noun: Slovene(s)


adjective: Slovenian
noun:
Tunisian(s)

adjective:
Tunisian
Natural hazards flooding and earthquakes NA
Natural resources lignite coal, lead, zinc, mercury, uranium, silver, hydropower, forests petroleum, phosphates, iron ore, lead, zinc, salt
Net migration rate 2.34 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) -0.67 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines gas 2,526 km; oil 11 km (2003) crude oil 797 km; petroleum products 86 km; natural gas 742 km
Political parties and leaders Democratic Party of Retired (Persons) of Slovenia or DeSUS [Anton ROUS]; Liberal Democratic or LDS [Anton ROP]; New Slovenia or NSi [Andrej BAJUK]; Slovene National Party or SNS [Zmago JELINCIC]; Slovene People's Party or SLS [Franc BUT]; Slovene Youth Party or SMS [Dominic CERNJAK]; Social Democratic Party of Slovenia or SDS [Janez JANSA]; United List of Social Democrats or ZLSD [Borut PAHOR] Al-Tajdid Movement [Adel CHAOUCH]; Constitutional Democratic Rally Party (Rassemblement Constitutionnel Democratique) or RCD [President Zine El Abidine BEN ALI (official ruling party)]; Liberal Social Party or PSL [Mounir BEJI]; Movement of Democratic Socialists or MDS [Khamis CHAMMARI]; Popular Unity Party or PUP [Mohamed Belhaj AMOR]; Unionist Democratic Union or UDU [Abderrahmane TLILI]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA the Islamic fundamentalist party, Al Nahda (Renaissance), is outlawed
Population 1,935,677 (July 2003 est.) 9,705,102 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% 6% (2000 est.)
Population growth rate 0.14% (2003 est.) 1.15% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Izola, Koper, Piran Bizerte, Gabes, La Goulette, Sfax, Sousse, Tunis, Zarzis
Radio broadcast stations AM 17, FM 160, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 7, FM 20, shortwave 2 (1998)
Radios - 2.06 million (1997)
Railways total: 1,201 km


standard gauge: 1,201 km 1.435-m gauge (499 km electrified) (2002)
total:
2,168 km

standard gauge:
471 km 1.435-m gauge

narrow gauge:
1,687 km 1.000-m gauge

dual gauge:
10 km 1.000-m and 1.435-m gauges (three rails)
Religions Roman Catholic (Uniate 2%) 70.8%, Lutheran 1%, Muslim 1%, atheist 4.3%, other 22.9% Muslim 98%, Christian 1%, Jewish and other 1%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.59 male(s)/female


total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
at birth:
1.08 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.07 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.99 male(s)/female

total population:
1.02 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal (16 years of age, if employed) 20 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: NA


domestic: 100% digital (2000)


international: NA
general assessment:
above the African average and continuing to be upgraded; key centers are Sfax, Sousse, Bizerte, and Tunis; Internet access available

domestic:
trunk facilities consist of open-wire lines, coaxial cable, and microwave radio relay

international:
5 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Algeria and Libya; participant in Medarabtel; two international gateway digital switches
Telephones - main lines in use 722,000 (1997) 654,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 1 million (2000) 50,000 (1998)
Television broadcast stations 48 (2001) 26 (plus 76 repeaters) (1995)
Terrain a short coastal strip on the Adriatic, an alpine mountain region adjacent to Italy and Austria, mixed mountains and valleys with numerous rivers to the east mountains in north; hot, dry central plain; semiarid south merges into the Sahara
Total fertility rate 1.27 children born/woman (2003 est.) 1.99 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 11% (2002 est.) 15.6% (2000 est.)
Waterways NA none
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