Compare Reunion (2004) - Bermuda (2005)

Compare Reunion (2004) z Bermuda (2005)

	Reunion (2004)	Bermuda (2005)

Administrative divisions	none (overseas department of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 4 arrondissements, 24 communes, and 47 cantons	9 parishes and 2 municipalities; Devonshire, Hamilton, Hamilton, Paget, Pembroke, Saint George, Saint George's, Sandys, Smith's, Southampton, Warwick*
Age structure	0-14 years: 30.9% (male 121,050; female 115,440) 15-64 years: 63.1% (male 238,553; female 245,236) 65 years and over: 6% (male 18,626; female 27,248) (2004 est.)	0-14 years: 18.9% (male 6,177/female 6,154) 15-64 years: 69.2% (male 22,422/female 22,828) 65 years and over: 11.9% (male 3,378/female 4,406) (2005 est.)
Agriculture - products	sugarcane, vanilla, tobacco, tropical fruits, vegetables, corn	bananas, vegetables, citrus, flowers; dairy products
Airports	2 (2003 est.)	1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)	total: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Area	total: 2,517 sq km land: 2,507 sq km water: 10 sq km	total: 53.3 sq km land: 53.3 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than Rhode Island	about one-third the size of Washington, DC
Background	The Portuguese discovered the uninhabited island in 1513. From the 17th to the 19th centuries, French immigration, supplemented by influxes of Africans, Chinese, Malays, and Malabar Indians, gave the island its ethnic mix. The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 cost the island its importance as a stopover on the East Indies trade route.	Bermuda was first settled in 1609 by shipwrecked English colonists headed for Virginia. Tourism to the island to escape North American winters first developed in Victorian times. Tourism continues to be important to the island's economy, although international business has overtaken it in recent years. Bermuda has developed into a highly successful offshore financial center. A referendum on independence was soundly defeated in 1995.
Birth rate	19.69 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)	11.6 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Budget	revenues: $1.26 billion expenditures: $2.62 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (1998)	revenues: $671.1 million expenditures: $594.6 million, including capital expenditures of $55 million (FY03/04)
Capital	Saint-Denis	Hamilton
Climate	tropical, but temperature moderates with elevation; cool and dry from May to November, hot and rainy from November to April	subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter
Coastline	207 km	103 km
Constitution	28 September 1958 (French Constitution)	8 June 1968; amended 1989 and 2003
Country name	conventional long form: Department of Reunion conventional short form: Reunion local long form: none local short form: Ile de la Reunion former: Bourbon Island	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Bermuda former: Somers Islands
Currency	euro (EUR)	-
Death rate	5.48 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)	7.63 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Debt - external	NA	$160 million (FY99/00)
Dependency status	overseas department of France	overseas territory of the UK
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (overseas department of France)	chief of mission: Deputy Chief of Mission Antoinette BOECKER consulate(s) general: Crown Hill, 16 Middle Road, Devonshire DVO3 mailing address: P. O. Box HM325, Hamilton HMBX; American Consulate General Hamilton, Department of State, 5300 Hamilton Place, Washington, DC 20520-5300 telephone: [1] (441) 295-1342 FAX: [1] (441) 295-1592, [1] (441) 296-9233
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (overseas department of France)	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Disputes - international	none	none
Economic aid - recipient	$NA; note - substantial annual subsidies from France (2001 est.)	NA
Economy - overview	The economy has traditionally been based on agriculture, but services now dominate. Sugarcane has been the primary crop for more than a century, and in some years it accounts for 85% of exports. The government has been pushing the development of a tourist industry to relieve high unemployment, which amounts to one-third of the labor force. The gap in Reunion between the well-off and the poor is extraordinary and accounts for the persistent social tensions. The white and Indian communities are substantially better off than other segments of the population, often approaching European standards, whereas minority groups suffer the poverty and unemployment typical of the poorer nations of the African continent. The outbreak of severe rioting in February 1991 illustrates the seriousness of socioeconomic tensions. The economic well-being of Reunion depends heavily on continued financial assistance from France.	Bermuda enjoys one of the highest per capita incomes in the world, nearly equal to that of the US. Its economy is primarily based on providing financial services for international business and luxury facilities for tourists. The effects of 11 September 2001 have had both positive and negative ramifications for Bermuda. On the positive side, a number of new reinsurance companies have located on the island, contributing to the expansion of an already robust international business sector. On the negative side, Bermuda's tourism industry - which derives over 80% of its visitors from the US - was severely hit as American tourists chose not to travel. Tourism rebounded somewhat in 2002-04. Most capital equipment and food must be imported. Bermuda's industrial sector is small, although construction continues to be important; the average cost of a house in June 2003 had risen to $976,000. Agriculture is limited, only 20% of the land being arable.
Electricity - consumption	1.005 billion kWh (2001)	598 million kWh (2002)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - production	1.08 billion kWh (2001)	643 million kWh (2002)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Piton des Neiges 3,069 m	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Town Hill 76 m
Environment - current issues	NA	asbestos disposal; water pollution; preservation of open space; sustainable development
Ethnic groups	French, African, Malagasy, Chinese, Pakistani, Indian	black 54.8%, white 34.1%, mixed 6.4%, other races 4.3%, unspecified 0.4% (2000 census)
Exchange rates	euros per US dollar - 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999)	Bermudian dollar per US dollar - 1.0000 (fixed rate pegged to the US dollar)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by Prefect Dominique VIAN (since 16 August 2004) head of government: President of the General Council Jean-Luc POUDROUX (since NA March 1998) and President of the Regional Council Paul VERGES (since NA March 1993) cabinet: NA elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of the Interior; the presidents of the General and Regional Councils are elected by the members of those councils	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor Sir John VEREKER (since 11 April 2002) head of government: Premier William Alexander SCOTT (since 24 July 2003); Deputy Premier Ewart BROWN cabinet: Cabinet nominated by the premier, appointed by the governor elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed premier by the governor
Exports	NA (2001)	NA
Exports - commodities	sugar 63%, rum and molasses 4%, perfume essences 2%, lobster 3%, (1993)	reexports of pharmaceuticals
Exports - partners	France 74%, Japan 6%, Comoros 4% (2000)	France 73.2%, UK 6.2%, Spain 2.4% (2004)
Fiscal year	calendar year	1 April - 31 March
Flag description	the flag of France is used	red, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Bermudian coat of arms (white and green shield with a red lion holding a scrolled shield showing the sinking of the ship Sea Venture off Bermuda in 1609) centered on the outer half of the flag
GDP	purchasing power parity - $4.348 billion (2003 est.)	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 8% industry: 19% services: 73% (2000 est.)	agriculture: 1% industry: 10% services: 89% (2002 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $5,800 (2001 est.)	purchasing power parity - $36,000 (2003 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	2.5% (2003 est.)	2% (2003 est.)
Geographic coordinates	21 06 S, 55 36 E	32 20 N, 64 45 W
Geography - note	this mountainous, volcanic island has an active volcano, Piton de la Fournaise; there is a tropical cyclone center at Saint-Denis, which is the monitoring station for the whole of the Indian Ocean	consists of about 138 coral islands and islets with ample rainfall, but no rivers or freshwater lakes; some land was leased by US Government from 1941 to 1995
Highways	total: 2,724 km paved: 1,300 km (including 73 km of four-lane road) unpaved: 1,424 km (1994)	total: 450 km paved: 450 km unpaved: 0 km note: public roads - 209 km; private roads - 241 km (2002)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Imports	NA (2001)	NA
Imports - commodities	manufactured goods, food, beverages, tobacco, machinery and transportation equipment, raw materials, and petroleum products	machinery and transport equipment, construction materials, chemicals, food and live animals
Imports - partners	France 64%, Bahrain 3%, Germany 3%, Italy 3% (2000)	Kazakhstan 39.2%, France 16.2%, Japan 13.1%, Italy 9.2%, South Korea 8.8%, US 6.4% (2004)
Independence	none (overseas department of France)	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Industrial production growth rate	NA	NA%
Industries	sugar, rum, cigarettes, handicraft items, flower oil extraction	tourism, international business, light manufacturing
Infant mortality rate	total: 7.95 deaths/1,000 live births male: 8.71 deaths/1,000 live births female: 7.17 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)	total: 8.53 deaths/1,000 live births male: 10.14 deaths/1,000 live births female: 6.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	NA	3.3% (mid-2003 est.)
International organization participation	InOC, UPU, WFTU	Caricom (associate), ICFTU, Interpol (subbureau), IOC, UPU, WCO, Egmont Group, Caribbean Financial Action Task Force
Irrigated land	120 sq km (1998 est.)	NA
Judicial branch	Court of Appeals or Cour d'Appel	Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrate Courts
Labor force	309,900 (2000)	37,470 (2000)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 13%, industry 12%, services 75% (2000)	agriculture and fishing 3%, laborers 17%, clerical 22%, professional and technical 17%, administrative and managerial 13%, sales 8%, services 20% (2000 est.)
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 13.6% permanent crops: 1.2% other: 85.2% (2001)	arable land: 20% permanent crops: 0% other: 80% (55% developed, 45% rural/open space) (2001)
Languages	French (official), Creole widely used	English (official), Portuguese
Legal system	French law	English law
Legislative branch	unicameral General Council (49 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve six-year terms) and a unicameral Regional Council (45 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve six-year terms) elections: General Council - last held 15 and 22 March 1998 (next to be held NA 2004); Regional Council - last held 28 March 2004 (next to be held NA 2010) election results: General Council - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - various right-wing candidates 13, PCR 10, PS 10, UDF 8, RPR 6, other left-wing candidates 2; Regional Council (second round) - percent of vote by party - PCR 44.9%, UMP 32.8%, PS-Greens 22.3%; seats by party - PCR 27, UMP 11, PS-Greens 7 note: Reunion elects three representatives to the French Senate; elections last held NA 2001 (next to be held NA 2006); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; Reunion also elects five deputies to the French National Assembly; elections last held 9 June-16 June 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UMP-RPR 1, UMP 1, PCR 1	bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (an 11-member body appointed by the governor, the premier, and the opposition) and the House of Assembly (36 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve up to five-year terms) elections: last general election held 24 July 2003 (next to be held July 2008) election results: percent of vote by party - PLP 51.7%, UBP 48%; seats by party - PLP 22, UBP 14
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 73.69 years male: 70.29 years female: 77.26 years (2004 est.)	total population: 77.79 years male: 75.7 years female: 79.91 years (2005 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 88.9% male: 87% female: 90.8% (2003 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 98% male: 98% female: 99% (1970 est.)
Location	Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar	North America, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, east of South Carolina (US)
Map references	World	North America
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine	total: 1 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 28,264 GRT/44,885 DWT by type: chemical tanker 1 foreign-owned: Sweden 1 registered in other countries: 1	total: 108 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 4,845,326 GRT/6,501,782 DWT by type: bulk carrier 22, cargo 6, container 22, liquefied gas 13, passenger 13, passenger/cargo 6, petroleum tanker 8, refrigerated cargo 11, roll on/roll off 7 foreign-owned: 103 (Australia 2, Canada 20, Finland 2, Germany 1, Greece 1, Hong Kong 5, Indonesia 1, Nigeria 8, Norway 5, Sweden 9, Switzerland 2, United Kingdom 27, United States 20) registered in other countries: 1 (2005)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of France	defense is the responsibility of the UK
Military branches	no regular indigenous military forces; French forces (including Army, Navy, Air Force, and Gendarmerie)	Bermuda Regiment
Military expenditures - dollar figure	-	$4.03 million (2001)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	-	0.11% (FY00/01)
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 202,385 (2004 est.)	-
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 103,073 (2004 est.)	-
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	males: 7,070 (2004 est.)	-
National holiday	Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)	Bermuda Day, 24 May
Nationality	noun: Reunionese (singular and plural) adjective: Reunionese	noun: Bermudian(s) adjective: Bermudian
Natural hazards	periodic, devastating cyclones (December to April); Piton de la Fournaise on the southeastern coast is an active volcano	hurricanes (June to November)
Natural resources	fish, arable land, hydropower	limestone, pleasant climate fostering tourism
Net migration rate	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)	2.45 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Political parties and leaders	Communist Party of Reunion or PCR [Paul VERGES]; Rally for the Republic or RPR [Andre Maurice PIHOUEE]; Socialist Party or PS [Jean-Claude FRUTEAU]; Union for French Democracy or UDF [Gilbert GERARD]; Union for a Popular Movement or UMP [leader NA]	Progressive Labor Party or PLP [William Alexander SCOTT]; United Bermuda Party or UBP [Grant GIBBONS]
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	Bermuda Employer's Union [Eddie SAINTS]; Bermuda Industrial Union or BIU [Derrick BURGESS]; Bermuda Public Services Union or BPSU [Ed BALL]; Bermuda Union of Teachers [Michael CHARLES]
Population	766,153 (July 2004 est.)	65,365 (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA	19% (2000)
Population growth rate	1.42% (2004 est.)	0.64% (2005 est.)
Ports and harbors	Le Port, Pointe des Galets	Hamilton, Saint George
Radio broadcast stations	AM 2, FM 55, shortwave 0 (2001)	AM 5, FM 3, shortwave 0 (2004)
Religions	Roman Catholic 86%, Hindu, Muslim, Buddhist (1995)	Anglican 23%, Roman Catholic 15%, African Methodist Episcopal 11%, other Protestant 18%, other 12%, unaffiliated 6%, unspecified 1%, none 14% (2000 census)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2004 est.)	at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: adequate system; principal center is Saint-Denis domestic: modern open-wire and microwave radio relay network international: country code - 262; radiotelephone communication to Comoros, France, Madagascar; new microwave route to Mauritius; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean); fiber optic submarine cable (SAT-3/WASC/SAFE) provides connectivity to Europe and Asia	general assessment: good domestic: fully automatic digital telephone system; fiber optic trunk lines international: country code - 1-441; 3 fiber optic submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	300,000 est (2001)	56,000 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular	489,800 (2002)	37,873 (2003)
Television broadcast stations	35 (plus 18 low-power repeaters) (2001)	4 (2004)
Terrain	mostly rugged and mountainous; fertile lowlands along coast	low hills separated by fertile depressions
Total fertility rate	2.5 children born/woman (2004 est.)	1.89 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate	36% (1999 est.)	5% (2002 est.)

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