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Compare Reunion (2001) - Monaco (2002)
Compare Reunion (2001) z Monaco (2002)
| Reunion (2001) | Monaco (2002) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | none (overseas department of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 4 arrondissements, 24 communes, and 47 cantons | none; there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are four quarters (quartiers, singular - quartier); Fontvieille, La Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo |
| Age structure | 0-14 years:
32.07% (male 120,259; female 114,669) 15-64 years: 62.25% (male 224,347; female 231,698) 65 years and over: 5.68% (male 16,892; female 24,705) (2001 est.) |
0-14 years: 15.5% (male 2,545; female 2,418)
15-64 years: 62.1% (male 9,762; female 10,093) 65 years and over: 22.4% (male 2,922; female 4,247) (2002 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | sugarcane, vanilla, tobacco, tropical fruits, vegetables, corn | none |
| Airports | 2 (2000 est.) | none; linked to airport in Nice, France, by helicopter service (2001) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total:
2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
- |
| Area | total:
2,512 sq km land: 2,502 sq km water: 10 sq km |
total: 1.95 sq km
land: 1.95 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | slightly smaller than Rhode Island | about three times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC |
| Background | The Portuguese discovered the uninhabited island in 1513. From the 17th to the 19th centuries, French immigration supplemented by influxes of Africans, Chinese, Malays, and Malabar Indians gave the island its ethnic mix. The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 cost the island its importance as a stopover on the East Indies trade route. | Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with a railroad linkup to France and the opening of a casino. Since then, the principality's mild climate, splendid scenery, and gambling facilities have made Monaco world famous as a tourist and recreation center. |
| Birth rate | 21.26 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 9.6 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Budget | revenues:
NA expenditures: NA |
revenues: $518 million
expenditures: $531 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1995) |
| Capital | Saint-Denis | Monaco |
| Climate | tropical, but temperature moderates with elevation; cool and dry from May to November, hot and rainy from November to April | Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers |
| Coastline | 207 km | 4.1 km |
| Constitution | 28 September 1958 (French Constitution) | 17 December 1962 |
| Country name | conventional long form:
Department of Reunion conventional short form: Reunion local long form: none local short form: Ile de la Reunion former: Bourbon Island |
conventional long form: Principality of Monaco
conventional short form: Monaco local long form: Principaute de Monaco local short form: Monaco |
| Currency | French franc (FRF); euro (EUR) | euro (EUR); French franc (FRF) |
| Death rate | 5.52 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 12.91 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Debt - external | $NA | $NA |
| Dependency status | overseas department of France | - |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | none (overseas department of France) | the US does not have an embassy in Monaco; the US Consul General in Marseille (France) is accredited to Monaco |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | none (overseas department of France) | Monaco does not have an embassy in the US
consulate(s) general: New York |
| Disputes - international | none | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | $NA; note - substantial annual subsidies from France | $NA |
| Economy - overview | The economy has traditionally been based on agriculture. Sugarcane has been the primary crop for more than a century, and in some years it accounts for 85% of exports. The government has been pushing the development of a tourist industry to relieve high unemployment, which amounts to more than 40% of the labor force. The gap in Reunion between the well-off and the poor is extraordinary and accounts for the persistent social tensions. The white and Indian communities are substantially better off than other segments of the population, often approaching European standards, whereas minority groups suffer the poverty and unemployment typical of the poorer nations of the African continent. The outbreak of severe rioting in February 1991 illustrates the seriousness of socioeconomic tensions. The economic well-being of Reunion depends heavily on continued financial assistance from France. | Monaco, situated on the French Mediterranean coast, is a popular resort, attracting tourists to its casino and pleasant climate. In 2001, a major new construction project will extend the pier used by cruise ships in the main harbor. The Principality has successfully sought to diversify into services and small, high-value-added, nonpolluting industries. The state has no income tax and low business taxes and thrives as a tax haven both for individuals who have established residence and for foreign companies that have set up businesses and offices. The state retains monopolies in a number of sectors, including tobacco, the telephone network, and the postal service. Living standards are high, roughly comparable to those in prosperous French metropolitan areas. Monaco does not publish national income figures; the estimates below are extremely rough. |
| Electricity - consumption | 1.023 billion kWh (1999) | NA kWh |
| Electricity - exports | 0 kWh (1999) | - |
| Electricity - imports | 0 kWh (1999) | NA kWh
note: electricity supplied by France (1999) |
| Electricity - production | 1.1 billion kWh (1999) | - |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel:
54.55% hydro: 45.45% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999) |
- |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point:
Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Piton des Neiges 3,069 m |
lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m
highest point: Mont Agel 140 m |
| Environment - current issues | NA | NA |
| Environment - international agreements | - | party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol |
| Ethnic groups | French, African, Malagasy, Chinese, Pakistani, Indian | French 47%, Monegasque 16%, Italian 16%, other 21% |
| Exchange rates | euros per US dollar - 1.06594 (January 2001), 1.08540 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997), 5.1155 (1996) | euros per US dollar - 1.1324 (January 2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997) |
| Executive branch | chief of state:
President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by Prefect Robert POMMIES (since NA 1996) head of government: President of the General Council Jean-Luc POUDROUX (since NA March 1998) and President of the Regional Council Paul VERGES (since NA March 1993) cabinet: NA elections: French president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of the Interior; the presidents of the General and Regional Councils are elected by the members of those councils |
chief of state: Prince RAINIER III (since 9 May 1949); Heir Apparent Prince ALBERT Alexandre Louis Pierre, son of the monarch (born 14 March 1958)
head of government: Minister of State Patrick LECLERCQ (since 5 January 2000) cabinet: Council of Government is under the authority of the monarch elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; minister of state appointed by the monarch from a list of three French national candidates presented by the French Government |
| Exports | $214 million (f.o.b., 1997) | $NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France |
| Exports - commodities | sugar 63%, rum and molasses 4%, perfume essences 2%, lobster 3%, (1993) | - |
| Exports - partners | France 74%, Japan 6%, Comoros 4% (1994) | - |
| Fiscal year | calendar year | calendar year |
| Flag description | the flag of France is used | two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of Indonesia which is longer and the flag of Poland which is white (top) and red |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $3.4 billion (1998 est.) | purchasing power parity - $870 million (1999 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture:
NA% industry: NA% services: NA% |
agriculture: NA%
industry: NA% services: NA% |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $4,800 (1998 est.) | purchasing power parity - $27,000 (1999 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | 3.8% (1998 est.) | NA% |
| Geographic coordinates | 21 06 S, 55 36 E | 43 44 N, 7 24 E |
| Geography - note | - | second smallest independent state in the world (after Holy See); almost entirely urban |
| Heliports | - | 1 (shuttle service between the international airport at Nice, France, and Monaco's heliport at Fontvieille) (2002) |
| Highways | total:
2,724 km paved: 1,300 km (including 73 km of four-lane road) unpaved: 1,424 km note: 370 km of road are maintained by national authorities, 754 km by departmental authorities and 1600 km by local authorities (1994) |
total: 50 km
paved: 50 km unpaved: 0 km (2001) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
| Imports | $2.5 billion (c.i.f., 1997) | $NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France |
| Imports - commodities | manufactured goods, food, beverages, tobacco, machinery and transportation equipment, raw materials, and petroleum products | - |
| Imports - partners | France 64%, Bahrain 3%, Germany 3%, Italy 3% (1994) | - |
| Independence | none (overseas department of France) | 1419 (beginning of the rule by the House of Grimaldi) |
| Industrial production growth rate | NA% | NA% |
| Industries | sugar, rum, cigarettes, handicraft items, flower oil extraction | tourism, construction, small-scale industrial and consumer products |
| Infant mortality rate | 8.49 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) | 5.73 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | NA% | NA% |
| International organization participation | FZ, InOC, WFTU | ACCT, ECE, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 1 (2000) | 2 (2000) |
| Irrigated land | 60 sq km (1993 est.) | NA sq km |
| Judicial branch | Court of Appeals or Cour d'Appel | Supreme Court or Tribunal Supreme (judges appointed by the monarch on the basis of nominations by the National Council) |
| Labor force | 261,000 (1995) | 30,540 (January 1994) |
| Labor force - by occupation | agriculture 8%, industry 19%, services 73% (1990) | - |
| Land boundaries | 0 km | total: 4.4 km
border countries: France 4.4 km |
| Land use | arable land:
17% permanent crops: 2% permanent pastures: 5% forests and woodland: 35% other: 41% (1993 est.) |
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (urban area) (1998 est.) |
| Languages | French (official), Creole widely used | French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque |
| Legal system | French law | based on French law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
| Legislative branch | unicameral General Council (47 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve six-year terms) and a unicameral Regional Council (45 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve six-year terms)
elections: General Council - last held NA March 1994 (next to be held NA 2000); Regional Council - last held 15 March 1998 (next to be held NA 2004) election results: General Council - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PCR 12, PS 12, UDF 11, RPR 5, others 7; Regional Council - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PCR 7, UDF 8, PS 6, RPR 4, various right-wing candidates 15, various left-wing candidates 5 note: Reunion elects three representatives to the French Senate; elections last held 14 April 1996 (next to be held NA 2001); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPR 1, PCR 2; Reunion also elects five deputies to the French National Assembly; elections last held 25 May and 1 June 1997 (next to be held NA 2002); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PCR 3, PS 1, and RPR-UDF 1 |
unicameral National Council or Conseil National (24 seats; 16 members elected by list majority system, 8 by proportional representation; to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 9 February 2003 (next to be held NA February 2008) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UNAM 21, UND 3 |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population:
72.93 years male: 69.53 years female: 76.49 years (2001 est.) |
total population: 79.12 years
male: 75.21 years female: 83.25 years (2002 est.) |
| Literacy | definition:
age 15 and over can read and write total population: 79% male: 76% female: 80% (1982 est.) |
definition: NA
total population: 99% male: NA% female: NA% |
| Location | Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar | Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of France, near the border with Italy |
| Map references | World | Europe |
| Maritime claims | exclusive economic zone:
200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
territorial sea: 12 NM |
| Merchant marine | total:
1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 28,264 GRT/44,885 DWT ships by type: chemical tanker 1 (2000 est.) |
none (2002 est.) |
| Military - note | defense is the responsibility of France | defense is the responsibility of France |
| Military branches | French forces (Army, Navy, Air Force, and Gendarmerie) | - |
| Military manpower - availability | males age 15-49:
190,846 (2001 est.) |
- |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | males age 15-49:
97,497 (2001 est.) |
- |
| Military manpower - military age | 18 years of age | - |
| Military manpower - reaching military age annually | males:
6,243 (2001 est.) |
- |
| National holiday | Bastille Day, 14 July (1789) | National Day (Prince of Monaco Holiday), 19 November |
| Nationality | noun:
Reunionese (singular and plural) adjective: Reunionese |
noun: Monegasque(s) or Monacan(s)
adjective: Monegasque or Monacan |
| Natural hazards | periodic, devastating cyclones (December to April); Piton de la Fournaise on the southeastern coast is an active volcano | NA |
| Natural resources | fish, arable land, hydropower | none |
| Net migration rate | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 7.82 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Political parties and leaders | Communist Party of Reunion or PCR [Paul VERGES]; Rally for the Republic or RPR [Andre Maurice PIHOUEE]; Socialist Party or PS [Jean-Claude FRUTEAU]; Union for French Democracy or UDF [Gilbert GERARD] | Campora List [Anne-Maria CAMPORA]; Medecin List [Jean-Louis MEDECIN]; National and Democratic Union or UND [Jean-Louis CAMPORA]; National Union for the Future of Monaco or UNAM [leader NA]; Rally for the Monegasque Family or RFM [leader NA] |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | NA | NA |
| Population | 732,570 (July 2001 est.) | 31,987 (July 2002 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | NA% |
| Population growth rate | 1.57% (2001 est.) | 0.45% (2002 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Le Port, Pointe des Galets | Monaco |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 2, FM 55, shortwave 0 (1998) | AM 1, FM NA, shortwave 8 (1998) |
| Radios | 173,000 (1997) | 34,000 (1997) |
| Railways | 0 km | total: 1.7 km
standard gauge: 1.7 km 1.435-m gauge (2002) |
| Religions | Roman Catholic 86%, Hindu, Muslim, Buddhist (1995) | Roman Catholic 90% |
| Sex ratio | at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2002 est.) |
| Suffrage | 18 years of age; universal | 21 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | general assessment:
adequate system; principal center is Saint-Denis domestic: modern open wire and microwave radio relay network international: radiotelephone communication to Comoros, France, Madagascar; new microwave route to Mauritius; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) |
general assessment: modern automatic telephone system
domestic: NA international: no satellite earth stations; connected by cable into the French communications system |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 236,500 (1997) | 31,027 (1995) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 85,000 (1999) | NA |
| Television broadcast stations | 22 (plus 18 low-power repeaters) (1997) | 5 (1998) |
| Terrain | mostly rugged and mountainous; fertile lowlands along coast | hilly, rugged, rocky |
| Total fertility rate | 2.58 children born/woman (2001 est.) | 1.76 children born/woman (2002 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | 42.8% (1998) | 3.1% (1998) |
| Waterways | none | none |
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